Reversed and Dismissed and Memorandum Opinion filed February 7, 2008.
In The
Fourteenth Court of Appeals
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NO. 14-07-00415-CV
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EPG, INC. & STANTON HOLT, Appellant
V.
RDM, INC., Appellee
On Appeal from the 129th District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 2007-16186
M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N
This is an accelerated, interlocutory appeal[1] from the granting of a temporary injunction against appellants, EPG, Inc. (EPG) and Stanton Holt, in favor of appellees, RDM, Inc. (RDM), Paul McElroy, Nick Incrapera, Peter Holt, and Judson Holt. After an evidentiary hearing, the trial court entered a temporary injunction requiring Stanton and EPG to turn over or release to RDM all assets and property maintained for and/or belonging to the limited partnerships including but not limited to marketing files and/or records, human relations files and/or record, accounting files and/or records, ledgers, checkbooks, computer equipment, management fees, general fees, and administrative fees. Additionally, Stanton and EPG were prohibited from interfering in any way with RDM=s management and collection of fees. In six issues, appellants contend the trial court abused its discretion by granting a temporary injunction because (1) the trial court altered the status quo between the parties; (2) appellee=s suit was barred by the doctrine of unclean hands; (3) appellee failed to show a probable right of recovery; (4) the injunction awarded appellee all relief requested; (5) the injunction awarded appellee possessory rights; and (6) the trial court failed to balance the equities, burdens, and hardships of the parties.
Factual and Procedural Background
Stanton is the founder of a restaurant chain called Lupe Tortilla. Stanton began his business with one Lupe Tortilla restaurant. The restaurant was a success, so he began considering the idea of expanding his business. In 1995, Stanton formed EPG to serve as the general partner for his expansion restaurants. Stanton was the sole director and a shareholder of EPG. Judson Holt, Peter Holt, Paul McElroy, and Nick Incrapera were also shareholders of EPG and served as officers for the corporation. From approximately 1997 to 2006, EPG developed and opened six more Lupe Tortilla restaurants in the Houston vicinity. Each expansion restaurant was formed as a limited partnership with EPG serving as its general partner. Each limited partnership was named Tres Habaneros followed by a reference to its location.
Around March 2007, disagreements began to form between Stanton and Judson, Peter, McElroy, and Incrapera. On March 7, 2007, McElroy was removed from his position as Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and President of EPG. Each side presented conflicting stories as to why McElroy was terminated. Stanton and EPG alleged that at the meeting on March 7, Judson, Peter, McElroy, and Incrapera insisted Stanton give up his voting control of the corporation. Appellants claimed McElroy advised Stanton he would no longer go forward with the plan to build additional Lupe Tortilla restaurants unless Stanton gave up this control. After hearing this, Stanton felt he had no other choice but to remove McElroy as CEO and President of EPG, but Stanton testified he subsequently offered McElroy a lateral position as Chief Financial Officer, which McElroy refused to accept. According to RDM, McElroy never refused to go forward with the expansion plan, and Stanton unilaterally decided to fire McElroy for no reason during their meeting on March 7.
On March 8, 2007, one day after being removed as CEO and President of EPG, McElroy formed another corporation called RDM. That same day, Judson, Peter, and Incrapera signed the Certificate of Formation as officers of RDM, while still employed as officers of EPG. Judson admitted RDM was formed with the purpose of taking over EPG=s position as general partner. On March 9 and 10, McElroy held meetings with some of EPG=s limited partners, including Judson and Peter. During the meetings, McElroy discussed with the limited partners the idea of replacing EPG with RDM as general partner, and he presented a form for them to sign agreeing to remove EPG. Stanton, as a limited partner, and EPG, as the general partner, never received notice of the meetings. The following week, McElroy worked to secure enough limited partners= signatures to effectuate the removal of EPG as the general partner for each of the Tres Habaneros limited partnerships.
EPG and Stanton were unaware of these actions until March 19, 2007, when RDM delivered a letter to EPG=s corporate office informing it that 75% of the sharing ratio of the limited partners for each Tres Habaneros partnership had voted to remove EPG and replace it with RDM. The letter also demanded EPG to turn over the limited partnerships= assets and property to RDM. Stanton refused to turn over the property and assets. That same day, RDM filed suit against Stanton for conversion and also sought a temporary restraining order and temporary injunction. The trial court signed a temporary restraining order requiring Stanton and EPG to safeguard and maintain the assets and property belonging to the limited partnerships and requiring the information be available to RDM and its designated representatives for inspection. On April 26, 2007, the trial court signed a temporary injunction requiring Stanton and EPG to turn over or release to RDM all assets and property maintained for and/or belonging to the limited partnerships including but not limited to marketing files and/or records, human relations files and/or record, accounting files and/or records, ledgers, checkbooks, computer equipment, management fees, general fees, and administrative fees. The temporary injunction is the basis of this appeal.
Discussion
A. Did the Trial Court Fail to Maintain the Status Quo?
In their first issue, appellants claim the trial court abused its discretion because it altered the status quo by requiring EPG to turn over or release to RDM all of the limited partnerships= assets and property.
1. Standard of Review
An applicant for a temporary injunction seeks extraordinary relief. In re Tex. Natural Res. Conservation Comm=n, 85 S.W.3d 201, 204 (Tex. 2002). The sole issue before the trial court in a temporary injunction hearing is whether the applicant may preserve the status quo of the litigation=s subject matter pending trial on the merits. Davis v. Huey, 571 S.W.2d 859, 862 (Tex. 1978). The status quo is the last actual, peaceable, noncontested status which preceded the pending controversy. RP&R, Inc. v. Territo, 32 S.W.3d 396, 402 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 2000, no pet.). An applicant must plead and prove three elements to obtain a temporary injunction: (1) a cause of action against the defendant; (2) a probable right to the relief sought; and (3) a probable, imminent, and irreparable injury in the interim. Butnaru v. Ford Motor Co., 84 S.W.3d 198, 204 (Tex. 2002).
The applicant for the temporary injunction is not required to establish that he or she will prevail upon a final trial on the merits. Walling v. Metcalfe, 863 S.W.2d 56, 58 (Tex. 1993). The merits of the applicant=s suit are not presented for review. Davis, 571 S.W.2d at 861. Our review is strictly limited to whether the trial court clearly abused its discretion in granting the temporary injunction. Id. at 862. We may not substitute our judgment for that of the trial court by vacating or modifying an injunction simply because we would have decided the issue differently. Landry=s Seafood Inn & Oyster Bar-Kemah, Inc. v. Wiggins, 919 S.W.2d 924, 926 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 1996, no writ). Further, we may not reverse the trial court=s order granting a temporary injunction unless its decision was so arbitrary that it exceeded the bounds of reasonable discretion. Butnaru, 84 S.W.3d at 204. However, it is an abuse of discretion for the trial court to issue a temporary injunction which alters the status quo. See Dyer v. Weedon, 769 S.W.2d 711, 715 (Tex. App.CWaco 1989, no writ). The trial court does not abuse its discretion if the applicant pleads a cause of action and presents some evidence tending to sustain that cause of action. RP&R, Inc., 32 S.W.3d at 400. Furthermore, as the trial court functions as the fact finder in a temporary injunction hearing, an abuse of discretion does not exist where the trial court based its decision on conflicting evidence. Davis, 571 S.W.2d at 862. As the reviewing court, we must draw all legitimate inferences from the evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court=s order granting a temporary injunction. T-N-T Motorsports, Inc. v. Hennessey Motorsports, Inc., 965 S.W.2d 18, 21 (Tex. App.CHouston [1st Dist.] 1998, pet. dism=d).
2. Analysis
We begin by noting that the status quo is not necessarily the situation as it existed at the time the trial court entered its order. See McLean v. Employers Cas. Co., 381 S.W.2d 582, 584 (Tex. Civ. App.CDallas 1964, no writ). Rather, as stated above, the status quo is the last actual, peaceable, noncontested status which preceded the pending controversy. RP&R, Inc., 32 S.W.3d at 402.
Appellants contend the trial court abused its discretion because it altered the status quo by requiring EPG to turn over or release to RDM all of the limited partnerships= assets and property. Appellees, on the other hand, assert the trial court properly granted the temporary injunction because the last actual, peaceable, noncontested status was when RDM took over as the general partner. We cannot agree with appellees. It is undisputed the parties hotly contest the status of RDM as the general partner. This status, therefore, cannot constitute the status quo to be protected pending a trial on the merits. See Benavides Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Guerra, 681 S.W.2d 246, 249 (Tex. App.CSan Antonio 1984, writ ref=d n.r.e.). If an act of one party alters the relationship between that party and another, and the latter contests the action, the status quo cannot be the relationship as it exists after the action. Id. In this case, McElroy, Judson, Peter, and Incrapera formed RDM with the purpose of taking over EPG=s position as general partner, they failed to notify both EPG and Stanton of multiple meetings held with the other limited partners, and they subsequently replaced EPG with RDM as the general partner. These actions altered the relationship between the two parties, and appellants contest these actions on multiple grounds. Accordingly, the status quo cannot be the relationship as it existed after RDM took over as the general partner. See id. (rejecting school district=s argument that the status quo to be maintained was the part-time employment status of employee before the suit was filed because school district had altered the relationship by reducing employee=s status from full-time to part-time and employee properly contested this action).
Thus, the last actual, peaceable, noncontested status was when EPG served as the general partner and maintained the assets and property for each of the Lupe Tortilla limited partnerships. The temporary injunction ordered by the trial court required appellants to turn over or release to RDM all assets and property, which disturbs the status quo. We conclude the trial court abused its discretion by entering the temporary injunction and altering the status quo. Accordingly, we sustain appellant=s first issue. The judgment of the trial court is reversed, and the order granting the temporary injunction is dissolved. Because of our disposition on this point of error, we need not reach appellant=s remaining points. Tex. R. Civ. P. 47.1
Conclusion
Having sustained appellant=s first issue, we reverse the judgment of the trial court and dissolve the order granting the temporary injunction.
/s/ John S. Anderson
Justice
Judgment rendered and Memorandum Opinion filed February 7, 2008.
Panel consists of Chief Justice Hedges and Justices Anderson and Seymore.
[1] Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. ' 51.014(a)(4) (Vernon Supp. 2007).