September 15 2015
DA 15-0056
Case Number: DA 15-0056
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2015 MT 276N
DENNIS KONOPATZKE and JEANIE KONOPATZKE
as Trustees of and on behalf of the KONOPATZKE LIVING
TRUST dated September 27, 1995,
Plaintiffs and Appellants,
v.
DUANE BAUCH and VALERIE J. BAUCH,
Defendants and Appellees.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Eleventh Judicial District,
In and For the County of Flathead, Cause No. DV 12-1050(D)
Honorable David M. Ortley, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellants:
Richard De Jana, Richard De Jana & Associates, PLLC; Kalispell,
Montana
For Appellees:
Randall A. Snyder, Snyder Law Office, PC; Bigfork, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: August 5, 2015
Decided: September 15, 2015
Filed:
__________________________________________
Clerk
Justice Jim Rice delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating
Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion and shall not be cited and does not
serve as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this
Court’s quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana
Reports.
¶2 Dennis Konopatzke and Jeanie Konopatzke (Konopatzkes) appeal from the
District Court’s entry of summary judgment in favor of Duane Bauch and Valerie J.
Bauch (Bauchs). The court ordered enforcement of the parties’ negotiated Settlement
Agreement (Agreement) and accompanying Mutual Easement Termination document.
¶3 Konopatzkes and Bauchs are neighbors on Whitefish Lake and have had various
property-related disputes over the years. In September 2012, Konopatzkes filed a
complaint that alleged Bauchs’ driveway encroached upon Konopatzkes’ property,
preventing them from making improvements, and sought removal of the encroachment.
Konopatzkes also alleged that Bauchs would not permit Konopatzkes to install a water
system on Bauchs’ property as provided for by an easement on Bauchs’ property in
Konopatzkes’ favor (1975 Easement). The 1975 Easement provided for the
“construction, maintenance, repair, and operation of the presently existing water system,
and for the installation, construction, maintenance, repair and operation of any new water
system . . . .” Konopatzkes sought an order restraining Bauchs from interfering with
Konopatzkes’ water system easement.
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¶4 In addition to the 1975 Easement, there was also an easement in Konopatzkes’
favor for a pathway traversing both properties and providing access to the lake (Pathway
Easement), and another easement in Konopatzkes’ favor for a water line that originates
on the Konopatzke property and terminates in a hose or pipe that runs into Whitefish
Lake from Bauchs’ property, near Bauchs’ dock (1957 Easement). Bauchs asked
Konopatzkes to remove this line but Konopatzkes refused.
¶5 With the assistance of a settlement master, the parties engaged in prolonged
settlement negotiations concerning the easements and exchanged numerous offers and
counter-offers. The terms of these offers and the particular language used to describe the
various easements therein were detailed by the District Court and are referenced in the
parties’ arguments on appeal. The final offer, which became the basis of the parties’
Settlement Agreement, provided for the “termination of all historical easements between
the properties.”
¶6 The Settlement Agreement was signed by the parties in June 2013 and required the
Bauchs to remove their driveway’s encroachment on Konopatzkes’ property,1 relocate
the pathway onto Bauchs’ land, and apply for a permit to bury the electrical and
waterlines on the property. Access as necessary to complete these tasks was granted.
Konopatzkes agreed to deposit $6,000 into a trust account to be released to Bauchs
following completion of the work. The Agreement further provided that Bauchs’
attorney would prepare a mutual release of claims, a stipulation of dismissal, and a
1
The Settlement Agreement acknowledged that this had already been done.
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document of “termination of all historical easements between the parties.” These
additional documents were to be signed and recorded once the contemplated work was
completed, including a Mutual Easement Termination document that detailed the agreed
termination of easements. As ultimately drafted, that document provided that “The
Easement recorded December 9, 1957 at Reception No. 7294 (water line), the Easement
recorded September 12, 1975 at Reception No. 8255 (pathway) and any unrecorded or
historical easements not listed or unknown at this time, are terminated, extinguished and
expunged.”
¶7 Konopatzkes deposited the $6,000 in trust and the contemplated work was largely
completed by Bauchs. However, when Konopatzkes received the proposed additional
documents, they refused to sign them and withdrew their deposit, complaining that the
language of the Mutual Easement Termination was very broad and could be “a problem
for our existing waterline that goes into the lake,” a reference to the 1957 Easement.
¶8 In November 2013, Bauchs formally answered Konopatzkes’ complaint, raising
affirmative defenses and counterclaiming that Konopatzkes had unlawfully failed to
complete the settlement by refusing to execute the Mutual Easement Termination.
Bauchs asked for specific performance. Konopatzkes answered Bauchs’ counterclaim by
asserting that their lack of performance was based upon the “all historic easements”
language, and that they had never intended to release any rights to the 1957 Easement.
They asserted the Agreement had been entered based upon a mutual misunderstanding of
the terms of the settlement, and asked the court to rescind the Agreement.
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¶9 Bauchs sought summary judgment seeking enforcement of the Agreement. On
September 30, 2014, the District Court issued an order granting Bauchs’ motion and
requiring Konopatzkes to complete the remaining terms of the Agreement. The court
concluded that the Agreement was not ambiguous and was enforceable. It rejected
evidence offered by Konopatzkes to demonstrate their actual intent under the parol
evidence rule, and concluded there was no mutual mistake by the parties in entering the
Agreement, reasoning “Konopatzkes offer no evidence that the phrase ‘all historical
easements’ was the result of any mutual or unilateral mistake. . . . Rather, one party
simply asserts that the agreement does not say what the party intended it to say.”
¶10 On appeal, Konopatzkes argue the Agreement’s terms are not in accordance with
the parties’ intent, noting that the District Court, despite concluding there was no mistake,
had to revise the Mutual Easement Termination to ensure that it was consistent with the
Agreement, necessarily demonstrating that there was, in fact, a mistake made by the
parties.2 They argue that the Agreement provided that their counsel had the right to
“review and edit or approve” the additional documents, but that all of their counsel’s
suggested corrections were refused. Finally, they argue the District Court improperly
held that the affidavit of their attorney, offered to demonstrate the parties’ negotiations
2
The District Court revised a reference to an incorrect easement in the Mutual Easement
Termination document, reasoning “[i]n fact, there was a mutual mistake with regard to the
easement language in the proposed Mutual Easement Termination. . . . Both parties concede this
is an error. . . . However, the error is of no moment. The language of the Settlement Agreement
is clear; there is no mistaking that the parties agreed in writing to the termination of ‘all historical
easements between them.’”
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were intended only to address the 1975 Easement and Pathway Easement, was barred by
the parol evidence rule.
¶11 Bauchs respond that Konopatzkes have improperly conflated the Settlement
Agreement and the Mutual Easement Termination, and note that the District Court
revised the language of the Mutual Easement Termination alone, not the Agreement, and
that this revision did not alter the Agreement, but enforced it consistent with the
Agreement. Bauchs note the District Court’s conclusions that the Agreement was
unambiguous, that Konopatzkes’ attorney’s right to “review and edit and approve” the
final documents did not change the fact that the parties had agreed to the material terms
of the settlement in the Agreement, and that Konopatzkes have been unable to provide
admissible evidence of either mistake or fraud.
¶12 We review orders granting summary judgment de novo. Fisher v. Swift Transp.
Co., 2008 MT 105, ¶ 12, 342 Mont. 335, 181 P.3d 601. A district court’s determination
of whether a party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law is a conclusion of law,
reviewed for correctness. Hughes v. Lynch, 2007 MT 177, ¶ 8, 338 Mont. 214, 164 P.3d
913; Cusenbary v. United States Fid. & Guar. Co., 2001 MT 261, ¶ 9, 307 Mont. 238, 37
P.3d 67.
¶13 The District Court concluded that Konopatzkes had failed to offer any objective
extrinsic evidence to show the “all historical easements” language meant something other
than its plain meaning or that it had resulted from a mistake or “mis-transmission of their
intentions.” As the court noted, the parol evidence rule prohibits the admission of
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extrinsic evidence to explain the meaning of a contract when the parties have reduced
their agreement to an unambiguous writing. Mary J. Baker Revocable Trust v. Cenex
Harvest States, Coops., Inc., 2007 MT 159, ¶ 21, 338 Mont. 41, 164 P.3d 851. However,
extrinsic evidence may be considered to determine if a contract is ambiguous, so long as
it objectively demonstrates ambiguity. Richards v. JTL Group, Inc., 2009 MT 173, ¶ 33,
350 Mont. 516, 212 P.3d 264. Here, the court noted that Konopatzkes were not asserting
the Agreement was ambiguous, but rather that their intent was to refuse to negotiate
regarding other easements. Regardless of their intentions, the Agreement was exchanged,
reviewed by legal counsel, signed by the parties, and then substantially executed.3
¶14 Konpatzkes object to Bauchs’ memorandum of costs, which was adopted by the
District Court when entering judgment. Bauchs now concede the issue and waive those
costs.
¶15 We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c) of
our Internal Operating Rules, which provides for memorandum opinions. This appeal
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Footnote #2 of the District Court’s order stated as follows:
The proposed release documents mistakenly refer to another water system
easement, recorded in 1957 (see Defs.’ Mot. Summ. J. Ex. C (1957 Easement)),
instead of the [1975 Easement]. The 1957 easement burdens both parcels and
benefits nonparties to the suit; it is therefore not an easement “between the
parties” that could be extinguished by agreement. At argument, both parties
clarified that [the] 1957 easement has nothing to do with the instant action.
This holding may or may not be inconsistent with the court’s general holding that “all historical
easements between” the parties have been terminated. However, the parties have not raised or
argued this issue. We address only those issues raised on appeal, and affirm the District Court’s
order holding that the Settlement Agreement is enforceable and ordering its performance.
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presents no constitutional issues, no issues of first impression, and does not establish new
precedent or modify existing precedent.
¶16 Affirmed.
/S/ JIM RICE
We concur:
/S/ MICHAEL E WHEAT
/S/ LAURIE McKINNON
/S/ BETH BAKER
/S/ PATRICIA COTTER
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