TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-09-00312-CV
Delta Air Lines, Inc., Appellant
v.
Susan Combs, Comptroller of Public Accounts of the State of Texas;
and Greg Abbott, Attorney General of the State of Texas, Appellees
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 200TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. D-1-GN-04-000439, HONORABLE RHONDA HURLEY, JUDGE PRESIDING
OPINION
This is a suit for a tax refund. Appellant Delta Air Lines, Inc. filed suit against
appellees Susan Combs, the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts, and Greg Abbott, the
Attorney General of Texas, for a refund of sales tax paid on purchases of janitorial and maintenance
services. The district court entered a take nothing judgment against Delta. Delta asserts that its
purchases are exempt from taxation as “sales for resale.” See Tex. Tax Code Ann. § 151.302(a)
(West 2008). We affirm the judgment of the district court.
Background
Delta conducts airline operations at the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport
and Houston’s George Bush Intercontinental Airport. To occupy terminal space at those locations,
Delta entered into lease agreements with the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport Board and the
City of Houston (collectively, the “Airports”). Under each agreement, Delta agreed to be responsible
for janitorial and maintenance services on the occupied premises.
Delta contracted with four companies for the janitorial and maintenance services
required under its agreements with the Airports. Delta paid sales tax on these transactions for the
period of February 1, 1993, through December 31, 1996.
Delta filed a claim with the Comptroller for a refund of the sales tax paid on
the amounts paid to the janitorial and maintenance service companies. The Comptroller denied
Delta’s claim. After exhausting its administrative remedies, Delta filed suit in district court on
February 13, 2004, challenging the denial of its refund claim. See id. § 112.151 (West 2008). The
parties filed competing motions for summary judgment. On May 8, 2008, the district court granted
the Comptroller’s motion for summary judgment, denied Delta’s motion for summary judgment,
and entered a take nothing judgment in favor of the Comptroller. Delta appeals.
Analysis
We review the district court’s summary judgment de novo. Joe v. Two Thirty
Nine Joint Venture, 145 S.W.3d 150, 156 (Tex. 2004). Under the “traditional” standard, a
summary judgment should be granted only when the movant establishes that there is no genuine
issue as to any material fact and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See Tex. R. Civ.
P. 166a(c); Provident Life & Accident Ins. Co. v. Knott, 128 S.W.3d 211, 215-16 (Tex. 2003).
When, as here, both parties file motions for summary judgment and the court grants one and
denies the other, we must decide all questions presented and render the judgment that the trial court
should have rendered. City of Garland v. Dallas Morning News, 22 S.W.3d 351, 356 (Tex. 2000).
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We must affirm the summary judgment if any ground presented to the district court by the
Comptroller is meritorious. Pickett v. Texas Mut. Ins. Co., 239 S.W.3d 826, 840 (Tex. App.—Austin
2007, no pet.).
Statutory exemptions from taxation are strictly construed because “they undermine
equality and uniformity by placing a greater burden on some taxpaying businesses and individuals
rather than placing the burden on all taxpayers equally.” North Alamo Water Supply Corp. v. Willacy
County Appraisal Dist., 804 S.W.2d 894, 899 (Tex. 1991). Consequently, the burden of proof for
showing that the exemption applies is on the claimant. See id. The exemption must affirmatively
appear in the statutory language, and all doubts are resolved in favor of the taxing authority and
against the claimant. See Bullock v. National Bancshares Corp., 584 S.W.2d 268, 272 (Tex. 1979).
There is no dispute that the janitorial and maintenance services at issue are
“real property services,” see Tex. Tax Code Ann. § 151.0048(a)(4) (West 2008), which are
“taxable services,” see id. § 151.0101(a)(11) (West 2008), and subject to sales tax, see id.
§§ 151.010, .051(a) (West 2008).
However, Delta contends that its purchases of such services fall within the “sale
for resale” tax exemption. The sale for resale of a taxable item is exempted from sales tax. See id.
§ 151.302(a). A sale for resale includes:
a sale of . . . a taxable service to a purchaser who acquires the . . . service for the
purpose of reselling it . . . in the normal course of business in the form or condition
in which it is acquired or as an attachment to or integral part of other tangible
personal property or taxable service.
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Id. § 151.006(a)(1) (West 2008). Delta argues that, in accordance with its agreements with the
Airports, its purchases of janitorial and maintenance services are for the purpose of reselling those
services to the Airports in the normal course of its business.
We disagree. Delta does not purchase the janitorial and maintenance services for
the purpose of resale. Delta purchases the services for the purpose of fulfilling its obligations under
its agreements with the Airports. These agreements require Delta to keep the leased premises in a
clean, orderly, and operable condition. Based on the terms of the agreements, we cannot conclude
that Delta’s fulfilling such obligation constitutes the performance of a taxable janitorial or
maintenance service for the Airports and, therefore, constitutes a sale to the Airports. See id.
§ 151.005(3) (West 2008) (defining “sale” to include “the performance of a taxable service”). The
Airports are not purchasing or acquiring janitorial, maintenance, or any related services from Delta.
They are simply leasing real property to Delta with the requirement that Delta maintain the space it
is leasing. Delta can do this however it wants within the parameters of its agreements with the
Airports. Delta’s decision to purchase janitorial and maintenance services from a third party
provider—rather than performing the services itself—does not transform its obligation under the
agreements with the Airports into a sale of janitorial and maintenance services to the Airports. Such
purchases are Delta’s chosen means of accomplishing its contractual obligations under its lease
agreements. The Airports lease terminal space to Delta. In connection with this transaction, the
agreements establish that Delta is the party responsible to ensure that those janitorial and
maintenance services that are required to keep the leased premises clean, orderly, and operable are,
in fact, performed. This is not a sale of janitorial and maintenance services to the Airports, and
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therefore, Delta’s purchase of janitorial and maintenance services under these circumstances is not
a sale for resale.
We affirm the judgment of the district court.
__________________________________________
G. Alan Waldrop, Justice
Before Chief Justice Jones, Justices Waldrop and Henson
Affirmed
Filed: August 3, 2010
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