J-S21010-15
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
RAFAEL GARCIA,
Appellant No. 3569 EDA 2013
Appeal from the PCRA Order December 12, 2013
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0804021-2005, CP-51-CR-0804041-
2005, CP-51-CR-0804051-2005, CP-51-CR-0807401-2005
BEFORE: BOWES, JENKINS, and PLATT,* JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.: FILED SEPTEMBER 16, 2015
Rafael Garcia appeals pro se from the December 12, 2013 order
denying him PCRA relief at four different criminal action numbers. We
affirm.
Appellant, Carlos Garcia (“Carlos”), and Luis DeJesus operated a
residential burglary ring in Northeast Philadelphia from 2001 to 2004. Gene
McFadden was recruited into the criminal enterprise in August 2004, and the
co-conspirators started to burglarize commercial properties, including a
federal post office. As to the home burglaries:
Typically, one of the conspirators would knock on the front
door of a home; if no one answered, another would become a
lookout while the others entered the home. They broke
windows, smashed doors and disabled alarm systems by
disconnecting electric and phone lines. [Appellant, Carlos, and
DeJesus] stole jewelry, cash, cable boxes and other electronics.
They stole DVD players, guns, laptops and collectibles. The
*
Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S21010-15
stolen goods were put into duffel bags, suitcases and pillow
cases found inside the burglarized property. The contraband was
then stashed at a house belonging to [Appellant’s] sister, Jocelyn
Garcia. This residence, located at 6119 Edmund Street in
Philadelphia, served as de facto headquarters for the ring.
Trial Court Opinion, 9/22/14, at 1-2.
While the burglary ring was operating, Appellant had a room at
Jocelyn’s home on 6119 Edmund Street, where Carlos and DeJesus also
lived intermittently. Jocelyn testified that Appellant locked his room.
Appellant also had a separate residence in an apartment located on 2100
Tremont Street, Philadelphia.
Police discovered the perpetrators of the string of burglaries through
the help of William Linehauser. As noted, until August 2004, Appellant,
Carlos, and DeJesus targeted homes. That month, they asked McFadden to
help them expand their burglary activities to commercial and governmental
properties. McFadden was knowledgeable about how to successfully break
into those establishments. McFadden planned and helped execute a
burglary that transpired on August 22, 2004 at Wissinoming Post Office
located at 5916 Torresdale Avenue. McFadden recruited Linehauser to help
in the burglary. During that crime, Appellant, Carlos, DeJesus, McFadden
and Linehauser stole an electric stamp meter, $350, and a postal money
order worth $100. Police arrested Linehauser on August 30, 2004, after he
cashed that money order. Linehauser admitted that he helped with the
August 22, 2004 crime, and he agreed to wear a recording device.
-2-
J-S21010-15
In discussions occurring between September 28, 2004, and October 5,
2004, Appellant was taped planning a burglary at Tacony Beer Distributor
located at 7829 Torresdale Avenue, with Carlos, DeJesus, McFadden, and
Linehauser. After the other criminals became suspicious of Linehauser, he
ceased wearing the recording device. On October 20, 2004, McFadden sold
Linehauser some tools using pre-recorded money from the Philadelphia
police. Those tools were then connected to a previously-reported residential
burglary, and the owner of the tools, John Ferry, identified them as his
stolen property.
On October 25, 2004, Appellant, Carlos, and McFadden burglarized the
Tacony Beer Distributor but did not ask for Linehauser’s assistance with this
crime. They stole an ATM machine, cigarettes, between $5,000 and $6,000
in cash, and reams of scratch-off lottery tickets. Carlos’ girlfriend, Tania
Eckert, testified that during the night of October 25, 2004, she observed
Carlos and McFadden carrying a large object and Appellant carrying a box of
lottery tickets into 6119 Edmund Street. She later observed Appellant and
his cohorts pry open an ATM with a screwdriver and crowbar.
After the burglary at Tacony Beer Distributor, police secured search
warrants for 6119 Edmund Street, Appellant’s Tremont Street apartment,
and cars owned by Appellant and Eckert. The search warrants were
premised upon information obtained from the recordings made by
Linehauser. At 6119 Edmund Street, police discovered the ATM stolen on
-3-
J-S21010-15
October 25, 2004, together with lottery tickets, artwork, large amounts of
jewelry and electronics, and drivers’ licenses and credit cards belonging to
burglary victims. At the Edmund Street location, police also found safes
stolen during a September 14, 2004 burglary of Yordy’s Deli, which was
located at Torresdale Avenue. The safes contained $10,000 in cash when
taken.
Appellant’s Edmund Street bedroom “was packed from floor to ceiling
with stolen goods; some of the items even had the original owner’s name on
them.” Id. at 4. Ironically, one of the Philadelphia police detectives who
participated in the execution of the search warrant found items stolen during
a burglary of her home. Police also found stolen goods in Appellant’s
apartment at 2100 Tremont Street. Victims of the burglaries were able to
identify items as stolen from their homes or businesses. The items seized
from 6119 Edmund Street and Appellant’s Tremont Street apartment
implicated Appellant in the commission of thirty-seven burglaries.
On October 26, 2004, police stopped Eckert while she was driving her
car. Carlos was her passenger, and police recovered in Eckert’s vehicle a
bag containing drivers’ licenses and materials belonging to various burglary
victims. Eckert and Carlos were arrested and agreed to cooperate with
police. Carlos told police that he and Appellant had committed more than
thirty burglaries since 2001, and he drove around pointing out some of their
targets.
-4-
J-S21010-15
On October 28, 2004, Appellant was arrested outside 2100 Tremont
Street. After waiving his Miranda rights, Appellant confessed to
participating in the September 14, 2004 burglary of Yordy’s Deli and the
October 25, 2004 burglary of Tacony Beer Distributor. He also admitted to
committing six reported residential burglaries in Northeast Philadelphia.
After executing a written confession, Appellant rode with a police detective
and identified properties that he and his accomplices had burglarized.
Four criminal actions were filed against Appellant charging him with a
myriad of crimes. Appellant filed a pre-trial motion to suppress his
confession and claimed that he told his arresting officers to call his lawyer,
Ronald Abel. The police officers involved in Appellant’s apprehension and
questioning denied that Appellant invoked his right to counsel. The motion
to suppress was denied.
The matter proceeded to a jury trial, where, on March 7, 2006, Appellant
was convicted of thirty-seven counts each of burglary and receiving stolen
property and one count each of corrupt organizations and conspiracy. On
May 23, 2006, Appellant, who had a prior record score of three, was
sentenced to thirty-five to seventy years imprisonment. We affirmed on
direct appeal, Commonwealth v. Garcia, 976 A.2d 1202 (Pa.Super. 2009)
(unpublished memorandum), and allowance of appeal was denied on
October 27, 2009. Commonwealth v. Garcia, 982 A.2d 1227 (Pa. 2009).
-5-
J-S21010-15
Appellant filed a timely pro se PCRA petition on April 19, 2010, counsel
was appointed, and counsel filed an amended PCRA petition as well as three
supplemental PCRA petitions. After the PCRA court issued a Pa.R.Crim.P.
907 notice of its intent to deny the pending petitions without a hearing,
counsel moved to withdraw. Appellant then responded to the Pa.R.Crim.P.
907 notice and raised allegations of PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness.
Appellant’s request for PCRA relief was denied on December 12, 2013, and
PCRA counsel filed the present appeal. PCRA counsel then asked for a
remand of this matter as Appellant had expressed a desire to represent
himself. We remanded and retained jurisdiction, and the court conducted
the requisite colloquy pursuant to Commonwealth v Grazier, 713 A.2d 81
(Pa. 1998). The PCRA court then allowed Appellant to proceed pro se.
Appellant’s brief, which is seventy pages in length and does not contain
the certification required by Pa.R.A.P. 2135,1 contains the following issues:
____________________________________________
1
That rule states:
(1) A principal brief shall not exceed 14,000 words and a reply
brief shall not exceed 7,000 words, except as stated in
subparagraphs (a)(2)-(4). A party shall file a certificate of
compliance with the word count limit if the principal brief is
longer than 30 pages or the reply brief is longer than 15 pages
when prepared on a word processor or typewriter.
Pa.R.A.P. 2135(1).
-6-
J-S21010-15
I. Was trial counsel ineffective in failing to call Melinda Lugo and
Ron Able, Esq. at the suppression hearing, and did the PCRA
court erred [sic] in concluding that this issue was harmless error
and did not warrant evidentiary hearing?
II. Was trial counsel ineffective in failing to file post-sentence
motion challenging discretionary aspect of Appellant's sentence,
and did PCRA court erred [sic] in concluding that this issue was
waived & did not warrant evidentiary hearing?
III. Was appellate counsel ineffective in failing to raise preserved
issue of the trial court's refusal to give accomplice charge to jury
regarding Tania Eckert, and did PCRA court erred [sic] in
concluding that the charge was not supported by record and
harmless error?
IV. Was PCRA counsel ineffective in failing to raise appellant's
originally filed pro-se claim of trial counsel's ineffectiveness re:
failure to object and raise in post-verdict motion issues of
multiple prosecutorial misconducts, and did the PCRA court erred
[sic] in concluding that PCRA counsel had reasonable basis not to
raise this issue because misconducts were harmless error?
V. Was PCRA counsel ineffective in failing to raise Appellant's
originally filed pro-se claim of trial counsel's ineffectiveness re:
failure to object and request factual element be included in
inadequate instructions for conspiracy with multiple criminal
objectives, and did the PCRA court erred [sic] in concluding that
this issue had been previously litigated?
VI. Was PCRA counsel ineffective in failing to raise Appellant's
originally filed pro-se claim of trial counsel's ineffectiveness re:
failure to memorialize and declare the contents of Yamelyn
Lugo's testimony at the suppression hearing, and did PCRA court
erred [sic] in concluding that this issue was waived?
VII. Was PCRA counsel ineffective in failing to raise Appellant's
originally filed claim of trial counsel's overall deficient
performance in cumulation [sic], and did the PCRA court erred
[sic] in concluding that this issue was meritless?
-7-
J-S21010-15
Appellant’s brief at 4-5.
Initially, we outline the applicable principles regarding our review of
the PCRA court’s determinations herein:
An appellate court reviews the PCRA court's findings of fact to
determine whether they are supported by the record, and reviews
its conclusions of law to determine whether they are free from
legal error. The scope of review is limited to the findings of the
PCRA court and the evidence of record, viewed in the light most
favorable to the prevailing party at the trial level.
Commonwealth v. Freeland, 106 A.3d 768, 775 (Pa.Super. 2014)
(citation omitted).
Appellant’s averments pertain to allegations that he received
ineffective assistance from prior counsel. Appellant bears a heavy burden in
this respect since counsel “is presumed effective, and to rebut that
presumption, the PCRA petitioner must demonstrate that counsel's
performance was deficient and that such deficiency prejudiced him.” Id.
(citation omitted). There is a three-part test for proving counsel’s
ineffectiveness:
To establish trial counsel's ineffectiveness, a petitioner
must demonstrate: (1) the underlying claim has arguable merit;
(2) counsel had no reasonable basis for the course of action or
inaction chosen; and (3) counsel's action or inaction prejudiced
the petitioner. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668,
104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984); Commonwealth v.
Pierce, 515 Pa. 153, 527 A.2d 973 (1987).
-8-
J-S21010-15
Id. (citation omitted). “Counsel's assistance is deemed constitutionally
effective once this Court determines that the defendant has not established
any one of the prongs of the ineffectiveness test.” Id. (citation omitted;
emphasis in original).
We have carefully reviewed the applicable facts and law and the
allegations in the brief. We affirm the denial of PCRA relief on the basis of
the comprehensive assessment of Appellant’s claims outlined in the
September 22, 2014 opinion authored by the Honorable Ramy I. Djerassi.
We note that, to the extent that Judge Djerassi considered any issue waived
or previously litigated, he also proceeded to address the issue on the merits.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 9/16/2015
-9-
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
;.
..
~-
IN THE COURT OF COM1\10N PLEAS OF PillLADELPHIA COUNTY
FIRST .ITJDICIAL DISTRICT
CRIMINAL TRIAL DIVISION
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania r~
J) -~
·-~
CP-51-CR-0804041-2~ [<,J,It .
CP-51-CR-0804042-200fl~ . '7/(
v. CP-51-CR-0807401-2005 -~"
CP-51-CR-0804051-2005 . ~4'
Rafael .Carcia
. J; DJERASSI September 22, 2014
OPINION
Between 2001 and 2004, a burglary ring traumatized Northeast Philadelphia and
victimized over thirty family homes and businesses. Defendant Rafael Garcia was a major
:f)ru:ticipant. Acting with search warrants, police seized hundreds of stolen items from these
crimes inside residential premises occupied and used by Rafael Garcia. He was essentially
caught with the goods.
After a month-long jury trial in February and March 2006 before the late Honorable
Thomas E. Dempsey, Garcia was convicted of 37 counts of burglary and theft by receiving
stolen property, one count of corrupt organizations, and one count of criminal conspiracy. He
was sentenced to an aggregate 35 to 70 years in state.prison.
Availing himself of another step in the review process, Rafael Garcia appeals from the
· dismissal of an Amended PCRA Petition. He raises seventeen claims; none have merit.
I. BACKGROUND
Along with Carlos Garcia and Luis DeJesus, Rafael Garcia operated a burglary ring
. whose crimes shared common characteristics between 2001 and 2004. Typically, one of the
conspirators would knock on the front door of a home; if no one answered, another would
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
· become a lookout while the others entered the home. They broke windows, smashed doors and
disabled alarm systems by disconnecting electric and phone lines. The Garcia's and Dejesus
stole jewelry, cash, cable boxes and other electronics. They stole DVD players, guns, laptops
and collectibles, The stolen goods were put into duffel bags, suitcases and pillow cases found
inside the burglarized property. The contraband was then stashed at a house belonging to
Defendant Rafael Garcia's sister, Jocelyn Garcia. This residence, located at 6119 Edmund Street
· . in Philadelphia, served as de facto .headquarters for the ring.
During a three year conspiracy, Defendant Rafael Garcia kept a room for himself at his
. ·.·sister's home, and Carlos Garcia and Luis DeJesus lived there intermittently .1 Rafael Garcia also
had a separate residential apartment at 2100 Tremont Street. Stolen goods were seized at both.
locations.
In early August 2004, Gene McFadden (((McFadden'') was recruited by conspirators, the
Garcia's and Luis De.Iesus, to take part in the burglary ring's operations. The group wanted to . _
expand their illegal activities to commercial and government properties, McFadden apparently
had relevant skills.
One of McFadden's first acts as a participant was to plan a burglary at the Wissinoming
Post Office at 5916 Torresdale Avenue in Philadelphia. McFadden asked William Linehauser to.
help him, the Garcia's and DeJesus on this job. On August 23, 2004, Carlos Garcia's girlfriend,
Taina Eckert, drove Carlos to the 5900 block ofTorresdale Avenue. Following Carlos's
· instructions, she drove away, but not before seeing Carlos standing with several other men
outside the Wissinoming Post Office. The next morning, postal clerk Leonard Jromanowski
-1·_carlos Garcia is Rafael Garcia's cousin, and Luis DeJesus is the boyfriend of Jocelyn Garcia, Rafael Garcia's
sister. ·
2
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
discovered the building had been burglarized. An electric stamp meter, $350 in cash, and a postal
-, · money order for $100 were missing .
. On August 30, 2004, Philadelphia police arrested William Linehauser after he cashed the
· st9l~~,p~stal money order. Linehauser quickly admitted that he had helped Carlos Garcia and
· • Mcf'adden break into the Wissinoming Post Office, and he agreed to wear a recording device in
· · . cooperation with Philadelphia's ongoing investigation of Defendant and his
·. accomplices/conspirators. .
On September 14, 2004, Defendant Rafael Garcia and several of the others broke into
Yordy'sDeli at 5932 Torresdale Avenue in Philadelphia. They removed two safes containing
· $)0.~000 in cash, as well as beer, cigarettes and scratch-off Pennsylvania lottery tickets. An
. alami system was dismantled, and phone lines were cut.
After the Yordy's Deli burglary, Linehauser began wearing a wire to meetings with the·
other members of the burglary ring. Beginning 011 September 28, 2004 through October 5, 2004;.
Philadelphia police listened-in on discussions among Rafael Garcia, Carlos Garcia, DeJesus, and
Mcf'adden as they planned a burglary of the Tacony Beer Distributor located at 7829 Torresdale
. Avenue. After October 5, the other conspirators became suspicious of Linehauser who then·
stoppedwearing.the wire. However, McFadden sold Linehauser some stolen tools on October
20; 2004, and Linehauser paid for these tools using marked money provided by police. The·
stolen tools Linehauser bought from McFadden were then brought to Major Crimes, and police
connected these tools to an earlier Northeast Philadelphia burglary report, Police asked the
owner of the tools, a man named John Ferry, to come in, and Ferry identified the tools as taken in
a home burglary he had reported.
3
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
On October 25, 2004, Carlos Garcia, Defendant Rafael Garcia, and McFadden carried out
the.Tacony Beer Distributor burglary. Linehauser was not with them. According to court
testimony from Carlos Garcia's girlfriend, Taina Eckert, Carlos and DeJesus left 6119 Edmund
-Street before this burglary. Eckert was spending the night at 6119 Edmund Street when she was
woken by a loud bang. Looking out a window, she saw her boyfriend Carlos Garcia and
Mcf'adden carrying a large object into 6119 Edmund Street. She also saw Rafael Garcia with
.themcarrying a box of lottery tickets into the house. Later, she saw Rafael Garcia and
· conspirators prying open an ATM with a screwdriver and a crowbar.
The next morning, October 26, 2004, the owner of Tacony Beer Distributor reported
that his A1M was stolen along with large quantities of cigarettes, reams of scratch-off lottery
tickets and between $5000 and $6000 in cash.
Based on information heard through the wire worn by Linehauser, police quickly
prepared search warrants that day for 6119 Edmund Street, 2100 Tremont Street, 6125
Torresdale A venue and cars used by Rafael Garcia and Taina Eckert,
· Philadelphia police Sgt. Delgrippo, Det. Brennan, Det. Mary Jane Pe11'y, and uniformed
officers searched 6119 Edmund Street, They found the stolen ATM from Tacony Beer, safes
from Yordy's Deli, lottery tickets, suitcases, artwork, large quantities of jewelry and electronics,
four cable boxes, and driver's licenses and credit cards belonging to reported burglary
complainants. Rafael Garcia's locked rear room at 6119 Edmund Street was packed from floor to
ceiling with stolen goods; some of the items even had the original owner's name on them.
Incredible but true, Det. Perry came across stolen items from a burglary of her own house a few
months earlier.
4
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
Executing a search warrant for Rafael Garcia's apartment at 2100 Tremont Street> police·
. again recovered items identified as stolen property, These included costume jewelry> precious
· Jewelry and an Xbox, In a separate search at Gene McFadden's home at 6125 Torresdale
Avenue; police recovered toolsand a police scanner also identified as stolen.
·, · Bearing a warrant on October 26, 2004, police stopped Taina Eckert while driving her·
: .car .. Carlos Garcia was with her in the front passenger seat. Inside the car, police found a black
: bag-that contained driver's licenses and other identification paperwork of burglary victims. Both
Eckert arid Carlos Garcia were brought to the police station where they waived Miranda rights
arid decided to cooperate with the police investigation of the burglary ring.
Understanding that police had already confiscated stolen booty from 6119 Edmund
Street; Carlos Garcia helped police identify the location of many of the burglary ring's targets.
-Initially; he admitted participation only in the Wissinoming Post Office job and two residences>
but he eventually admitted to taking part in many more, including Yordy' s Deli and thirteen.
'homes. Later that same day, Philadelphia police Detective Wilson drove Carlos Garcia
throughout Northeast Philadelphia, and he identified even more properties that were burglarized
by Rafael Garcia and the conspirators.
As described earlier, Taina Eckert told police that on the night of August 23, 2004, Carlos
Garcia asked her to drive him to the corner next to the Wissinoming Post Office. She did not
know why he-wanted to go there, but after about five minutes he returned to her car and told her
to drive home. While leaving, she drove past the post office and noticed Carlos Garcia with
other men, who she could not identify at the time, standing across the street from the post office.
Later-she learned that Carlos Garcia had participated in burglarizing the post office, and the
news caused an argument with her boyfriend.
5
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
Eckert also told police that that in September 2004, she drove Carlos Garcia and
Mcfadden to several residences over the course of one evening. She said she did not know why
thesestops were made but she confirmed that on several occasions, Carlos Garcia and McFadden
returned with large·black duffel bags. McFadden put these into the back seat. She said she did
not know what was in the bags and never looked inside them.
Eckert testified at trial that on October 24, 2006, she noticed Carlos, Rafael Garcia and
Delesus leaving 6119 Edmund Street and then fell asleep on the living room couch. She was
awoken by a loud bang and saw Carlos and McFadden bringing a large object into the house and
Defendant carrying a large box of lottery tickets. She woke up again and saw Defendant, Carlos,
Delesus, and McFadden breaking into an ATM with a crowbar in the kitchen, and the next
·. morning, she noticed that the ATM had been pried open. She stated that she did not report them
to the police because she was scared and that she was not involved in any of the burglaries.
On October 28, 2004, Defendant Rafael Garcia was arrested outside of 2100 Tremont·
Street At the police district, he waived his Miranda rights and confessed to being part of a
Northeast Philadelphia burglary ring since 2001. Defendant specifically confessed to taking part
in the burglaries at Yordy' s Deli, the Tacony Beer Distributor and seven homes.
On November 17, 2004, Carlos Garcia was again driven through Northeast Philadelphia
and identified three more properties that had been burglarized by Rafael Garcia, Carlos and the
others. He again waived Miranda rights before driving through the Northeast pointing out
burglary targets. Overall, Carlos Garcia confirmed that he and Rafael Garcia had taken part in
more than thirty burglaries since 2001. ·
· , On December. 16 and I 7, 2004, Philadelphia police invited burglary victims from
Northeast Philadelphia to inspect all the goods seized from residential properties associated with
6
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
(·
this burglary ring. There were two public showings. Victims who identified their own stolen
property were interviewed by police who linked the property to unsolved burglary cases. Based
on the information gathered from the two showings, new arrest affidavits were prepared and
···:these were included in the consolidated bills filed against Defendant.
. · · II.. PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On January 30, 2006, the Honorable Thomas E. Dempsey held a suppression hearing
regarding Defendant's October 28., 2004, confession. The motion was denied the next day,
January 31, 2006.
Then, Defendant and co-defendants were tried by jury before Judge Dempsey beginning .
on February 3, 2006. Defendant was charged with one count of RICO, one count of conspiracy,
54 counts of burglary, and 56 counts of receiving stolen property. On March 7, 2006, following
four weeks of testimony, the jury convicted Defendant on 37 counts of burglary and receiving
stolen property, one count of RJCO, and one count of conspiracy. Defendant was sentenced to'
an aggregate term of 3 5 to 70 years of imprisonment. Janine Vinci, Esq. was defense counsel.
Defendant filed a direct appeal challenging sufficiency of the evidence, but the Superior
Court 'affirmed the judgment of sentence on May 11, 2009. The Supreme Court denied allocator
on October 27, 2009. Mitchell Strutin, Esq. was appellate counsel.
Defendant filed a prose PCRA petition on April 19, 2010 and an amended petition Was·
filed byappointed counsel. This court dismissed the petition without a hearing on December 12,
2013. · Defendant fifed a timely appeal. John Cotter, Esq. was PCRA counsel.
At the direction of the Superior Court, the PCRA Court held a Grazier hearing on March
- .
. 20, 2014, and Defendant was permitted to proceed prose on appeal. By leave of court,
. Defendant filed a pro se l 925(b) Statement.
7
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
HL STATEMENT OF.EVIDENCE
1. Testimony at the Suppression Hearing
Detective Thomas Wilson and Defendant testified at the suppression hearing.
Detective Wilson testified that on October 28, 2004, he took a statement from Defendant Rafael.:
Garcia after he was read his Miranda rights and waived them. Defendant admitted that he drove
. himselfand his co-defendants to the Tacony Beverage Beer Distributor and acted as the lookout
.· when Carlos Garcia and Luis DeJ esus broke into the beer distributor. Stolen items included
scratch-off Pennsylvania lottery tickets, an ATM, cigarettes, and beer. The contraband was
· .. .taken back to 6119 Edmund Street where the three men drank the beer and removed $2800 in
cash from the A TM.
According to Det. Wilson, ~efendant admitted that he was a look-out during the Yordy' s
.. Deli-burglary while Carlos Garcia and DeJesus entered the building and stole two safes,
cigarettes, and beer. Defendant took part with the others in prying open the safes with a
Screwdriver and taking more than $4000 in cash. Defendant also told Det. Wilson that he was a
lookout'andthen entered burglarized homes with conspirators at 1936 Lodge Street, 9232
Torresdale Avenue, 11609 Gifford Road, 1801 Rhawn.Street, 1835 Lott Street, and 9993
Haldeman Avenue - all in Northeast Philadelphia.
After signing ,.a written confession, Defendant agreed to ride with Detective Wilson-
through the Northeast toidentify properties that he and his co-conspirators had burglarized.
On cross examination, Detective Wilson denied that Defendant asked for a lawyer before
. .
signing his written statement and before riding through Northeast Philadelphia identifying places
hehadburglarized. Detective Wilson also denied that Defendant had specifically asked for Ron :
Abel, Esq.
8
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
Testifying at the suppression hearing, Rafael Garcia said he had asked for Mr. Abel as
soonashe was arrested outside 2100 Tremont Street on· October 28, 2004. Defendant claimed ·
· that Detective Brennan told him that if he did not admit to committing the burglaries, police
. · would arrest-his wife and charge her with an unspecified crime. He claimed his entire written
. statement was coerced and denied being given Miranda warnings. He also denied being offered
food anddrink while in custodial interrogation, Despite previous experience giving statements
.topolice and.having been given Miranda warnings before, Rafael Garcia claimed he had no idea
· .- :. that waiving his Miranda rights could mean his statements could be used against him.
2. Testimony Offered by Affidavit at PCRA for Suppression Hearing Claim
. As part of his Amended PCRA petition, Rafael Garcia offers three affidavits that he
claims should have been considered by Judge Dempsey at the suppression hearing. These
affidavits ate proffers of PCRA testimony involving Yamelyn Lugo, Melinda Lugo, and Ronald·
A.bef, Esq. Defendant argues that trial counsel Janine Vinci, Esq. was ineffective for not calling·
these witnesses at the suppression hearing.
Defendant's wife, Yamelyn Lugo, had been scheduled to testify at the suppression
hearing but she was withdrawn by defense counsel after discussion on the record. It was
determined that Yamelyn Lugo was offering cumulative testimony claiming that Defendant was
threatened with her arrest by police.
Yamelyn Lugo's signed Affidavit included proffers for other claims, too: that she heard
. her husband ask Det. Brennan to speak to Mr. Abel, that Det. Brennan had promised her that
Abel would meet them at. police headquarters and that she herself was arrested on suspicion of
being involved in her husband's burglaries.
9
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
Melinda Lugo also did not testify at the suppression hearing. She signed an Affidavit
with claims similar to those of Yamelyn Lugo. She claims that she overheard Defendant tell Det. ·
· · Brennanthat he wanted Ron Abel, Esq. contacted.
In his Affidavit, Ron Abel, Esq. stated that he was never contacted by anyone regarding ·
Defendant's statements to police.
IV. CLAIMS ON APPEAL
Defendant brings the following claims on appeal.
A. Ineffective Assistance Of Counsel Claims Arising Froni Suppression Hearing
Litigation
. Defendant raises five claims of ineffective assistance of counsel arising from the
suppression hearing on January 30, 2006. Defendant claims that trialcounsel was ineffective for
. failing to call Yamelyn Lugo, Melinda Lugo, and Ronald Abel, Esq. to testify at the hearing.
Defendant then claims that appellate counsel was ineffective for not appealing two
.. claimed errors by the trial court: (1) excluding the above-mentioned witnesses and (2) denying
Defendant's suppression motion.
Defendant then raises two more claims - that PCRA counsel was ineffective by not
( (liii;31i',{l ' '
· wawmgtrial counsel's ineffectiveness by: (1) failing to call the three above-mentioned witnesses
' '
.and (2) by failing to memorialize the proffered testimony of his wife, Y amelyn Lugo.
Proceeding directly to the merits and leaving the Commonwealth to articulate any waiver
or eligibility issues, this Court finds that even if ineffective assistance of counsel were proven,
Raf~el Garcia cannot show prejudice. Overwhelming evidence established both probable cause
forhis airest and guilt beyond reasonable doubt on racketeering, conspiracy and dozens of
substantive- burglary and theft offenses. Any error based on voluntariness of Rafael Garcia's
statement on October 26, 2004, is harmless, because there is no reasonable probability that the
10
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
·'
Jury's verdict would have been different but for trial counsel ineffectiveness causing denial of his
·. suppression motions. Com. v. Kimball, 724 A.2d 326 (Pa. 1999). This includes all questions
regarding whether Rafael Garcia requested the services of Ron Abel, Esq. after his October 28,
2004, arrest and his general claim that police threatened to arrest his wife if he did not confess ..
Police seized l 04 stolen items from Defendant Rafael Garcia's locked bedroom inside
611.9-Ednrnnd Street, and the Commonwealth published these items to the jury at trial. Some of
the seized property had their owners' names on them, including Dorothy Miller's suitcase,
Officer Klosz's police nameplate and cable boxes stolen from the homes of burglary
complainants Mary Ayasgal and John Robinson. Defendant's sister, Jocelyn Garcia who lived.at
6119 Edmund Street, testified that a rear bedroom at 6119 Edmund Street was her brother's and
. that he kept the room locked. She testified that Defendant was the only person who had access to
the room. This testimony was confirmed at trial by Taina Eckert, Carlos Garcia's girlfriend.
(N.T; 21_14/06, p. 16-17, 20, 21, 65-66). Adding to the overwhelming weight of evidence against
Defendant was more stolen property seized at Defendant's apartment at 2100 Tremont Street.
This included two Xboxes belonging to complainants Alex Pozdynakov and Joanne Yerkov, a
DVD/yHs player belonging to Norma Morales, and a watch belonging to Dorothy Bathe whose
pin-collection was recovered from 6119 Edmund Street.
Even as overwhelming evidence renders Judge Dempsey's suppression decisions moot,
record review shows that he was reasonable in disbelieving Defendant's claim that he was
coerced to confess; Detective Wilson testified at.the suppression hearing that he was present at
RafaelGarcia's arrest on October 28, 2004, and took his written statement. He told Judge
Dempsey that Rafael Garcia did not ask for an attorney, and he gave Miranda warnings before
11
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
· questioning him. He testified the signed waivers 011 Rafael Garcia's written statements were
freely made.
Even if all three witnesses h~d testified in the manner Defendant now claims by affidavit,
: again; there is no likelihood the outcome of the trial would have been different. Significantly,
·. Defendant admitted to only eight burglaries in his statement but the physical evidence used
against him from 6119 Edmund Street and 2100 Tremont Street implicated him directly in thirty-
. seven-burglaries and thefts .
. : Generally, to prove ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must prove: (1) his.
underlying claim is of arguable merit; (2) counsel's performance lacked a reasonable basis; and
.(3) counsel's action or inaction caused him prejudice. Com. v. Pierce, 527 A.2d 973, 975-77 (Pa.
1987). Counsel is 1~ot ineffective for deciding against calling a witness unless a defendant
.establishes both the Pierce requirements and the following: (1) the witness existed; (2) the
witness was available to testify for the defense; (3) counsel knew or should have known of the ·
. existence of the witness; (4) the witness was willing to testify for the defense; and (5) the
absenceof the witness's testimony was so prejudicial as to have denied him a fair trial. Com. v.
Wright, 961 A.2d 119, 155 (Pa. 2008).
1. Appellate collllsel was not ine{fective for deciding not to appeal Judge Dempsey's
ruling that the cumulative testimony of Yamelyn Lugo was precluded at the
suppression hearing.
Defendant claims appellate counsel Mitchell Strutin, Esq. was ineffective for deciding
.not.to appeal Judge Dempsey's ruling precluding testimony by Defendant's wife, Yamelyn
Lugo, at the· suppression hearing. According to the proffer at the suppression hearing itself,
Yamelyn Lugo was prepared to testify that police had "induced" her to call her husband at his
jobto try to get him to go voluntarily to the local police district for questioning. As her proffered
12
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
. ' '
'. testimony was irrelevant to whether he had been denied his right to counsel at the time he
confessed, this issue wa~ not grounds for appeal on the record that Mr. Strutin had at the time he
was appellate counsel.
2. Defendant has waived an ineffective assistance claim that PCRA counsel should
have preserved an argument that trial counsel was ineffective for not preserving
Y amelyn Lugo' s proffered suppression testimony on the record.
Defendant also argues that PCRA counsel was ineffective for not claiming that trial
counsel should have somehow memorialized Yamelyn Luge's proffered pretrial suppression
"testimony, Given that Defendant has never submitted a pretrial written statement from Ms. Lugo,
- - thisclaim is waived under 42 Pa. C.S. Sec. 9545 (d)(l) ("Where a petitioner requests an
•. evidentiary hearing, the petitioner. .. shall include any documents material to that witness, s
testimony). Even in response to this Court's Rule 907 Notice of Intent to Dismiss, Defendant
· has- never submitted such a written statement.
This claim also fails, because as discussed supra, the proffer on record did not state an
issue material to the voluntariness of Defendant's custodial statements.
3. PCRA counsel was not ineffective for not raising trial counsel's decision not to
call witnesses Y amelyn Lugo Garcia, Melinda Lugo, or Ronald Abel, Esq: at the
suppression hearing.
Defendant repetitively claims that PCRA counsel was ineffective for not raising trial
'counsel's ineffectiveness at the suppression hearing. As discussed supra, assuming the proffered
· testimony of Y amelyn Lugo, Melinda Lugo, and Ronald Abel, Esq. were admissible in their
entirety, their absence at the suppression hearing did not prejudice Defendant because the
.: evidence presented against him at trial was overwhelming. Even if Defendant's confession had
been suppressed on grounds of involuntariness, there is no reasonable probability that the
13
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
outcome of the proceeding would have been different but for counsel error. See Com. v. Keaton;
45. A.2d 1050, 1061 (Pa. 2012) citing Kimball, supra.
4. Appellate defense counsel was not ineffective by not raising the meritless issue of
the trial court's denial of Defendant's suppression motion.
Along the same lines, Defendant naturally claims that appellate counsel Mitchell Strutin,
Esq. was ineffective because he did not appeal the trial court's denial of the suppression motion .
. For all the reasons already discussed, this claim fails. The suppression motion was properly
·. decid~d basedon the evidence before Judge Dempsey. Even if Defendant's written statement
· was: involuntary and inadmissible, there is no- prejudice to the Defendant because overwhelming
evidence makes a change in outcome improbable.
5. This court pi"operly denied a new trial.
Finally, Defendant has asked for a new trial on general grounds. For reasons already
explained relating to the suppression hearing, this is rejected.
If, however, Defendant is asking for a new trial based on weight of evidence, we note a
new trial should be granted only when the verdict is against the clear weight of evidence or there
isaserious injustice in the judicial process. Austin v. Ridge, 255 A.2d 123, 125 (Pa. 1969); see
a/so Harman v. Borah, 7 56 A.2d 1116, 1122 (Pa. 2000).
Defendant seems to be suggesting that his verdicts would have been against the weight
of the evidence if only his confession had been suppressed. This is wishful thinking, as he was
caught red-handed with over a hundred identified stolen items in his possession. Coupled with
· wired conversations directly implicating him in racketeering and conspiracy along with
corroborating evidence from many other sources, there is no injustice and no cause for retrial.'
14
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
B, Claims Arising From Sentencing
Defendant raises two sentencing claims.
l. Trial defense counsel was not ineffective at sentencing.
Rafael Garcia argues trial counsel was ineffective when she did not file a motion to
reconsider.sentence, causing waiver of discretionary review. He argues the sentencing court did
: noftakehis individual needs into account and abused its discretion by making certain sentences
consecutive to others and sentencing outside sentencing guidelines on certain counts.
\
At the outset, Defendant's sentencing issues are again waived, this time because he
.. offered no proffer to this PCRA Court that he had requested that trial counsel file a motion to
reconsider sentence.
Viewed on the merits, plain reading of the sentencing transcripts shows Judge Dempsey
proceeded thoughtfully and fairly. He explained his reasoning, which is balanced between
Defendant's individual history, his prospects for rehabilitation, and the terrific harm he inflicted
on Northeast Philadelphia. These were brazen offenses affecting dozens of families over three
years.
On appeal, a trial court's sentence stands unless thereis an abuse of discretion. Com. v:
Griffin; 804 A.2d 1, 7 (Pa. Super. 2002). «An abuse of discretion is more than just an error in
. .
judgment; and on appeal, the trial court will not be found to have abused its discretion unless the
record discloses that the judgment exercised was manifestly unreasonable or the result of
partiality, bias or ill-will." Com. v. Reynolds, 835 A.2d 720, 732 (Pa. Super. 2003). As long as
its reasons are stated on the record, a sentencing court may deviate from guidelines to take into
account «the protection of the public, the rehabilitative needs of the defendant, and the gravity of ·
15
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
the particular offenses as it relates to the impact on the life of the victim and the community."
· Com. v. Tirado, 870 A.2d 362, 366 (Pa. Super. 2005).
On CP-5 l-CR-0804021-2005, Garcia was sentenced to ten to twenty years imprisonment
forburglary and to a concurrent term of two to five years imprisonment for theft by receiving
. "
_ . stolen property.
On CP-51-CR~0804041-2005, Garcia was sentenced to five to ten years imprisonment for
burglary andto a concurrent term of two to five years imprisorunent for theft by receiving stolen
. .
property,
. .
both of which were to run consecutively to the sentence imposed under CP-51-CR-
. · 0804021-2005.
On CP-51-CR-0804051-2005, Garcia was sentenced to five to ten years imprisonment for
burglary consecutive to· CP-51-CR-0804021-2005 and to a concurrent sentence of two to five
years imprisonment for theft by receiving stolen property.
On CP-51-CR-0807401-2005, Garcia was sentenced to a consecutive term often to
twenty years imprisonment for burglary of Ms. Mary Jane Perry and to a concurrent term of two
to five years imprisonment for theft by receiving stolen property; to a consecutive term of five to
ten years imprisorunent for burglary of Ms. Johnson and to a concurrent term of two to five years
· imprisonment for theft by receiving stolen property; to a concurrent term of ten to twenty years
imprisonment for RICO; toa concurrent term of ten to twenty years for criminal conspiracy; .to a
· concurrent term of five to ten years imprisonment on all remaining burglary counts; and to a
concurrent term of two to five years imprisonment on all remaining counts of theft by receiving
stolen property .
. The aggregate sentence is thirty-five to seventy years. At sentencing, Rafael Garcia had a
prior record score of three. The offense gravity score assigned to burglary, a felony of the first
16
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
degree; was seven. See 204 Pa.Code. § 303.15. The standard range sentence for burglary of a·
·. single residential property where no ope is home is 15-21 months of incarceration, and the
· .: · aggravated rangesentence is.21-27 months ofincarceration. See 204 Pa.Code.§ 303.16. For
' _· commercial properties, the applicable sentencing guideline range for a single offense is 6-16-
. months and the aggravated range is 9-19 months of incarceration. The statutory maximum -r-:>,
senience for burglary is 20 years. See 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3502(c); see also 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 1103(1).
· · Ta.keri together, the sentencing court imposed 35 to 70 years on all the burglaries with all other . ·
· counts effectively running concurrently. Given that Judge Dempsey ran the 10 to 20 year
sentences on conspiracy and RICO concurrent to each other and to all other charges, the total·
sentence was far from the available statutory limit.
Judge Dempsey stated on the record that he considered the sentencing guidelines but was
going outside of them based on the severity of the crimes, the number of burglaries, and
· Defendant's individual involvement and background. (N.T. 5/23/06, p. 124-131). Ironically, if
Judge Dempsey had applied standard guideline sentences on each of the thirty-seven burglaries
and imposed them consecutively to each other, Rafael Garcia would have been sentenced to: even- -·
more time. There was no abuse of discretion.
2. The·trial court properly denied-Defendant's untimely motions to reconsider his
sentence and ·reinstate his right to file an appeal from judgment of sentence.
Defendant claims that the trial court erred by not permitting Defendant to file a motionto
•... reconsider sentence nunc pro tune or to reinstate his right to appeal from the judgment of
· · . sentence nunc pro tune.
As discussed above, the sentence was not an abuse of discretion; therefore denial of a
motion to permit sentence reconsideration nunc pro tune was not prejudicial.
17
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
.. . ·.~: (
. . .. ~. ' ..
Finally, inasmuch that Defendant litigated a direct appeal in the Superior Court at No.
. .
· 179.TEDA 2006, his claim that he was improperly denied a right to appeal nunc pro tune is
· · frivolous.
.,t.
C. Claims Arising From This Court's Dismissal Of Defendant's PCRA Petition· ·· ...
Defendant raises three claims arising from this Court's handling of his PCRA.
1. This Court properly dismissed Defendant's PCRA petition without an eviderttiar1
hearing.
Defendant argues this Court erred by dismissing his PCRA Petition without an
·. .evidentiaryhearing and failed to consider his Rule 907 objections.
Pa. R. Crim, P. 907 explains court procedure when dismissing a PCRA petition without ·
. .a.n.. evidentiary
. . . hearing. To give a petitioner time to amend. his petition or object to intended
dismissal, Rule 907 requires a court to provide twenty days' advance notice of its intent to
· .disrriiss:.Com. v. Rykard, 55 A.3d 1177 (Pa. Super. 2012), appeal denied, 619 Pa. 714 (2013).
Even if the petitioner objects, the court may still dismiss his petition if no genuine issues of
· material fact exist: Pa. R. Crim. P. 907( 1 ).
First, this Court dismissed Defendant's PCRA Petition without an evidentiary hearing
.becausethere were no genuine issues of material fact.
Second, Defendant claims this Court ignored his objections. This is contradicted by .the
record. Before formally dismissing his PCRA, this Court stated:
[Defendant] has filed a Response to Notice of Intent to Dismiss
which is essentially a rehash of what has already been raised on
your amended PCRA. It has already been reviewed by my
chambers, myself and my law clerk, and we find there is no merit
to it.
(N.T. 12/13/13, p. 4-5).
18
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
,.·
Third, this Court. denied Defendant's request for leave to amend his PCRA Petition
· . • . because the Objections he filed did not raise any genuine issues of fact or law that needed further·
re~iew. The purpose of the Rule 907 Notice oflntent to Dismiss is to give defendants a chanceto .
askfor permission to supplement their counseled Amended Petition based on legal or factual
issues notraised by PCRA counsel. After receiving a defendant's 907 Objection, the PCRA
-court . standard is to "discern the potential for amendment." Rykard, 55 A.3d at 1189. As
.discussedhere.we have considered all issues, cumulative or not, raised by Defendant over a long ·
series of prose, amended, supplemental PCRA Petitions and Rule 907 filings. There are no
· genuine issues of material fact or law.
2. This Court properly did not allow Defendant to represent himself in the PCRA
court after counsel had been appointed and filed amended and supplementary
petitions.
Defendant also claims that he should have been permitted to represent himself in the
PCRA court. This Court denied Defendant's motion to hold a Grazier hearing at the PCRA
stage because the request was untimely and would have served only to disrupt the proceedings.
Although a defendant has a right to self-representation, such a request must be timely and ·.
unequivocal and not made for the purpose of delay. Com. v. El, 977 A.2d 1158 (Pa. 2009); see
· alsoCom. v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81 (Pa. 1998). A request is timely when it is made before
.: · meaningful proceedings have begun, and the decision to allow self-representation is in a PCRA
court's discretion. El, 977 A.2d at 1163.
· Here, Defendant sought leave to proceed prose for the first time at the Rule 907 hearing
for formal dismissal of the PCRA petition. This request came after the counseled filing of an
· amended petition, four supplemental petitions and prose Rule 907 Objections - well after
meaningful proceedings had begun.
19
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
. (.
..
·"·· Now with all the issues reviewed, including his own Objections, this Court granted his .
Grazier request to represent himself on this appeal. This motion was made well before
. ·<-siib~tantive appellate proceedings had begun and Defendant was able to submithis own Rule
1925(b) Statement.
' ; . ..
· D. Claims Arising From Jury Charge
. In this context of procedural flexibility, we now address the merits of two ju.ry charge
claimsRafael Garcia has raised on PCRA despite previous waiver. First, he alleges that appellate · .
. counsel should have raised Judge Dempsey's decision not to give an accomplice charge relating
.. · ....
. . · -to Taina Eckert, Carlos Garcia's girlfriend. Second, he contends that PCRA counsel was.
· .ineffective for not raising a claim 'conceming the court's criminal conspiracy instruction.
1. No accomplice charge was necessary for Taina Eckert.
first, Defendant claims that appellate counsel Mitchell Strutin, Esq. was ineffective for
· -. notraising the Taina Eckert accomplice charge issue on direct appeal, though it had been·
preserved by trial counsel.
Oh appeal, the standard of review for a jury charge is whether the trial court committed a
clearabuse of discretion or error of law controlling the outcome of the case. Von der Heide v..
Dep't of Trans., 718 A.2d 286, 288 (Pa. 1998). "A corrupt source instruction advises the jury.
:thatif it finds that a certain witness who testified against the defendant was an accomplice of the
. · defendant in a crime for which he is being tried, then the jury should deem that witness a
. 'corrupt and polluted source' whose testimony. should be considered with caution." Com. v.
Coli ins, 957 A.2d 237, 262 (Pa. 2008). Further, "[tjhe instruction is warranted only in cases· in
· whichthere is sufficient evidence to present a jury question with respect to whether the witness
. is ·an accomplice." Id.
20
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
Defendant alleges that Eckert was an accomplice when she drove Carlos Garcia to the
post office and left him there before it was burglarized. Defendant also claims she was an
· accomplice because Eckert was present at home inside 6119 Edmund Street when he carried the
· Tac·6ny Beer Distributor's stolen ATM machine into the house. Eckert testified she had been
: .awoken by noise when Defendant and others brought the ATM inside.
· Eckert never admitted she was an accomplice, nor do the incidents cited by Defendant
.: compel a contrary holding to Judge Dempsey's analysis. On the contrary, while the court
declined an accomplice charge for Eckert, he granted one for William Linehauser. (N.T. 2/28/06
· (afternoon), p. 59-60). By comparing Judge Dempsey's decisions on Eckert and Linehauser, it is
· .. ;. clear. that Judge Dempsey applied the law according to the actual testimony in evidence.
Even if Ms. Eckert's testimony had been entirely disregarded by the jury, the effect was
. hannless due to the overwhelming physical evidence arrayed against him and the conspiracy
. discussions obtained through William Linehauser's wire. There is no reasonable probability that·
court error on an accomplice charge relating to Taina Eckert affected the outcome of the trial.
Defendant's locked bedroom at 6119 Edmund Street and his apartment at 2100 Tremont Street
contained more than one hundred stolen items from the burglaries.
2. The trial court conectly charged the jury on the law of conspiracy.
·. Second, Defendant argues the trial court incorrectly charged the jury regarding
·. conspiracy
.
without objection. He bootstraps this argument to his own PCRA counsel and claims
:
John Cotter, Esq. was ineffective because he did not raise trial counsel's waiver.
First, this is not the first time that Rafael Garcia has argued error on Judge Dempsey's
criminal conspiracy jury charge. On direct appeal through Mr. Strutin, Defendant claimed that a.
21
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
f . r
· .. criminal conspiracy conviction based on a "common plan or design" was not justified by the
evidence. This claim was rejected:
"We note that Garcia contends that the Commonwealth prosecuted the
burglaries at issue based on the theory that they exhibited a "common
scheme, plan or design," and therefore that the challenged convictions .. -·.·
were based solely on speculation. Appellant's Brief at 33-:39. V/e reject
· this argument. As discussed above, the evidence sufficiently supports the
conclusion that the burglaries charged in this case were committed by
Garcia and/or his co-defendants, and that these four men were parties to a
criminal conspiracy to burgle, thus providing a legally sound basis for all
of the challenged burglary convictions."
· - : -Commonwealth v. Rafael Garcia, No. 1797 EDA 2006, nA (Superior Court, filed May 11, 2009),
Accordingly, this allegation of error was previously litigated and is ineligible to be
grounds for PCRA relief. See 42 Pa. C.S. Sec. 9543 (a)(3).
Moreover, Judge Dempsey charged the jury conventionally without reference to common
. .
planorscheme. A conviction for conspiracy, he told the jury, results only if the juryfinds an
agreement among one or more conspirators to commit burglary and that one or more of the
conspirators took an overt act in furtherance of the conspiracy. (N.T. 2/28/06). The relevantbill
· of information, Charge 264 at CP 0508 07 40 1 /1, stated the criminal objective was "burglary,
.theft" and the overt act was noted as "entered another's property." This was proven at trial by
overwhelming evidence ..
E. PCRA Counsel Reasonably Decided Not To Raise Issues Relating To Hatniless'
Claims Of Prosecutorial Misconduct At Trial.
Defendant claims that trial counsel's failure to raise a post-verdict motion regarding
prosecutorial misconduct at trial should have been raised by PCRA counsel. Specifically,
· Defendant 'alleges in his Rule 907 Objection that the Commonwealth improperly asserted: (1) a
· suitcase with Defendant>s name on it was found in the rear bedroom at 6119 Edmund Street, (2)
22
(, ..., ,,
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
• ;:i .-·
.fl
· foc.~lyn.Oarcia testified that the aforementioned rear bedroom belonged to Defendant, (3) a
.driver'slicense belonging to Luis Piatatsky was found at 6119 Edmund Street, (4) erroneous ·.·.
·. f~ctfc9n.ceming Officer Joan Rudzinski's testimony, and (5) made inflanunatory statements .
'. . . .... ·· . : .
. ·.·. ib:quf.Defendant during opening arguments. .·. ·
· ... ·:. . . . ·,..
.
..
·..
·. Prosecutorial misconduct requires a reviewing court to determine whether a defendant ·
: . . ·:· ... _..,.,:r~ceh~;d·i.fairtri~l
' . . .
basedona.harmlesserrorstandard. Com. v. Judy, 978 A.2d 1015, 1019 (Pa.····._::
·. ~ .
:·:_·
..
. .-,· __ :_
. ..
. ... ..
. . ·. ·:_i: :,:· . S.~p~r.-'.2009). Errors are harmless when the «evidence of guilt is so overwhelming and the
. prejudicial effect of the error so insignificant that it is clear beyond a reasonable doubt that the· ··. ,, .. ··.
· . .error could not have contributed to the verdict." Com. v. Story, 383 A.2d 155 (Pa. 1978). A
prosecutor's statements based on the evidence already on record are presumptively not error .
. · Com. v. Latlava, 666 A.2d 221 (Pa. 1995).
.. · · First, Defendant is correct that no testimony during the trial supports the
.Commonwealth's assertion that a suitcase with Defendant's name on it was found in the rear·
. bedroom at 6119 Edmund Street. However, the error was harmless, because the evidence that
· Defendant kept the rear bedroom as his own was proven. Uncontroverted testimony was heard
: l:>y- b_oth Jocelyn Garcia and Taina Eckert that Defendant kept that room as his own.
Second, Jocelyn Garcia did testify that the rear bedroom belonged to Defendant Via
stipulation, her testimony was read into evidence, and she stated that Defendant used the rear
bedroomat 6119 Edmund Street. (N.T. 2/22/06, morning, p. 36, 41-42). Defendant is correct
that.Jocelyn never stated that Defendant lived at 6119 Edmund Street, but neither did the
· .Co~oriwealth. The Commonwealth correctly stated that Defendant rented that room.
Third, regarding the home of Luis Piatatsky, when police executed the search warrant for· .
6119 Edmund Street, Mr. Piatatsky's driver's license was lying out on the kitchen table with his
23
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
"'.· ...
picture burned out. Though Mr. Piatatsky did not testify that his driver's license was stolen,
.:'. ': ....
reasonable inferences are permitted at argument. .·.• ...
Fourth, no prosecutorial error occurred when summarizing Officer Joan Rudzinski' s · · _; . :_: · '. ·. , --::::
· testimony,
...
Officer Rudzinski in fact told the jury she believed an attempted burglary had taken· -·
-~t-Luis Piatatsky's house and she explained why. (N.T. 2/10/06, p. 64). Luis Piatatsky himself>
~l~tifiedthat when he inspected his own property after hearing intruder's sounds in his house, he::.·.--· · =:'.;:"-. ·
·.: noticed that the screen on his bathroom window had been pushed in from the window frame and· · .· ' . _· · / :_. _
...
. . ~· :::·.··J.
: · was-lying in his bathtub. (N.T. 2/6/06, p. 9). If any error was made by attributing the discovery"·· .. ·.
: . ofa pushed screen window to Officer Rudzinski rather than Mr. Piatatsky, clearly the error was
. harmless.
Fifth, the Commonwealth's remark that Defendant was "in the family business" of
committing burglaries was fair argument in the context of this case and the blood relationship:
· betwee» Rafael and Carlos Garcia. A prosecutor has wide latitude during closing argument, and·
.h~r.:~rguments are fair if they are supported by the evidence or use inferences that can reasonably
be derived from the evidence. Com. v. Holley, 945 A.2d 241, 250 (Pa. Super. 2008), citing Com .
v .. Paddy, 800 A.2d 294 (Pa. 2002).
· For the above reasons, there was no prosecutorial misconduct and no ineffectiveness by •
. .subsequent counsel for declining to make the claim .
. F. PCRA Counsel Reasonably Decided Not To Raise An "Overall Deficient
Performance In Cumulation" Catch-All Claim Against Trial Counsel.
Finally, Rafael Garcia raises the general claim that PCRA counsel was ineffective by not
- raising trial counsel's "overall deficient performance in cumulation." In support, Defendant cites
. '. all· of the previously reviewed claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel, adding only that
.···./ ...
trial counsel was sleeping during the sentencing hearing.
24
Circulated 08/17/2015 03:12 PM
... , / ·;>, - ... ···--.·-
. .,
.. : ...; ·- .
However, the following is on the record: :- .
THE COURT: Ms. Vinci, you're not permitted to sleep in the courtroom.
If you need to sleep, you may step out.
MS. VINCI: No, Your Honor. My neck was bothering me. Excuse me, : :.- ...-- :.' .:
Your Honor.2 .
:: (J'LT;. 5li3106, _108).
As all other claims of ineffective counsel have been addressed above as being meritless, :
. ·: this claim of "cumulation" is duplicative and rejected.
V. CONCLUSION
· · · - · . · · _For the foregoing reasons, Defendant raises no meritorious claims on appeal. All
. Judgments should respectfully be affirmed.
By the Court,
£
Ramy!.~·
, .' ·.
2·
. ~lt_iiou$h Ms. Vinci was the att.omey r~sponding to Judge Dempsey, the transcript misprints the respondent as
being Mt. McCullough but the dialogue ts reported here correctly for appellate review.
25