TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-13-00087-CV
In re Donald Ray Lee, Latricia Doyal, Paulette Savage and Jonathan Chase
ORIGINAL PROCEEDING FROM MCCULLOCH COUNTY
OPINION
Donald Ray Lee, Latricia Doyal, Paulette Savage, and Jonathan Chase, the Relators,
are residents and registered voters of Brady, Texas. The Relators seek a writ of mandamus ordering
the Brady City Council and the Brady City Secretary, the Respondents, to order the recall election
of the Mayor of Brady, Gail Lohn. The Respondents have filed a response. See Tex. R. App. P.
52.4. Pursuant to section 273.061 of the Texas Election Code, this Court has jurisdiction “to compel
the performance of any duty imposed by law in connection with the holding of an election . . . .” See
Tex. Elec. Code Ann. § 273.061 (West 2010). Upon considering the arguments presented in the
petition and the response, we conditionally grant the writ.
The City of Brady is a home-rule municipality. See Brady, Tex., Home Rule Charter,
§§ 1.01-14.03 (2011). Under the Brady City Charter, qualified voters may remove their elected City
officials from office through a recall election “for reason of incompetence, noncompliance with this
Charter, misconduct or malfeasance in office.” Id. § 8.01. The recall process is initiated when any
qualified voter in the City files with the City Secretary an affidavit naming the person or persons
to be recalled and the reasons therefor. Id. § 8.03. Within two working days of the filing of the
affidavit, the Secretary must issue to the affiant a “petition blank” in the form prescribed by section
8.04 of the Charter and signed by the Secretary. Id.
Next, the recall petition is circulated for signatures. The Charter provides that the
petition must be “signed by qualified voters of the City equal in number to at least twenty percent
(20%) of the number of votes cast in the last regular municipal election of the City or 250, whichever
is greater.” Id. § 8.02. Each person signing the recall petition shall “affix his residence address and
the date of signing.” Id. The petition must also “be addressed to the Council and must distinctly and
specifically state the reason(s) for removal. The petition shall specifically state each reason with
such certainty as to give the official to be removed notice of such matters and things with which he
is charged.” Id. § 8.04.
Upon circulation, the recall petition is filed with the City Secretary, who reviews the
petition to determine if it is sufficient or insufficient. See id. §§ 8.05 (“The City Secretary shall
follow the certification procedures as described in Section 9.04.”), 9.04 (regarding determination of
sufficiency). The City Secretary must “complete a certification as to the sufficiency of the petition
within ten (10) days.” Id. § 9.04. The Secretary then “present[s] the certified petition to the Council
at the next regular meeting,” and “if the accused official does not resign, the Council shall order an
election for the earliest lawful date in accordance with State election laws.” Id. §§ 8.06, 8.08
(emphasis added).
In this case, the Relators, along with other qualified voters in the City of Brady,
initiated the recall-election process. On January 25, 2013, the Relators filed a petition for a recall
election with the City Secretary seeking to remove the Mayor. Attached to the petition was the eight-
page affidavit of a qualified voter, detailing specific factual allegations in support of the recall. On
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January 31, 2013, the City Secretary issued a “Certification of City Secretary,” stating that the recall
petition was insufficient. According to the certification, the recall petition had the required number
of signatures of qualified voters. The certification went on to state that “after consultation with the
Interim City Attorney” the Secretary had concluded that “none of the allegations provided by the
affiant . . . constitute legally sufficient grounds for recalling Mayor Lohn.” The next day, at its next
regular session, the City Council approved the City Secretary’s certification of insufficiency and
refused to order a mayoral recall election.
This Court may compel, by writ of mandamus, a public official to perform a
ministerial act. Walker v. Packer, 827 S.W.2d 833 (1992). “An act is ministerial when the law
clearly spells out the duty to be performed by the official with sufficient specificity that nothing is
left to the exercise of discretion.” Anderson v. City of Seven Points, 806 S.W.2d 791, 793 (Tex.
1991). The Relators contend that the City Secretary and City Council violated ministerial duties
established in the City Charter. Specifically, the Relators contend that because it is undisputed that
the recall petition contained the correct numbers of signatures, the Secretary was obligated to certify
the petition as sufficient and the Council was obligated to order the recall election.
In response, the Respondents do not contend that the recall petition lacks the required
number of valid signatures. Instead, the Respondents contend that the Charter authorizes the City
Secretary to review the factual allegations supporting the recall and to determine, in his or her
discretion, if the allegations are sufficient to give rise to a claim “for reason of incompetence,
noncompliance with this Charter, misconduct or malfeasance in office.” Further, the Respondents
contend that in this case, the allegations in the recall petition fail to constitute sufficient grounds for
recalling the Mayor.
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In support of their argument, the Respondents rely on section 9.04 of the Charter.
Specifically, the Respondents argue that section 9.04 requires the City Secretary to review the recall
petition and affidavit and to confirm that legally adequate grounds for recall authority have been
alleged. Further, the Respondents contend that this evaluation necessarily requires judgment and
discretion. Upon review of the City Charter, we disagree that section 9.04, or any other provision
in the Charter, gives any official of the City of Brady the discretionary right or duty to determine the
factual or legal sufficiency of a recall petition.
Section 9.04 is entitled “Determination of Sufficiency” and applies not only to recall
petitions, but also to initiative and referendum petitions. Brady, Tex., Home Rule Charter, art. IX,
§ 9.04 (2011); see id. § 9.03 (regarding requirements for initiative and referendum petitions).
Section 9.04 provides, in relevant part, the following:
[(a)] Certificate of City Secretary. The City Secretary shall complete a
certificate as to the sufficiency of the petition within (10) ten days after it is filed. The
petitioners’ committees will be notified by registered mail of any insufficiencies in
the petition.
[(b)] Sufficient Petition, Final Determination. If the petition is certified
sufficient, the City Secretary shall present the certificate to the Council by the next
regular council meeting and the certificate shall be final.
[(c)] Insufficient Petition, Final Determination. If a petition is certified
insufficient and the petitioners’ committee does not elect to amend or request
Council review under subsections (d) and (e) of this section, the City Secretary shall
present a certificate to the Council by the next regular council meeting which shall
be final.
[(d)] Insufficient Petition, Appeal. If a petition has been certified insufficient
and the petitioners’ committee does not file notice of intention to amend it as in
Section 9.04(e), the committee may, within two (2) working days after receiving
notice of insufficiency, file a request that it be reviewed by the Council. The Council
shall review the certificate at its next regular meeting following the filing of such
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request and approve it or disapprove it, and the determination of the Council shall
then be final.
[(e)] Insufficient Petition, Amending. A petition certified insufficient for
lack of required number of valid signatures may be amended one (1) time if the
petitioners’ committee files a notice of intention to amend with the City Secretary
within two (2) working days after receiving notice of insufficiency and files a
supplementary petition with additional names within two (2) weeks after receiving
such notice. Such supplementary petition shall comply with the requirements of 9.03.
Id. § 9.04. Section 9.04 clearly gives authority to the City Secretary to certify a recall petition as
insufficient for lack of required signatures, subject to a right to amend.
The Respondents contend that section 9.04 is not limited to review for lack of
required signatures but instead contemplates that petitions may be certified as insufficient for
other reasons, including insufficient allegations. In making this argument, the Respondents point
to language in section 9.04(a) referring to “any insufficiencies in the petition.” See id. § 9.04(a).
Considering the Charter as a whole, we cannot conclude that section 9.04 clearly gives the City
Secretary any authority to certify a recall petition as “insufficient” with regard to the factual or
legal allegations made in the affidavit and recall petition. Rather, the language of section 9.04 is
ambiguous, at best, concerning what review, if any, the Secretary can perform with regard to the
sufficiency of the petition beyond verifying the number of signatures of qualified voters.
Our sister court of appeals in Houston was presented with a similar issue in
Blanchard v. Fulbright, 633 S.W.2d 617, 622 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1982, orig.
proceeding). In that case, the court of appeals considered whether a charter that simply provided for
recall petitions to be presented to the city council gave the council the authority to determine the
sufficiency of the petition’s allegations by discretionary “judicial review.” Id. at 621. In holding
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that the charter did not delegate such a right or duty, the court of appeals explained that allowing
the council to “make the ultimate determination of sufficiency of the petition would commit the
decision to a body that could not be considered impartial.” Id. at 622 (quoting Howard v. Clack,
589 S.W.2d 748, 752 (Tex. Civ. App.—Dallas 1979, orig. proceeding)). The court concluded that
“[n]o authority to determine the sufficiency of recall petitions should be inferred to exist in the city
council, in the absence of an express provision in the City Charter.” Id. (emphasis added).
Similarly, in this case, a review of the sufficiency of the allegations supporting recall
would, in essence, amount to a non-judicial determination by the City Secretary and the City Council
of whether the facts as alleged give rise to a legal basis for recall under the City Charter. If the
Mayor believes that the allegations are insufficient, due process affords her the right to file suit in
district court and obtain a judicial determination of sufficiency of the allegations. See Burns v. Kelly,
658 S.W.2d 731, 733 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1983, orig. proceeding) (citing Blanchard, 633 S.W.2d
at 622). Therefore, in the absence of an express provision clearly authorizing the City Secretary or
City Council to make this determination in certifying the petition, we will not infer that such
authority exists. See Blanchard, 633 S.W.2d at 622; see also In re Carla Lee Unson, 120 S.W.3d
477, 480 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2003, orig. proceeding) (refusing to infer from language in
charter that city secretary or commissioners had right or duty to examine sufficiency of recall
petitions). Accordingly, the City Secretary and City Council have no discretion to exercise with
respect to reviewing the sufficiency of the allegations supporting the Relators’ recall petition.
The Charter for the City of Brady creates a ministerial duty for the City Secretary to
certify a recall petition upon determining that it contains the requisite number of signatures. See
Brady, Tex., Home Rule Charter, art. IX, § 9.04. Likewise, the City Charter creates a ministerial
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duty for the City Council to order a recall election if the official whose removal is sought refuses to
resign. See id. art. VIII, § 8.08. Here, there is no dispute that the recall petition included the correct
number of signatures. Further, there is no explicit discretionary duty relied upon by the City Secretary
for refusing to certify the recall petition as sufficient or by the City Council for refusing to order a
recall election. Under these facts, we conclude that mandamus relief is warranted.
We conditionally grant the mandamus relief requested and order the Brady City
Secretary to certify the recall petition as sufficient and forward the petition to the Brady City
Council. We direct the members of the Brady City Council to order a recall election for the earliest
lawful date if Mayor Lohn does not resign, subject to stay by a court of competent jurisdiction. See
Duffy v. Branch, 828 S.W.2d 211, 214 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1992, orig. proceeding) (noting that
district court is “forum to argue the sufficiency issues” and that district court may “enjoin the recall
election”). A writ of mandamus will issue only if the City Secretary and the City Council members
fail to comply by March 1, 2013.1 In addition, the members of the City Council are directed to file
in this Court, as soon as practicable thereafter, a certified copy of their official action ordering a
recall election.
__________________________________________
Scott K. Field, Justice
Before Chief Justice Jones, Justices Goodwin and Field
Filed: February 28, 2013
1
Both parties agree that if the City Council orders a recall election the date of the election
would be May 11, 2013. See Tex. Elec. Code Ann. § 41.001(a)(2) (West Supp. 2012) (uniform
election dates). In addition, according to the Respondents, the recall election would need to be
ordered no later than March 1, 2013. See id. § 3.005 (West 2010) (ordering of elections).
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