TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-13-00702-CV
The Travis County Attorney, Appellant
v.
L. C., Appellee
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 299TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. D-1-EX-13-000266, HONORABLE KAREN SAGE, JUDGE PRESIDING
MEMORANDUM OPINION
The Travis County Attorney (County Attorney) brings this restricted appeal
challenging an order of expunction signed by the trial court on May 1, 2013, in favor of appellee L.C.
(the May order). The County Attorney urges that the trial court abused its discretion when it entered
the order directing the County Attorney and others to expunge arrest records and files. For the
following reasons, we reverse, set aside the expunction order, and remand this case to the trial court
for proceedings consistent with this opinion.
BACKGROUND
In March 2013, L.C. filed an ex parte petition to expunge records of his 2012 arrest
for the felony offense of injury to a child and the misdemeanor offense of interference with an
emergency call. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 55.02 (setting forth procedures for expunction). The
petition did not list the Travis County Attorney among the agencies, entities, and officials with
records or files pertaining to the arrest. See id. art. 55.02, § 2(b)(8) (requiring petition to include list
of applicable “law enforcement agencies, jails or other detention facilities, magistrates, courts,
prosecuting attorneys, correctional facilities, central state depositories of criminal records, and other
officials or agencies or other entities of this state or of any political subdivision of this state” with
records or files sought to be expunged). The May order, however, included the County Attorney
among the named agencies, entities, and officials subject to the order. After comparing the names
listed in L.C.’s petition to the ones listed in the order, the Deputy Travis County District Clerk in
charge of handling expunction cases notified L.C. that she could not process the May order as to the
County Attorney, and the District Clerk did not send a copy of the order to the County Attorney.
On August 15, 2013, L.C. filed a first amended petition for expunction that listed the
County Attorney as having records or files pertaining to the arrest. See id. In the amended petition,
L.C. lists the entities, agencies, and officials who were named in the original petition, and then
separately lists other entities, agencies, and officials to be served with notice of the amended petition.
The County Attorney was on the latter list. The County Attorney responded to the amended petition
by filing special exceptions and a general denial to the amended petition on September 11, 2013.
At that point, the County Attorney was unaware of the May order. According to the Assistant
County Attorney who handled all expunction cases for Travis County agencies, the office of the
County Attorney did not become aware of the May order until September 2013.
On October 1, 2013, the County Attorney filed a motion to set aside the May order
and for a new trial on the grounds that he was not named in the original petition but named in the
May order and that he was unaware of the May order until September 2013. L.C. filed a written
2
response to the motion, arguing that the May order was final and the trial court had lost jurisdiction
to consider the County Attorney’s motion to set aside and for a new trial because the trial court’s
plenary power had expired. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 306a(4), 329b(d). Agreeing with L.C., the County
Attorney abandoned the motion and did not proceed with a hearing. This restricted appeal followed.1
ANALYSIS
In one issue, the County Attorney urges that the trial court abused its discretion when
it signed the May order directing the County Attorney and others who did not have notice of L.C.’s
petition to expunge arrest records and files of L.C.2 See Travis Cnty. Dist. Attorney v. M.M.,
354 S.W.3d 920, 922 (Tex. App.—Austin 2011, no pet.) (en banc) (reviewing expunction order
under abuse of discretion standard (citing Heine v. Texas Dep’t of Pub. Safety, 92 S.W.3d 642, 646
(Tex. App.—Austin 2002, pet. denied)). A trial court abuses its discretion when it acts without
regard to any guiding rules or principles. Downer v. Aquamarine Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238,
241–42 (Tex. 1985). “A trial court also abuses its discretion by failing to analyze or apply the law
correctly.” Iliff v. Iliff, 339 S.W.3d 74, 78 (Tex. 2011) (citing Walker v. Packer, 827 S.W.2d 833,
840 (Tex. 1992)).
To successfully attack an order by restricted appeal, the appealing party must show
it was (1) a party to the underlying lawsuit; (2) it did not participate either in person or through
1
In a separate but related appeal, 03-13-00715-CV, The Travis County Attorney v. L.C., the
County Attorney challenges a subsequent expunction order signed by the trial court in October 2013.
That order is based on the amended petition filed by L.C. in August 2013. By opinion issued this
same date, we vacate the October 2013 order.
2
L.C. has not filed a responsive brief.
3
counsel in the hearing that resulted in the complained-of judgment or order, (3) it filed a notice of
appeal within six months after the judgment or order was signed, and (4) error is apparent on the face
of the record. Tex. R. App. P. 26.1(c), 30; Alexander v. Lynda’s Boutique, 134 S.W.3d 845, 848
(Tex. 2004); Texas Dep’t of Pub. Safety v. Jacobs, 250 S.W.3d 209, 210 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008,
no pet.).
Here, the record affirmatively shows that the County Attorney—as a prosecuting
attorney with records subject to expunction—was a party, that he was unaware and did not appear
or otherwise participate in this case until several months after the trial court signed the May order,
and that he filed his notice of appeal within 6 months after the May order was signed. See Tex. R.
App. P. 26.1(c), 30; Alexander, 134 S.W.3d at 848; Jacobs, 250 S.W.3d at 210 (concluding that the
Texas Department of Public Safety “‘as a State agency with records subject to expunction, is a party
to the suit within the meaning of the requirements for a restricted appeal’” (quoting Texas Dep’t of
Pub. Safety v. Moore, 51 S.W.3d 355, 357 (Tex. App.—Tyler 2001, no pet.)). Thus, the County
Attorney meets the first three requirements for raising a restricted appeal. Accordingly, we turn to
whether error is apparent on the face of the record. See Norman Commc’ns v. Texas Eastman Co.,
955 S.W.2d 269, 270 (Tex. 1997) (per curiam). The “face of the record” consists of all papers on
file in the appeal. Id.; Jacobs, 250 S.W.3d at 210.
Because the right to expunction is a statutory privilege, “a person is entitled to
expunction only when all statutory conditions have been met.” M.M., 354 S.W.3d at 923 (quoting
Harris Cnty. Dist. Attorney v. Lacafta, 965 S.W.2d 568, 569 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]
1997, no pet.)); see Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 55.02; Texas Dep’t of Pub. Safety v. Deck,
4
954 S.W.2d 108, 112 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1997, no writ) (noting that procedures in article
55.02 are mandatory and that error is apparent on face of record when record reflects that procedures
were not followed); Texas Dep’t of Pub. Safety v. Riley, 773 S.W.2d 756, 758 (Tex. App.—San
Antonio 1989, no writ) (same). Among the requirements in article 55.02, a petitioner seeking
expunction is required to name in his petition “prosecuting attorneys” who have records or files
subject to expunction, and the trial court is required to set a hearing on the matter and to give notice
of the hearing to prosecuting attorneys named in the petition. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 55.02,
§ 2(2)(b)(8)(A), (c).
Here, the County Attorney was the prosecuting attorney for the misdemeanor charge
and was named in the May order, but he was not named in the petition and received no notice of a
hearing on the petition.3 See id. There also is no reporter’s record of a hearing on the petition for
expunction,4 and the record includes affidavits from the Deputy Travis County District Clerk and
Assistant Travis County Attorneys. The Deputy Travis County District Clerk averred that she did
not send a copy of the May order to the County Attorney, and one of the Assistant Travis County
Attorneys averred that the office of the Travis County Attorney did not learn of the May order until
September 2013 and first received a copy of the order on September 23, 2013. Thus, the record
reflects that the statutory conditions for expunction were not met. See id.
Because the record reflects that the statutory conditions for expunction were not met,
we conclude that error is apparent on the face of the record, and that the May order must be set aside.
3
As previously stated, L.C. named the County Attorney in his amended petition but not in
his original petition.
4
According to the court reporter, she does not have a record of a hearing on May 1, 2013.
5
See Deck, 954 S.W.2d at 112; Riley, 773 S.W.2d at 758; see also Texas Dep’t of Pub. Safety
v. Flores, No. 04-07-00257-CV, 2008 Tex. App. LEXIS 1021, at *2–4 (Tex. App.—San Antonio
Feb. 13, 2008, no pet.) (mem. op.) (setting aside expunction order in restricted appeal based on
failure to follow statutory provisions as to notice). The record reflects that the trial court abused its
discretion when it granted L.C.’s petition for expunction. See Iliff, 339 S.W.3d at 78 (noting that
trial court abuses its discretion when it fails to apply law correctly). Thus we sustain the County
Attorney’s issue.
CONCLUSION
For these reasons, we reverse, set aside the May order, and remand this case to the
trial court for proceedings consistent with this opinion.
__________________________________________
Melissa Goodwin, Justice
Before Justices Puryear, Goodwin, and Field
Reversed and Remanded
Filed: May 12, 2015
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the Travis County Attorney v. L. C.
Combined Opinion