NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PUBLICATION
File Name: 05a0242n.06
Filed: April 1, 2005
No. 03-4533
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
PAL KALAJ, GLODIANA KALAJ, and )
XHEJMS KALAJ, )
)
Petitioners, )
) ON APPEAL FROM THE BUREAU OF
v. ) IMMIGRATION APPEALS
)
ALBERTO GONZALES, Attorney General )
of the United States, ) OPINION
)
Respondent. )
)
Before: COLE and GILMAN, Circuit Judges; and POLSTER, District Judge.*
RONALD LEE GILMAN, Circuit Judge. Pal Kalaj and his two children entered the
United States illegally from Albania in 1997. Kalaj’s application for asylum, filed in 1999, was
denied as untimely by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). The Immigration Judge
(IJ) found that Kalaj had failed to show extraordinary circumstances to excuse his delay in filing for
asylum, and further concluded that Kalaj was ineligible for either withholding of removal or
protection under the United Nations Convention Against Torture (CAT). The Board of Immigration
Appeals (BIA) affirmed the IJ. For the reasons set forth below, we DISMISS for lack of jurisdiction
*
The Honorable Dan A. Polster, United States District Judge for the Northern District of Ohio, sitting by
designation.
No. 03-4533
Kalaj v. Ashcroft
Kalaj’s claim regarding his untimely application for asylum and AFFIRM the judgment of the BIA
with respect to Kalaj’s other claims.
I. BACKGROUND
The petitioners are citizens of Albania. Pal Kalaj, the lead petitioner, and his daughter,
Glodina, entered the United States in December of 1997 without valid entry documents. Kalaj’s son,
Xhejmas, had previously arrived illegally in April of 1997. In January of 1999, Pal Kalaj filed an
application on behalf of himself and his two children for asylum, for withholding of removal, and
for deferral of removal under the CAT. His application was prepared by an attorney named Valerie
Yaeger.
The INS (now the Department of Homeland Security) denied the application for asylum as
untimely because it was not filed within a year of Kalaj’s arrival in the United States, as required
by the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(B). In February of 1999, the
INS served Kalaj with a Notice to Appear, charging that he was subject to removal for failing to
secure valid entry documents. Kalaj indicated at a hearing in March of 1999 that he would
overcome the untimely filing of his application by showing extraordinary circumstances due to the
ineffective assistance of counsel. At a continued hearing in April of 1999, the IJ granted Kalaj an
opportunity to file a complaint against Yaeger with the Michigan State Bar Grievance Commission
prior to the hearing on the merits of his case. The IJ noted at another continued hearing in June of
1999 that Kalaj had still not filed a complaint against Yaeger and offered him yet another chance
to do so before his hearing.
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No. 03-4533
Kalaj v. Ashcroft
In May of 2002, Kalaj presented documentation to the IJ that Yaeger had been suspended
from practice effective December 20, 2000. This suspension, however, did not relieve Kalaj of the
obligation to comply with the requirements established in Matter of Lozada, 19 I & N Dec. 637 (BIA
1988), regarding a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. The IJ observed that, although Kalaj’s
case had been pending for three years, he had not yet so complied.
Ruling on the merits of Kalaj’s claims, the IJ found that Kalaj had not timely filed his asylum
application and that he failed to show exceptional or extraordinary circumstances for not doing so.
The IJ also found that Kalaj had not made the requisite showing for withholding of removal or for
deferral of removal under the CAT. Finally, the IJ denied Kalaj’s request for voluntary departure
because he was not in possession of valid travel documents.
The BIA adopted and affirmed the decision of the IJ. It agreed that Kalaj had failed to file
his asylum application within one year of entry and found that he had not demonstrated the requisite
extraordinary circumstances that would excuse his failure to timely file the application. The BIA
rejected Kalaj’s assertion that his failure to timely file was due to the ineffective assistance of
counsel, ruling that he failed to comply with the requirements of Lozada. It also affirmed the IJ’s
conclusion that Kalaj was ineligible for withholding of removal, deferral of removal under the CAT,
or voluntary departure.
Kalaj argues on appeal that the BIA erred in determining that his application for asylum was
not timely filed. He also claims that the BIA erred in finding that he was not eligible for asylum.
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Kalaj v. Ashcroft
II. ANALYSIS
A. Standard of review
We review de novo the BIA’s resolution of questions of law. Ali v. Ashcroft, 366 F.3d 407,
409 (6th Cir. 2004). But we review the BIA’s findings of fact under the substantial-evidence
standard. Marku v. Ashcroft, 380 F.3d 982, 986 (6th Cir. 2004). Under this standard, we will not
reverse a factual determination of the BIA unless we find “that the evidence not only supports a
contrary conclusion, but compels it.” Id. (emphasis in original). We will reverse the BIA’s
determination denying withholding of removal only if it is “manifestly contrary to the law.”
Castellano-Chacon v. INS, 341 F.3d 533, 552 (6th Cir. 2003).
B. Jurisdiction
The INA requires aliens seeking asylum to file an application within one year of arrival into
the United States. 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(B). Kalaj arrived in the United States on December 25,
1997, but he did not file his application for asylum until January 3, 1999. Consequently, his
application was filed after the expiration of the filing period, which ended on December 25, 1998.
Kalaj’s untimely application was therefore properly denied unless he could show that his failure to
meet the deadline was the result of “changed circumstances which materially affect[ed his]
eligibility for asylum or extraordinary circumstances relating to the delay in filing an application
within the period.” 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(D). The IJ concluded that, even though such
circumstances may include the ineffective assistance of counsel, Kalaj had not complied with the
requirements of Lozada, which establishes the prerequisites for such a claim. See Hamid v. Ashcroft,
336 F.3d 465, 469 (6th Cir. 2003) (applying Lozada to a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel
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No. 03-4533
Kalaj v. Ashcroft
in a deportation proceeding and explaining that “[s]ound policy reasons support compliance with
the Lozada requirements”).
In Lozada, the BIA held that a claim alleging ineffective assistance of counsel must be
supported by (1) an affidavit detailing the alien’s agreement with his attorney, (2) proof that the
alien informed the attorney of his allegations and that the attorney had an opportunity to respond,
and (3) a statement confirming that a complaint had been filed against the attorney with the
appropriate disciplinary authority. 19 I. &. N. Dec. at 639. Kalaj did present the IJ with a copy of
the agreement retaining Yaeger as his counsel, but he did not satisfy the second and third Lozada
requirements. As a result, the IJ determined that Kalaj “has not shown exceptional or extraordinary
circumstances for not filing his application.”
The INA also provides that “[n]o court shall have jurisdiction to review any determination”
regarding the existence of extraordinary circumstances that would excuse a failure to file an asylum
application within one year of arrival in this country. 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(3). We therefore lack the
jurisdiction to review the determination of the BIA that Kalaj failed to demonstrate extraordinary
circumstances. See Gjyzi v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 710, 714 (6th Cir. 2004) (concluding that the court
“lack[s] jurisdiction to review the denial of an asylum application based on the factual determination
that the application was untimely filed”); see also Molina-Estrada v. INS, 293 F.3d 1089, 1093 (9th
Cir. 2002) (holding that the court lacked jurisdiction to review the BIA’s determination that no
extraordinary circumstances excused an alien’s failure to timely file an application for asylum).
Thus, Kalaj’s challenge to the BIA’s findings on this issue must fail.
C. Withholding of removal and protection under the CAT
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No. 03-4533
Kalaj v. Ashcroft
Even though we lack jurisdiction to review Kalaj’s claim for asylum, his failure to file a
timely asylum application does not preclude us from considering claims that he is eligible both for
withholding of removal and for deferral of removal under the CAT. See Reyes-Reyes v. Ashcroft,
384 F.3d 782 (9th Cir. 2004) (finding that the court lacked jurisdiction to decide the petitioner’s
asylum claim, but ruling on the merits of his claims regarding withholding of removal and protection
under the CAT). Kalaj raised these claims before both the IJ and the BIA, but he does not argue in
his appellate brief that he qualifies for withholding of removal or for protection under the CAT.
Instead, he simply asserts that the BIA erred in finding that “the petitioner was not eligible for
asylum” and asks the court to “grant [him] the relief of asylum.” Kalaj has therefore waived these
claims. See Ewolski v. City of Brunswick, 287 F.3d 492, 516 (6th Cir. 2002) (holding that arguments
not raised in a party’s appellate brief are waived).
Even if Kalaj had raised these arguments, moreover, they are without merit. Kalaj failed to
establish that his life or freedom would be threatened in Albania on account of his race, religion,
nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion, see 8 U.S.C. § 1253(h),
or that he was likely to be tortured if removed to Albania, see 8 C.F.R. § 208.16(c)(2).
III. CONCLUSION
For all of the reasons set forth above, we DISMISS for lack of jurisdiction Kalaj’s claim
regarding his untimely application for asylum and AFFIRM the judgment of the BIA with respect
to Kalaj’s other claims.
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