Affirmed and Memorandum Opinion filed May 15, 2014.
In The
Fourteenth Court of Appeals
NO. 14-13-00450-CR
STEVEN WAYNE ISBEL, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 184th District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 1322305
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant Steven Wayne Isbel appeals his conviction for fraudulent
possession of identifying information. He asserts that the evidence is legally
insufficient to support the conviction and challenges the trial court’s assessment of
court costs. We affirm.
BACKGROUND
Officer Christopher Bruce testified that he was dispatched to a service
station to investigate a report of a woman harassing customers. It was reported that
the woman was approaching customers and offering to pay for their gas with a
credit card in exchange for cash.
When Bruce arrived at the service station he located the woman and
appellant, who were seated in a vehicle together; the woman sat in the driver’s seat
and appellant sat in the passenger seat. Bruce walked up to the driver’s door and
began to introduce himself. As he did so, the woman turned from him and grabbed
something black. Concerned for his safety, Bruce told the woman to place her
hands on the steering wheel. When the woman refused to show her hands, Bruce
opened the door and physically removed her from the vehicle. Bruce placed the
woman in handcuffs and noticed she was concealing crack cocaine in one hand.
After seeing the cocaine, Bruce called for backup. While waiting for backup to
arrive, Bruce observed appellant “fidgeting” in the passenger seat; he also
observed appellant discard a plastic baggie; Bruce suspected that it contained
cocaine. Appellant stepped out of the car after Bruce asked him to do so and Bruce
then placed appellant in handcuffs.
After securing both individuals, Bruce searched the car and found a “black
Oakley [sunglass] case” containing two syringes, a used crack pipe, and a baggie
containing a crystalline substance. On the passenger side, Bruce found a clear
plastic baggie with white crystal-like residue. Bruce found appellant’s wallet and a
passport where appellant had been sitting. In appellant’s wallet, Bruce found an
armed forces identification card, a KBR employee access card, and a
Transportation Worker Identification Card, each of which bore the name Gerald
Field. Appellant’s identification was also in the wallet. Underneath the wallet was
a passport in the name of Joseph Johnson. Bruce also found “two bags full of
Gerald Field’s paperwork,” which consisted of a passport, social security card,
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driver’s license, birth certificate, marriage license, military discharge certificate,
health insurance card, and earnings statements, each of which bore the name
Gerald Field; some of the items also contained Field’s social security number.
Bruce ran Field’s and Johnson’s names through the Houston Police Department
computer and learned they had reported a recent burglary.
Johnson and Field testified that they were staying in a hotel in Houston
while training for jobs with KBR. Both men worked in transportation and support
for the military in Iraq and Afghanistan. Due to the nature of their work the Human
Resources department at KBR required them to provide detailed identification
documents such as their passports, birth certificates, social security cards, and
marriage licenses in addition to immunization records. Shortly before both men
were to travel overseas, their hotel room was burglarized and these items were
taken. Johnson and Field identified the documents found in appellant’s possession
as the documents that were taken from them.
Field testified that shortly after the burglary his wife received a phone call
from a check cashing location because an unidentified individual had attempted to
cash one of Field’s checks.
Appellant was convicted of fraudulent possession of identifying information.
He stipulated to two prior convictions, and was sentenced to forty years in prison.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
In his first issue appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to show
he acted with intent to defraud or harm another. When reviewing the sufficiency of
the evidence, we view all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict
and determine whether, based on that evidence and any reasonable inferences from
it, any rational fact finder could have found the elements of the offense beyond a
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reasonable doubt. Gear v. State, 340 S.W.3d 743, 746 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011)
(citing Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 318–19 (1979)). The jury is the
exclusive judge of the credibility of witnesses and the weight of the evidence.
Isassi v. State, 330 S.W.3d 633, 638 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010). We defer to the
jury’s responsibility to fairly resolve conflicts in the evidence, and we draw all
reasonable inferences from the evidence in favor of the verdict. Id.
ANALYSIS
I. Sufficiency of the Evidence to Support the Conviction
Appellant was charged under section 32.51 of the Texas Penal Code, which
states a person commits an offense if, with the intent to harm or defraud another,
he obtains, possesses, transfers, or uses an item of identifying information of
another person without the other person’s consent. Tex. Penal Code § 32.51(b).
Identifying information includes information that alone or in conjunction with
other information identifies a person, including a person’s name and date of birth.
Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 32.51(a)(1)(A) (West Supp. 2013). The purpose of this
section is to protect individuals from identity theft. See Ford v. State, 282 S.W.3d
256, 264–65 (Tex. App.—Austin 2009, no pet.).
To find appellant guilty of fraudulent possession of identifying information,
the jury had to find beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant possessed Field’s and
Johnson’s identifying information without their consent, and that appellant did so
with the intent to harm or defraud another. See Tex. Penal Code § 32.51. “Harm” is
defined under the Texas Penal Code as:
[A]nything reasonably regarded as loss, disadvantage, or injury,
including harm to another person in whose welfare the person affected
is interested.
Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 1.07(a)(25) (West Supp. 2013).
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Juries are free to “use common sense and apply common knowledge,
observation, and experience gained in the ordinary affairs of life when giving
effect to the inferences that may reasonably be drawn from the evidence.” Aguilar
v. State, 263 S.W.3d 430, 434 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, pet. ref’d),
quoting Taylor v. State, 71 S.W.3d 792, 795 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2002, pet.
ref’d). This includes inferring intent from an individual’s acts, words, or conduct.
Guevara v. State, 152 S.W.3d 45, 50 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004).
Appellant relies on Crittenden v. State, 671 S.W.2d 527 (Tex. Crim. App.
1984), and Stuebgen v. State, 547 S.W.2d 29 (Tex. Crim. App. 1977), in arguing
that that the evidence is insufficient to support a finding that he intended to harm or
defraud another. The facts presented in each of these cases are distinguishable from
the facts of this case.
In Crittenden, the court held that the State failed to prove the defendant’s
knowledge of a forgery when he passed a check. 671 S.W.2d at 528. The defendant
had attempted to open checking and savings accounts with a forged check. Id. at
527. When the bank teller became suspicious she asked Crittenden to wait while
she called the person who allegedly signed the check. Id. The individual confirmed
her suspicion that the check was forged. Id. Crittenden told the police he had
received the check in the mail from his attorney who had been representing him in
a personal injury case, which had recently settled. Id. The check, although drawn
on the account of a service station, appeared to have been signed by Crittenden’s
personal injury attorney. Id. at 528. At trial, the attorney testified that he had told
Crittenden the case had settled, but he had not received the settlement funds, nor
had he signed the check. Id. The court found that although the State proved the
forgery, it failed to show that Crittenden possessed the check with intent to defraud
or harm. Id. The court noted that Crittenden made no statement from which it
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could be inferred he knew the instrument was forged, he was listed as the payee
and did not falsely represent himself, and there was no connection made between
appellant and the check stolen from the service station prior to the time appellant
said he received it in the mail. Id. The court further noted that Crittenden made no
attempt to flee the bank while the teller phoned the attorney to determine if the
check was genuine. Id. For those reasons, the Court of Criminal Appeals
determined that the evidence was insufficient to support a finding that Crittenden
intended to defraud or harm another by presenting the check to the bank. Id.
Similarly, in Stuebgen, the defendant presented a forged check for payment
at a grocery store; the store later learned the check had been forged. 547 S.W.2d at
31. Stuebgen was listed as the payee on the check. Id. The State did not produce
any evidence that Stuebgen’s handwriting was anywhere on the check, nor did
Stuebgen make any statement from which knowledge of the forgery could be
inferred. Id. at 32. In light of the fact that Stuebgen did not falsely represent
himself when presenting the check for payment, the Court of Criminal Appeals
held that the State failed to prove that he knew the instrument he passed was
forged. Id. at 32–33.
By contrast, in this case, police discovered stolen identifying information in
appellant’s wallet and in bags in the back seat of his car. When approached by
police officers, appellant did not initially cooperate; instead, he attempted to hide
his wallet and Johnson’s passport by sitting on them. Johnson testified that in
order to leave the country for his employer he had to get a “one-day turnaround on
[his] passport, which is very costly.” He was within 30 minutes of missing his
flight due to the loss of his passport. Field was required to contact his bank and
credit card companies to cancel his checking account and credit cards.
Intent may be proved by circumstantial evidence, Williams v. State, 688
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S.W.2d 486, 488 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985), and a person’s intent may be inferred
from acts, words, or conduct. Guevara v. State, 152 S.W.3d at 50. The State
introduced evidence that appellant possessed stolen identifying information from
Field and Johnson including social security numbers, passports, and driver’s
licenses without their permission. Unlike Crittenden and Stuebgen, appellant’s
actions reflected that he knew he possessed another’s stolen identifying
information and attempted to conceal it from police. A rational fact finder could
have inferred that appellant possessed the information with intent to harm Field
and Johnson. See Garcia v. State, 630 S.W.2d 303, 305 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st
Dist.] 1981, no pet.) (holding “use of deception by an accused” in the form of
“engaging in behavior designed to avoid detection” is “evidence of intent to
defraud and harm”). We find the evidence sufficient to support a finding that
appellant had intent to harm or defraud another, and overrule appellant’s first issue.
II. Court Costs
In his second issue appellant argues the trial court’s assessment of court
costs was unlawful. Appellant requests modification of the judgment to delete the
assessment of court costs because the bill of costs was not prepared and certified
until after the judgment was signed.
The judgment includes an assessment of $259 in court costs. The record
contains a certified, signed bill of costs listing $259 in court costs. We review the
assessment of court costs on appeal to determine if there is a basis for the costs, not
to determine whether there was sufficient evidence offered at trial to prove each
cost. Johnson v. State, 423 S.W.3d 385, 390 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014). Traditional
sufficiency-of-the-evidence standards of review do not apply. Id.
Generally, a bill of costs must (1) contain the items of cost, (2) be signed by
the officer who charged the cost or the officer who is entitled to receive payment
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for the cost, and (3) be certified. Id. at 392–93; see Tex. Crim. Proc. Code Ann.
arts. 103.001, 103.006 (West 2006). The record supports the assessment of costs in
this case because the record contains a bill of costs that contains each item of cost,
is signed by a representative of the district clerk’s office who is entitled to receive
payment of the costs, and is certified by the district clerk. See Johnson, 423 S.W.3d
at 393. There being no challenge to any specific cost or the basis for the
assessment of such cost, the bill of costs supports the costs assessed in the
judgment. Id. at 396. The fact that the bill of costs was not prepared until after the
court signed the judgment does not defeat the lawfulness of the bill of costs. Id. at
394. (“[M]atters pertaining to the imposition of court costs need not be brought to
the attention of the trial court, including a bill of costs prepared after a criminal
trial.”). We overrule appellant’s second issue.
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
/s/ William J. Boyce
Justice
Panel consists of Justices Boyce, Busby, and Wise.
Do Not Publish — TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).
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