[Cite as Welch v. Prompt Recovery Servs., Inc., 2015-Ohio-3867.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
PATRICIA WELCH C.A. No. 27175
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
PROMPT RECOVERY SERVICES, INC., STOW MUNICIPAL COURT
et al. COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
CASE No. 2012 CVF 1636
Appellants
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: September 23, 2015
WHITMORE, Judge.
{¶1} Appellants Prompt Recovery Services, Inc. (“Prompt”) and Glenn Ivancic appeal
the judgment of the Stow Municipal Court which overruled Appellants’ objections, affirmed the
decision of the magistrate, and entered judgment in favor of Appellee Patricia Welch. This
Court affirms.
I
{¶2} Ms. Welch was fired from her job as a bookkeeper for Prompt. She filed a
complaint and an amended complaint alleging claims for: (1) failure to pay minimum wage; (2)
violation of R.C. 4113.15; (3) failure to keep accurate payroll records under Article II, Section
34a of the Ohio Constitution; (4) breach of an employment contract; and (5) unjust enrichment.
{¶3} The magistrate held a trial and journalized a decision finding for Welch.
Appellants objected. Appellants did not file a transcript of the trial with their objections.
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{¶4} Ms. Welch next filed a motion for attorney fees. The magistrate conducted a
hearing on the motion. Appellants filed a brief in opposition to the motion. Appellants did not
provide a transcript of the attorney fee hearing with their opposition. The magistrate issued
another decision, this time awarding statutory damages and attorney fees to Ms. Welch.
{¶5} The trial court overruled all of Appellants’ objections to the magistrate’s decision
on the merits of the amended complaint, and the magistrate’s decision on attorney fees. The
court entered judgment for Ms. Welch in the amount of $3,381.18 for back wages. The court
also awarded Ms. Welch $6,762.36 in statutory damages under R.C. 4111.14. Lastly, the court
awarded Ms. Welch attorney fees totaling $11,955.00.
{¶6} Appellants take this appeal from the trial court’s decisions on the merits of the
amended complaint, statutory damages, and attorney fees. Appellants raise one assignment of
error for our review.
II
Assignment of Error Number One
THE FINDING OF THE TRIAL COURT WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST
WEIGH[T OF] THE EVIDENCE, AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION, AND
CONTRARY TO LAW.
{¶7} Appellants argue that the trial court erred because Ms. Welch allegedly failed to
prove that: (1) Mr. Ivancic was an employer under Article II, Section 34a of the Ohio
Constitution and R.C. Chapter 4111; (2) Appellants violated R.C. 4111.14(F) by not keeping
records identifying the hours that Ms. Welch worked each day; (3) Appellants violated Article II,
Section 34a of the Ohio Constitution and R.C. 4113.15 by not paying Ms. Welch for hours
worked; and (4) Appellants breached an employment contract with Ms. Welch. Appellants also
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claim that the trial court’s awards of statutory damages and attorney fees were excessive. We
disagree.
{¶8} The standard of review for a trial court judgment that adopts a magistrate’s
decision is abuse of discretion. Bobel Elec., Inc. v. Friedman¸ 9th Dist. Lorain No.
03CA008217, 2003 WL 22015388, *2 (Aug. 27, 2003). Under this standard, we determine
whether the trial court’s decision was arbitrary, unreasonable, or unconscionable, and not merely
an error of law or judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983).
{¶9} “In so doing, we consider the trial court’s action with reference to the nature of
the underlying matter.” Tabatabai v. Tabatabai, 9th Dist. Medina No. 08CA0049-M, 2009-
Ohio-3139, ¶ 18. Thus, we consider “whether the trial court abused its discretion by determining
that the findings of the magistrate were supported by the weight of the evidence.” Id. In a civil
case, like this one, the “appropriate determination [is] whether the magistrate’s decision [is]
‘supported by some competent, credible evidence.’” Id., quoting Bryan-Wollman v. Domonko,
115 Ohio St.3d 291, 2007-Ohio-4918, ¶ 3.
{¶10} In the case below, the trial court correctly concluded that it was bound by the
magistrate’s findings of fact, because Appellants failed to provide a transcript of the proceedings
before the magistrate, or a proper affidavit in place of a transcript. Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b)(iii) states
in relevant part that “[a]n objection to a factual finding, whether or not specifically designated as
a finding of fact under Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(a)(ii), shall be supported by a transcript of all the
evidence submitted to the magistrate relevant to that finding or an affidavit of that evidence if a
transcript is not available.” Appellants failed to provide a transcript of either the trial or the
hearing on attorney fees. Moreover, although Appellants provided an affidavit, the affidavit was
inadequate under Civ.R. 53. An affidavit offered in lieu of a transcript under Civ.R. 53 must
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certify that the transcript was unavailable, and it must describe all relevant evidence presented to
the magistrate. Saipan v. Coy, 9th Dist. Summit No. 21800, 2004-Ohio-2670, ¶ 7; Levine v.
Brown, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 92862, 2009-Ohio-5012, ¶ 20. Appellants’ affidavit does neither.
The affidavit makes no mention whether the transcript is available. Moreover, it presents a
cursory statement only of facts supporting Appellants’ own arguments, instead of “all the
evidence submitted to the magistrate relevant to [Appellants’ objections].” Civ.R.
53(D)(3)(b)(ii). Without a transcript or proper affidavit, the trial court was required to accept the
magistrate’s factual findings. See Trammell v. McCortney, 9th Dist. Summit No. 25840, 2011-
Ohio-6598, ¶ 9; Stewart v. Taylor, 9th Dist. Wayne No. 02CA0026, 2002-Ohio-6121, ¶ 11.
{¶11} “Moreover, in the absence of a properly filed transcript or affidavit of the
evidence, this Court must also conclude that the trial court’s decision was supported by some
competent, credible evidence * * *.” Trammell at ¶ 9. Accordingly, this Court must hold that
the trial court’s factual determinations are not against the manifest weight of the evidence, and,
therefore, do not constitute an abuse of discretion.
{¶12} Because we must accept all of the trial court’s factual findings as true, we may
review only the trial court’s conclusions of law based upon the accepted findings of fact. Saipan
at ¶ 9. “A trial court’s legal conclusions are afforded no deference, but are reviewed de novo.”
Id., citing Canton Fin. v. Pritt, 9th Dist. Wayne No. 01CA0048, 2002-Ohio-2645, ¶ 6.
{¶13} Appellants first challenge the trial court’s legal conclusion that Mr. Ivancic was
Ms. Welch’s “employer” as that term is used in Article II, Section 34a of the Ohio Constitution
and R.C. Chapter 4111. Article II, Section 34a of the Constitution states that, with certain
exceptions not applicable here, the term “employer” has “the same meanings as under the federal
5
Fair Labor Standards Act [(“FLSA”)].”1 Ohio Constitution, Article II, Section 34a. The FLSA
defines an “[e]mployer” as including “any person acting directly or indirectly in the interest of an
employer in relation to an employee * * *.” 29 U.S.C. 203(d). Similarly, R.C. 4111.03(D)(2)
states that an “[e]mployer” includes “any person * * * acting in the interest of an employer in
relation to an employee.” Here, the trial court considered that Mr. Ivancic fell within the
relevant definitions of employer because he was president of Prompt and exercised operational
control over the company, hired and fired Ms. Welch, defined her job duties, set her wages,
permitted her to work remotely, required her to work while she was out of town, and determined
her leave. Without a transcript or proper affidavit to dispute these factual findings, we cannot
determine that the trial court reached an erroneous conclusion of law.
{¶14} Second, Appellants contest the legal conclusion that they should be liable for
failing to keep accurate records of Ms. Welch’s hours worked each day as required under the
Ohio Constitution and R.C. 4111.14(F). Appellants argue that they should not be held liable for
inaccurate records of Ms. Welch’s hours worked, because Ms. Welch was the employee
responsible for creating and maintaining those records at Prompt. Contrary to Appellants’
argument, however, the duty to keep adequate and accurate records under Ohio law rests
squarely on the employer. Article II, Section 34a of the Constitution and R.C. 4111.14(F) both
provide that an “employer shall maintain a record of the * * * hours worked for each day
worked[,] and each amount paid an employee * * *.” Moreover, R.C. 4111.14(I) repeatedly
refers to the “employer’s compliance” with the record-keeping requirement of R.C. 4111.14, and
states:
1
The claims in this case arise under Ohio law. We do not address whether the FLSA also
applies, because the parties did not raise the issue and a transcript of the proceedings below was
not provided.
6
In accordance with Section 34a of Article II, Ohio Constitution, the state may on
its own initiative investigate an employer’s compliance with Section 34a of
Article II, Ohio Constitution and any law or regulation implementing Section 34a
of Article II, Ohio Constitution. The employer shall make available to the state
any records related to such investigation and other information required for
enforcement of Section 34a of Article II, Ohio Constitution or any law or
regulation implementing Section 34a of Article II, Ohio Constitution. The state
shall investigate an employer’s compliance with this section in accordance with
the procedures described in section 4111.04 of the Revised Code.
R.C. 4111.14(I). Thus, the Constitution and R.C. 4111.14 create liability for an employer that
fails to maintain accurate records, without regard for who created the records. The trial court
therefore was correct to conclude that the legal consequences of failing to comply with the
record-keeping requirements of the Constitution and R.C. 4111.14(F) fall upon Appellants.
{¶15} Appellants further challenge the trial court’s conclusion that Appellants failed to
pay Ms. Welch for hours worked. This was purely a factual determination by the trial court. As
discussed, we must accept the trial court’s factual findings as true. See Trammell, 2011-Ohio-
6598, at ¶ 9. Accordingly, we will not disturb the trial court’s findings regarding the number of
hours Ms. Welch worked for which she was not paid. The trial court was within its discretion to
hold that Appellants improperly withheld pay from Ms. Welch.
{¶16} Next, Appellants dispute the trial court’s conclusion that Appellants breached an
employment contract with Ms. Welch. They argue that no contract existed, because Ms. Welch’s
at-will employment status precluded the existence of an employment contract. The trial court
correctly concluded that at-will status does not necessarily preclude the existence of an
employment contract. See, e.g., Rigby v. Fallsway Equip. Co., Inc., 150 Ohio App.3d 155, 2002-
Ohio-6120, ¶ 13 (9th Dist.) (an employment contract that does not specify a specific term of
employment “terminable at will by either party”). The court also made factual findings
demonstrating that: (1) Ms. Welch proved the requirements to show the existence of a contract;
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(2) she performed under the contract; (3) Appellants breached the contract; and (4) Ms. Welch
suffered damage or loss as a result of the breach. Because this Court may not reconsider the
factual findings that are the basis of the trial court’s legal analysis, we are compelled to sustain
the trial court’s finding that Appellants breached an employment contract with Ms. Welch.
{¶17} Appellants further contend that the trial court abused its discretion in awarding
damages. Appellants’ claim is untenable. To begin, the trial court’s conclusion that Appellants
owe $3,381.18 in back wages is a factual determination based on hours worked and not
compensated that this Court may not review in the absence of a transcript or affidavit. Further,
the court calculated statutory damages of $6,762.36 in accordance with the express mandate of
both Article II, Section 34a of the Ohio Constitution and R.C. 4111.14(J). Section 34a and R.C.
4111.14(J) both require that damages “shall be calculated as an additional two times the amount
of the back wages * * *.” This is precisely what the trial court did.
{¶18} There is no merit to Appellants’ claim that the trial court should have reduced the
statutory damages because Appellants acted in good faith. As a threshold matter, there was no
evidence before the trial court to support a factual finding of good faith, because Appellants
neglected to provide either a transcript of the proceedings before the magistrate, or a proper
affidavit under Civ.R. 53. The trial court’s calculation of statutory damages was not an abuse of
discretion.
{¶19} Appellants argue next that the attorney fee award of $11,955.00 is unreasonable
because it exceeds the damages award. The standard of review for an award of attorney fees is
abuse of discretion. Motorists Mut. Ins. Co. v. Brandenburg, 72 Ohio St.3d 157, (1995).
8
{¶20} This Court affirms the trial court’s attorney fee award as reasonable. The
Supreme Court of Ohio has refused to establish a rule linking reasonable attorney fees to the
underlying monetary award. Bittner v. Tri-Cty. Toyota, Inc., 58 Ohio St.3d 143, 144 (1991).
Instead of tying the attorney fees to the underlying award, the trial court properly adopted the
magistrate’s application of the lodestar method of calculating fees. Turner v. Progressive Corp.,
140 Ohio App.3d 112, 116 (8th Dist.2000) (the law is “well established that the first step in
determining an award of attorney fees is the computation of the lodestar figure”).
{¶21} As is required under the lodestar method, the court first calculated the number of
hours reasonably expended on the case times a reasonable hourly fee. Bittner at 145. The next
step is to raise or lower the lodestar based upon factors that may include:
the time and labor involved in maintaining the litigation; the novelty and
difficulty of the questions involved; the professional skill required to perform the
necessary legal services; the attorney’s inability to accept other cases; the fee
customarily charged; the amount involved and the results obtained; any necessary
time limitations; the nature and length of the attorney/client relationship; the
experience, reputation, and ability of the attorney; and whether the fee is fixed or
contingent.
Bittner at 145-46. The trial court did not make independent findings of fact regarding
the lodestar test factors. Indeed, the court could not make factual findings without a transcript of
the attorney fee hearing before the magistrate. The trial court instead accepted the magistrate’s
findings of fact regarding the lodestar factors as the court was required to do, found that the
magistrate considered all of the relevant factors, and adopted the magistrate’s recommended
award of attorney fees.
{¶22} Like the court below, we must accept the magistrate’s factual findings in relation
to the calculation of attorney fees. Without a transcript of the attorney fee hearing, we presume
regularity in the lower court’s determination of attorney fees. Black v. Black, 113 Ohio App.3d
9
473, 477 (9th Dist.1996), citing Knapp v. Edwards Laboratories, 61 Ohio St.2d 197, 199 (1980);
Volodkevich v. Volodkevich, 48 Ohio App.3d 313, 314 (9th Dist.1989). Accordingly, the trial
court’s attorney fee award was not an abuse of discretion.
{¶23} For all of the reasons stated, Appellants’ sole assignment of error is overruled.
III
{¶24} Appellants’ assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Stow
Municipal Court is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Stow Municipal
Court, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellants.
BETH WHITMORE
FOR THE COURT
10
HENSAL, P. J.
SCHAFER, J.
CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
CRAIG A. ADAMS, Attorney at Law, for Appellants.
DAVID N. TRUMAN, Attorney at La,w for Appellee.