United States v. Warner, Anthony T.

UNPUBLISHED ORDER Not to be cited per Circuit Rule 53 United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604 Submitted March 28, 2006* Decided March 30, 2006 Before Hon. RICHARD A. POSNER, Circuit Judge Hon. FRANK H. EASTERBROOK, Circuit Judge Hon. TERENCE T. EVANS, Circuit Judge No. 05-2770 Appeal from the United States District Court for the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Northern District of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, Eastern Division. v. No. 04 CR 316 ANTHONY WARNER, Matthew F. Kennelly, Defendant-Appellant. Judge. Order Anthony Warner pleaded guilty to bank robbery, 18 U.S.C. §2113(a), and was sentenced to 151 months’ imprisonment after the district judge concluded that he is a career offender. U.S.S.G. §4B1.1. Warner’s appellate counsel seeks to withdraw because he cannot identify a non-frivolous issue. He has filed a brief that conforms to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). Notified of this, see Circuit Rule 51(b), Warner has filed a response and seeks to proceed pro se. Although there is no con- stitutional right to self-representation on appeal, see Martinez v. Court of Appeal, 528 U.S. 152 (2000), every litigant in federal court has a statutory entitlement to dispense with counsel, see 28 U.S.C. §1654, so this request is granted and counsel is discharged. But Warner is mistaken if he believes that this step ensures that the * After an examination of the briefs and the record, we have concluded that oral argument is un- necessary, and the appeal is submitted on the briefs and the record. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); Cir. R. 34(f). No. 05-2770 Page 2 appeal will proceed to briefing. The question remains whether the appeal is frivo- lous; if it is, it may be dismissed summarily. Warner wants to present two contentions. The first is that the district court could not sentence him as a career offender without giving notice prior to his guilty plea. This contention confuses 21 U.S.C. §851, which requires pre-plea notice for certain drug offenses via an information filed by the United States Attorney, with U.S.S.G. §4B1.1, which does not require notice. The reason for the difference is that an information under §851 raises the statutory maximum penalty and may impose a mandatory minimum penalty as well. Defendants need to know the potential sen- tencing range before pleading guilty. Treatment as a career offender, by contrast, does not affect the statutory punishment range. Neither the Guidelines nor any statute requires a pre-plea notice about the effect of prior convictions on the calcula- tion of a Guideline sentencing range. Burns v. United States, 501 U.S. 129 (1991), requires notice before the date of sentencing (not the date of plea) if the judge pro- poses to depart upward from the Guidelines range. Application of §4B1.1 is not a departure, and at all events the presentence report gave timely notice. Warner’s second theme is that the district judge violated the sixth amendment by calculating the sentence based on facts that had not been found by a jury. There are two problems with this line of argument. First, by pleading guilty Warner waived any entitlement to have factual contests resolved by a jury. Second, the Su- preme Court held in United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220, 246–67 (2005), that dis- trict judges may resolve factual disputes material to sentencing as long as they treat the Guidelines as advisory rather than conclusive. Warner was sentenced af- ter Booker, and the district judge followed that decision’s approach. Despite Warner’s discharge of his appellate lawyer, we have consulted counsel’s submission to consider whether there are any other potential appellate issues that might be non-frivolous. We agree with counsel that none is available. The district judge rightly classified Warner as a career offender, and the resulting sentence is reasonable. Accordingly, the appeal is dismissed as frivolous.