[Cite as Becker v. Becker, 2015-Ohio-3992.]
COURT OF APPEALS
ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
CARL BECKER : JUDGES:
: Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
Plaintiff-Appellant : Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J.
: Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
-vs- :
:
PAUL BECKER, ET AL. : Case No. 15-COA-006
:
Defendants-Appellees : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Court of Common
Pleas, Case No. 14-CIV-281
JUDGMENT: Affirmed/Reversed in Part/Remanded
DATE OF JUDGMENT: September 28, 2015
APPEARANCES:
For Carl Becker For Paul and Patty Becker
VINCENT DEPASCALE THOMAS W. WRIGHT
786 Northwest Boulevard MATTHEW P. BARINGER
Grandview Heights, OH 43212 1200 Fifth Third Center
600 Superior Avenue, East
For Marti Irwin Cleveland, OH 44114-2654
ERIN N. POPLAR
103 Milan Avenue, Suite 6 For William Baker
Amherst, OH 44001 MATTHEW P. MULLEN
158 North Broadway Street
For Gene Miller New Philadelphia, OH 44663
LOUIS M. DEMARCO
JAMES J. REAGAN For Jackson Kochheiser
50 South Main Street, Suite 615 LAVELL O. PAYNE
Akron, OH 44308 ROBERT B. SUTHERLAND
50 South Main Street, Suite 502
For James Fish Akron, OH 44308
CRAIG COBB
55 Public Square, Suite 1580
Cleveland, OH 44113
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-006 2
Farmer, J.
{¶1} In the spring of 2014, appellant, Carl Becker, was arrested and charged
with two counts of abduction in violation of R.C. 2905.02. Appellant's bond was set at
$50,000.00, and he was able to make bond. Shortly thereafter, appellant's bond was
increased to $150,000.00, and he remained in jail. Appellant requested a bond hearing.
On April 10, 2014, the Richland County Grand Jury indicted appellant on the two
abduction charges (Case No. 2014CR218D).
{¶2} A bond hearing before a magistrate was held on April 14, 2014. By
decision filed April 15, 2014, the magistrate reinstated the original bond of $50,000.00.
The trial court adopted the magistrate's decision and appellant posted the bond and was
released from jail.
{¶3} On November 13, 2014, appellant filed a civil lawsuit against appellees,
Paul and Patty Becker, James Fish, William Baker, Marti Irwin, Gene Miller, and
Jackson Kochheiser. Appellant also included three "Doe" defendants. In the complaint,
appellant alleged appellees were residents of Ashland County and they all played a role
in making sure his bond was increased by informing the Richland County Prosecutor's
Office that he was a suspect "in a number of sex related crimes such as stalking women
or window peeping at Ashland University" and he had "told a person from the church,
that when he got out of jail on bond, he was going to kill Paul Becker, Carl Becker's wife
Bernice Becker, and then himself." Also, appellant alleged after he was released from
jail, appellee Kochheiser contacted the Ashland County Sheriff's Office and the Richland
County Probation Office and claimed appellant had violated the terms of his bond.
Deputies investigated and found the allegation to be untrue. Appellant listed causes of
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-006 3
action for defamation, wrongful incarceration, kidnapping, civil abuse of the legal
process, invasion of privacy, excessive bond and the loss of the use and enjoyment of
his property, assault and battery, attorney's fees, fraud, and punitive or exemplary
damages.
{¶4} On December 24, 2014, appellee Irwin filed a Civ.R. 12(C) motion to
dismiss six of the causes of action, claiming they failed to state a claim for relief. On
January 14, 2015, appellee Irwin filed an amended Civ.R. 12 (C) motion to dismiss all
the causes of action, claiming they all failed to state a claim for relief. By judgment
entry filed January 28, 2015, the trial court found appellees' statements were protected
by absolute privilege and dismissed appellant's complaint.
{¶5} Appellant filed an appeal and this matter is now before this court for
consideration. Assignments of error are as follows:
I
{¶6} "THE COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT AN ABSOLUTE PRIVILEGE
EXISTED ON THE FACTS OF THIS CASE."
II
{¶7} "THE COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT ANY PRIVILEGE EXISTED ON
THE FACTS OF THIS CASE."
III
{¶8} "THE COURT ERRED IN DISMISSING ALL CAUSES OF ACTION."
IV
{¶9} "THE COURT ERRED IN DISMISSING ALL CAUSES OF ACTION
AGAINST ALL DEFENDANTS."
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-006 4
I, II, III, IV
{¶10} Appellant claims the trial court erred in finding the existence of absolute
privilege and/or any privilege and erred in granting the Civ.R. 12(C) motion to dismiss all
the causes of action against all appellees. We agree only as to appellee Kochheiser
and to the report to the Ashland County Sheriff's Office and the Richland County
Probation Office relative to the alleged bond violation.
{¶11} Civ.R. 12(C) states: "After the pleadings are closed but within such time as
not to delay the trial, any party may move for judgment on the pleadings." In Estate of
Heath v. Grange Mutual Casualty Co., 5th Dist. Delaware No. 02CAE05023, 2002-Ohio-
5494, ¶ 8–9, this court succinctly stated the standard of review as follows:
The standard of review of the grant of a Motion for Judgment on the
Pleadings is the same as the standard of review for a Civ.R. 12(B)(6)
Motion. As the reviewing court, our review of a dismissal of a complaint
based upon a judgment on the pleadings requires us to independently
review the complaint and determine if the dismissal was appropriate. Rich
v. Erie County Department of Human Resources (1995), 106 Ohio App.3d
88, 91, 665 N.E.2d 278. Judgment on the pleadings may be granted
where no material factual issue exists. However, it is axiomatic that a
motion for judgment on the pleadings is restricted solely to the allegations
contained in those pleadings. Flanagan v. Williams (1993), 87 Ohio
App.3d 768, 623 N.E.2d 185. See, also, Nelson v. Pleasant(1991), 73
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-006 5
Ohio App.3d 479, 481, 597 N.E.2d 1137; Barilatz v. Luke (Dec. 7, 1995),
Cuyahoga App. No. 68304, unreported, 1995 WL 723294.
A reviewing court need not defer to the trial court's decision in such
cases. Id. A Motion for a Judgment on the Pleadings, pursuant to
Civ.R. 12(C), presents only questions of law. Peterson v. Teodosia
[Teodosio] (1973), 34 Ohio St.2d 161, 165-166 [63 O.O.2d 262], 297
N.E.2d 113. The determination of a motion under Civ.R. 12(C) is
restricted solely to the allegations in the pleadings and the nonmoving
party is entitled to have all material allegations in the complaint, with all
reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom, construed in her favor. Id.
{¶12} Although only appellee Irwin filed a Civ.R. 12(C) motion, the trial court
analyzed the complaint and dismissed all the causes of action against all appellees.
{¶13} At the time of the dismissal, the state of the record was as follows: the
complaint was filed on November 13, 2014, all appellees were in answer by January 15,
2015, and the trial court's judgment entry dismissing the complaint was filed on January
28, 2015. By that date, discovery had in fact commenced, but there was a pending
motion for protective orders filed by appellant. The trial court's dismissal of all the
claims against all appellees was granted seventy-six days after the filing of the
complaint.
{¶14} The November 13, 2014 complaint included ten causes of action:
defamation, wrongful incarceration, kidnapping, civil abuse of the legal process,
invasion of privacy, excessive bond and the loss of the use and enjoyment of his
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-006 6
property, assault and battery, attorney's fees, fraud, and punitive or exemplary
damages. Within these ten causes of action, appellant named the claims and as a
caveat, added "however it may be named or designated." In setting forth the causes of
action, the complaint alleged "actions, conduct, statements, allegations, agreements,
conspiracies and collusion, lies, misrepresentations, plans, programs, and
prevarications" by appellees. The causes of action stemmed from two incidents. The
first and most relevant to all appellees was that they caused the Richland County
Prosecutor's Office to request an increase of appellant's bond from $50,000.00 to
$150,000.00 in his pending Richland County criminal case:
12. One or more of the Defendants on behalf of themselves and the
other Defendants, and in concert with the other Defendants, contacted the
Richland County Prosecutor's Office, on one or more occasions, and
advised the Prosecutors:
a. That Carl Becker was the suspect, or person of interest, in a
number of sex related crimes such as stalking women or window peeping
at Ashland University at unknown and unspecified times.
b. That Carl Becker was the suspect, or person of interest, in other
various sex crimes or sexual related crimes, at unspecified places and
times.
c. That Carl Becker had told a person from the church, that when
he got out of jail on bond, he was going to kill Paul Becker, Carl Becker's
wife Bernice Becker, and then himself.
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-006 7
{¶15} The second incident involved appellee Kochheiser, alleging he made false
claims to the Ashland County Sheriff's Office and the Richland County Probation Office
resulting in an investigation:
17. Once Carl Becker was out of jail on bond, Jackson Kochheiser,
on 18 MAY 14, contacted the Ashland County Sheriff's Office and the
Richland County Probation Office and made false and malicious claims
that Carl Becker had violated the terms of his bond by being seen in
Mansfield and by going to the home of Alice French where Jackson
Kochheiser claimed he heard "something" that indicated to him that the
people there were in danger from Carl Becker.
18. As a result of the allegations by Jackson Kochheiser Ashland
County Sheriff's Deputies, a Mansfield Police Officer, and someone from
Richland County Probation appeared at the home of Alice French
searching for Carl Becker and intending to protect Alice French from harm
by Carl Becker.
19. At all relevant times on 18 MAY 14 Carl Becker was in his home
consistent with, and abiding by, the terms of his bond, as was found to be
true by the Ashland County Sheriff's Deputies who went to his home and
found him sitting in a chair.
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-006 8
{¶16} In his January 20, 2015 reply memorandum to appellee Baker's
memorandum in opposition to appellant's motion for protective orders, appellant
admitted that appellee Baker was the individual who made statements to the Richland
County Prosecutor's Office resulting in the increase of his bond:
Defendant Baker, the individual involved in this Memorandum
Contra, personally appeared in open Court, in a bond hearing in the
Richland County Common Pleas Court, and admitted to being a part of the
cabal that made the unfounded allegation that Plaintiff had threatened to
kill people when he was released from jail on bond. That allegation was
not only found to be false after an evidentiary hearing which resulted in a
res judicata Order so finding, but such allegations had tripled Plaintiff's
bond for a period of time and kept him incarcerated until claims were
proved to be false at the evidentiary hearing.
{¶17} In the magistrate's April 15, 2014 decision to reinstate the $50,000.00
bond in Case No. 2014CR218D (attached to appellant's January 8, 2015 motion for
protective orders as Exhibit 1), the magistrate found the following:
2. On April 3, 2014 after a preliminary hearing in Mansfield
Municipal Court, Mr. Becker's bond was set in the sum of $50,000 cash
and personal recognizance, the court's electronic monitoring program and
that he have no contact with his victim.
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-006 9
3. Later on April 4th, the Magistrate was contacted by Richland
County Assistant Prosecuting Attorney Gary Bishop who stated that
William Baker had contacted his office to advise that defendant Carl
Becker had threatened to kill his wife and his brother upon his release
from the county jail. The Magistrate called defense counsel Vincent
DePascale and left him a voice mail message. Based upon the new
information the Magistrate increased Mr. Becker's bond to $150,000 cash
and personal recognizance, electronic monitoring and that he have no
contact with his victim.
4. Defense counsel DePascale contacted the Magistrate on April 7,
2014 and advised him to file a motion for a bond hearing about the recent
allegations of threats to these family members.
5. These allegations of threats were found to be unfounded. Mr.
Baker has no personal knowledge of any threats made by the defendant
and the jail visits also fail to indicate any threats to anyone. The
allegations are based upon hearsay from multiple church members from
the Paradise Hills United Methodist Church, a church in Ashland County,
Ohio. Mr. Becker is a member of that church. Bernice Becker, wife of
Carl Becker, is not afraid of her husband being released from jail.
{¶18} After reviewing all of the pleadings and memoranda, the trial court found
"absolute privilege" applicable to all appellees (Judgment Entry filed January 28, 2015):
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-006 10
The Court has reviewed all of the memoranda submitted by the
parties in support of, and in opposition to, these motions. The Court has
also reviewed the relevant case law. As further explained below, and
accepting the allegations set forth in Plaintiff's Complaint as true, the Court
finds that the statements made collectively by the Defendants are
protected by an absolute privilege. The Court therefore finds that
Plaintiff's Complaint fails to state a claim upon which, as a matter of law,
relief cannot be granted and it must be dismissed. Because of this Court's
finding with respect to Defendant Irwin's motions, Plaintiff's January 8,
2015 motion is rendered moot.
The case referenced by both Defendant Irwin and Plaintiff, and
cited as controlling by Defendant Irwin is M.J. DiCorpo, Inc. v. Sweeny, 69
Ohio St.3d 497, 634 N.E.2d 203, (1994). In DiCorpo, the Court stated in
its Syllabus: "An affidavit, statement or other information provided to a
prosecuting attorney, reporting the actual or possible commission of a
crime, is part of a judicial proceeding. The informant is entitled to an
absolute privilege against civil liability for statements made." DiCorpo, as
noted by Plaintiff, is not factually consistent with the present case, in that
the statement provided to the prosecuting attorney was to inform him of a
possible crime that had not yet been prosecuted. In the present case,
statements were made to the prosecutor in the course of a pending
criminal prosecution against Plaintiff.
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-006 11
However, when looking at how other Courts have subsequently
construed and expanded DiCorpo, this Court finds that statements made
to a prosecuting attorney, during the course of an active criminal
prosecution, reporting other possible criminal activity of the defendant
subject to that prosecution, are also entitled to the protection of an
absolute immunity as initially recognized in DiCorpo.***
{¶19} It is appellant's position that the nature of the issues reported to the
Richland County Prosecuting Attorney's Office did not concern any crimes actually
being pursued by the office in Case No. 2014CR218D which involved two counts of
abduction. Appellant argues the statements did not "bear some reasonable relation to
the activity reported." DiCorpo at syllabus. Appellees argue the statements to the
prosecutor were related to the judicial proceedings and the "activity reported" i.e.,
threats.
{¶20} The question we are called upon to resolve is whether statements made in
relation to the amount of an appropriate bond in a criminal case constitute absolute
privilege.
{¶21} As the Supreme Court of Ohio detailed in DiCorpo at syllabus, absolute
privilege embraces the philosophy that statements or affidavits that report "the actual or
possible commission of a crime" are part of a judicial proceeding and the informant is
"entitled to an absolute privilege against civil liability for statements made which bear
some reasonable relation to the activity reported." "As a matter of public policy,
extension of an absolute privilege under such circumstances will encourage the
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-006 12
reporting of criminal activity by removing any threat of reprisal in the form of civil liability.
This, in turn, will aid in the proper investigation of criminal activity and the prosecution of
those responsible for the crime." DiCorpo at 505.
{¶22} As a natural result of DiCorpo, courts have extended absolute privilege to
the reporting of a crime which was really a misidentification of the accused [Lee v.
Upper Arlington, 10 Dist. Franklin No. 03AP-132, 2003-Ohio-7157], and to the reporting
of a possible crime or possible criminal felony activity based on erroneous information
[Haller v. Borror Corp. 50 Ohio St.3d 10 (1990), and Fair v. Litel Communication, Inc.,
10th Dist. Franklin No. 97APE06-804, 1998 WL 107350 (Mar. 12, 1998)].
{¶23} In Mauk v. Brundage, 68 Ohio St. 89, 97 (1903), the Supreme Court of
Ohio explained "the statement must be pertinent and material to the matter in hand":
[I]n order to be privileged, the statement must be pertinent and
material to the matter in hand. To be pertinent and material it must tend to
prove or disprove the point to be established, and have substantial
importance or influence in producing the proper result. In other words, the
statement must be necessary to a full presentation, and in that sense
essential to the accomplishment of the object sought.
{¶24} The setting of bond, as well as a trial court's inherent right to revise bond,
is part of and pertinent to the prosecution of a criminal case. Not only does bond assure
the presence of an accused at trial, but it is also related to and part of the trial court's
decision as to the possibility of the defendant committing other criminal acts while on
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-006 13
bond. We therefore conclude the statements made sub judice were part of a judicial
proceeding in consideration of bond for appellant and were reasonably related to the
activity reported i.e., threats.
{¶25} The trial court never discussed appellant's claim against appellee
Kochheiser as it related to absolute or qualified privilege. In fact, the record is absent
any argument advanced in appellee Irwin's Civ.R. 12(C) motion on the issue. Appellant
never addressed the claims against appellee Kochheiser in his response to the motion
to dismiss.
{¶26} Upon review, we affirm the trial court's decision on absolute privilege as to
the statements made to the Richland County Prosecutor's Office and the dismissal of
the causes of action thereto, and reverse the dismissal of the claims against appellee
Kochheiser as they relate to his calling of the Ashland County Sheriff's Office and the
Richland County Probation Office to report a possible bond violation. The Civ.R. 12(C)
motion did not address this issue nor was appellant offered the opportunity to respond.
{¶27} Assignments of Error I, II, III, and IV are denied as to all appellees except
for appellee Kochheiser. The claims against appellee Kochheiser are reinstated.
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-006 14
{¶28} The judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of Ashland County, Ohio is
hereby affirmed in part and reversed in part, and the matter is remanded to said court
for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
By Farmer, J.
Gwin, P.J. and
Delaney, J. concur.
SGF/sg 902
Becker v. Becker
Combined Opinion