Opinion issued September 29, 2015
In The
Court of Appeals
For The
First District of Texas
————————————
NO. 01-15-00262-CR
———————————
MARCUS LEE BENITEZ, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 262nd District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 1413994
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant, Marcus Lee Benitez, was convicted by a jury of the first-degree
felony offense of aggravated robbery—over 65 years old or disabled, on March 2,
2015, and faced a minimum of five years and a maximum of ninety-nine years’
confinement. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 12.32(a), 29.03(a)(3), (b) (West
Supp. 2014). After the verdict, appellant reached an agreement with the State as to
punishment and withdrew his election that the jury assess his punishment. In
exchange for appellant’s waiving his right of appeal and pleading true to an
enhancement in the indictment, the State agreed to recommend that appellant be
punished at thirty-five years’ confinement and to dismiss a separate pending felony
charge against him.
On March 2, 2015, after admonishing appellant that his conviction would be
final and there would be no appeal, because he was waiving his right of appeal, the
trial court assessed appellant’s punishment at thirty-five years’ confinement, and
the State confirmed that the separate felony charge was being dismissed, in
accordance with the terms of appellant’s punishment agreement with the State.
The trial court then certified that appellant had waived the right of appeal.
Nevertheless, appellant timely filed a pro se notice of appeal, acknowledging that
his punishment did not exceed the punishment recommended by the State and
agreed to by appellant. However, appellant contended that his waiver agreement
did not preclude appealing any rulings on his pretrial motions, including a motion
to suppress and several pro se motions, including one seeking hybrid
representation. The trial court appointed appellate counsel for appellant, who has
filed an appellate brief challenging the trial court’s denial of his motion to
suppress.
2
The State has filed a motion to dismiss the appeal for want of jurisdiction,
contending that appellant’s waiver of appeal precludes his appeal. Although the
motion does not indicate whether appellant opposes the motion, it was served on
his counsel and more than ten days have passed with no response filed. See TEX.
R. APP. P. 10.3(a)(2). We agree with the State, grant the motion, and dismiss the
appeal.
An appeal must be dismissed if a certification showing that the
defendant has the right of appeal has not been made part of the record. TEX.
R. APP. P. 25.2(d); Dears v. State, 154 S.W.3d 610, 613 (Tex. Crim. App.
2005). The trial court’s certification, which is included in the record on appeal,
states that appellant has waived the right of appeal. See TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a).
The reporter’s record of the punishment hearing reflects the waiver of
appellant’s right of appeal as both his counsel and appellant acknowledged that
his conviction would be final that day because there would be no appeal. The
trial court then explicitly admonished appellant to make sure he understood that
he was waiving his right of appeal, and appellant replied in the affirmative. Then,
in accordance with the terms of appellant’s punishment agreement with the State,
the trial court assessed his punishment at thirty-five years’ confinement and the
State confirmed that the separate felony charge was being dismissed.
3
A valid waiver of appeal prevents a defendant from appealing without the
trial court’s consent. Monreal v. State, 99 S.W.3d 615, 622 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2003). When a defendant waives his right of appeal in exchange for
consideration from the State, his waiver is made knowingly, intelligently, and
voluntarily, and he may not appeal any matters unless the trial court first grants
permission. See Ex parte Broadway, 301 S.W.3d 694, 697–99 (Tex. Crim. App.
2009) (holding defendant may knowingly and intelligently waive appeal without
sentencing agreement when consideration is given by State for waiver); Blanco v.
State, 18 S.W.3d 218, 219–20 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000).
This was not a plea-bargain case in which a defendant pleaded guilty before
trial and, if the punishment did not exceed the agreed-upon recommendation, the
trial court’s certification would state that this was a plea-bargain case and whether
the trial court granted a limited right of appeal for pretrial motions or permission
for a general right of appeal. See Ex parte Broadway, 301 S.W.3d at 699
(Womack, J., concurring) (noting Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure “25.2’s
restriction on appeal did not apply” in that case because it was not plea-bargain
case). Instead, the punishment hearing record shows that appellant knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily waived his right of appeal after trial in exchange for
the State’s recommendation on the punishment range and the State gave additional
consideration for the waiver by agreeing to dismiss a pending felony charge. See
4
id. at 697–99. Appellant validly waived his right of appeal after trial knowing with
certainty that his punishment would be assessed at confinement for thirty-five
years. See Blanco, 18 S.W.3d at 219 (holding waiver of right to appeal is valid if
appellant knows with certainty punishment that will be assessed). Appellant’s
valid waiver of appeal covers all matters unless the trial court explicitly gave him
permission to appeal. See Monreal, 99 S.W.3d at 622. The record supports the
trial court’s certification that it did not give its permission to appeal on any matters
because this was not a plea-bargain case. See Dears, 154 S.W.3d at 615.
To the extent appellant’s pro se notice of appeal contends that his waiver did
not preclude him from appealing any rulings on his pretrial motions, no written
rulings on his motions were made. Appellant is not entitled to hybrid
representation, and the trial court was under no duty to take action on any of his
pro se motions. See Ex parte Bohannon, 350 S.W.3d 116, 116 n.1 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2011); Scheanette v. State, 144 S.W.3d 503, 505 n.2 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004).
Thus, because appellant has validly waived his right of appeal, we must
dismiss this appeal without any further action. See Menefee v. State, 287 S.W.3d
9, 12 n.12 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009); see also Chavez v. State, 183 S.W.3d 675, 680
(Tex. Crim. App. 2006) (“A court of appeals, while having jurisdiction to ascertain
whether an appellant who plea-bargained is permitted to appeal by Rule 25.2(a),
must dismiss a prohibited appeal without further action, regardless of the basis for
5
the appeal.”); Greenwell v. Court of Appeals for Thirteenth Judicial Dist., 159
S.W.3d 645, 649 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005) (explaining purpose of certification
requirements is to resolve cases that have no right of appeal quickly without
expense of appointing appellate counsel, preparing reporter’s record or preparing
appellate brief).
CONCLUSION
Accordingly, we grant the State’s motion and dismiss this appeal for want
of jurisdiction. See TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(f). We dismiss any other pending motions
as moot.
PER CURIAM
Panel consists of Justices Keyes, Massengale, and Lloyd.
Do not publish. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).
6