Opinions of the United
2005 Decisions States Court of Appeals
for the Third Circuit
8-1-2005
Littles v. USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential
Docket No. 05-2761
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"Littles v. USA" (2005). 2005 Decisions. Paper 758.
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BPS-310 NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
NO. 05-2761
________________
PAUL LITTLES,
Appellant
v.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
____________________________________
On Appeal From the United States District Court
For the Middle District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. Civ. No. 05-2761)
District Judge: Honorable Sylvia H. Rambo
_______________________________________
Submitted for a Decision on the Issuance of a Certificate of Appealability or for Summary
Action Under Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6
July 14, 2005
Before: RENDELL, FISHER AND VAN ANTWERPEN, CIRCUIT JUDGES
(Filed: August 1, 2005)
_______________________
OPINION
_______________________
PER CURIAM
After a jury trial in the United States District Court for the Middle District of
Pennsylvania, Paul Littles was convicted of conspiring to distribute, and distributing,
heroin. He was sentenced as a career offender under U.S. Sentencing Guideline § 4B1.1.
We affirmed the judgment of conviction, and the Supreme Court denied certiorari.
Littles then filed a motion to vacate his sentence under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, which was
denied. We affirmed; the Supreme Court again declined to grant review.
Littles subsequently filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
§ 2241, the denial of which we review here. He argued that one of his previous state
convictions should not have been used to support his status as a career offender because it
had been unconstitutionally obtained. The District Court held that Littles could not seek
relief under § 2241 because a motion to challenge his sentence pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
§ 2255 would not be inadequate or ineffective. The District Court also noted that Littles
was attempting to file a second or successive petition for writ of habeas corpus without
seeking authorization to do so from the appropriate Court of Appeals. Although the
District Court recognized that Littles had brought “his action by an improper procedure,”
Memorandum at 3, it went on to consider and reject his claim on the merits.
The District Court properly concluded that Littles may not bring his petition under
28 U.S.C. § 2241, because he cannot show that a motion to challenge his sentence
pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 would be “inadequate or ineffective.” 28 U.S.C. § 2255
(2005). Section 2255 has been considered inadequate and ineffective for a petitioner
convicted and imprisoned for conduct since deemed not to be criminal. See In re
Dorsainvil, 119 F.3d 245, 251 (3d Cir. 1997). However, § 2255 is not inadequate or
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ineffective just because a petitioner is unable to meet its stringent gatekeeping
requirements. See id. Littles does not make a claim that fits under the In re Dorsainvil
exception; therefore, he must seek authorization to bring his challenge to the validity of
his sentence in a second § 2255 motion.1
Because Littles was proceeding pursuant to § 2241, the District Court was without
jurisdiction to consider the merits of his petition. We express no opinion about the merits
of Littles’ claims and note only that any request for authorization to bring a second or
successive motion will have to meet the stringent requirements of 28 U.S.C. §§ 2244 &
2255.
Although the District Court based its ruling at least in part on jurisdictional
grounds, the District Court erred in reaching the merits of Littles’ petition. Therefore, we
will vacate the order denying Littles’ petition and remand with instructions to enter an
order dismissing his petition for lack of jurisdiction. Littles’ request for a certificate of
1
Littles believes that the District Court recharacterized his petition as a motion
under § 2255, but we do not agree. We understand the District Court’s statement that
Littles’ petition was a second or successive petition as merely an acknowledgment that
any § 2255 motion filed by Littles would be second or successive. The District Court
recognized that a second or successive motion could only be filed with authorization from
the appropriate court of appeals. Also, in its order, the District Court denied “[t]he
petition brought pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241.” Even if the District Court had
recharacterized Littles’ petition, it did not have to provide Littles with Miller notice. See
United States v. Chew, 284 F.3d 468, 471 (3d Cir. 2002). Moreover, Littles could not
have been afforded review of a recharacterized petition. The District Court, barred from
ruling on an unauthorized second or successive motion, would have had only two options
- to dismiss the motion or transfer it, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1631, to the appropriate
Court of Appeals. See Robinson v. Johnson, 313 F.3d 128, 139 (3d Cir. 2002).
3
appealability is denied as unnecessary. See Forde v. U.S. Parole Comm’n, 114 F.3d 879,
881 (9th Cir. 1997). His “motion for the appointment of counsel for briefing a certificate
of appealability” also is denied.
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