Opinions of the United
2006 Decisions States Court of Appeals
for the Third Circuit
10-30-2006
Obi v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential
Docket No. 06-2579
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
________________
No. 06-2579
________________
GEORGE CHUKWUEMEKA OBI,
Petitioner
v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES
____________________________________
On Review of a Decision of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
(Agency No. A76 969 828)
Immigration Judge: Walter A. Durling
____________________________________
Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
October 26, 2006
Before: FISHER, ALDISERT and WEIS, CIRCUIT JUDGES.
(Filed October 30, 2006)
_______________________
OPINION
_______________________
PER CURIAM
George Chukwuemeka Obi petitions for review of a final order of the Board of
Immigration Appeals (BIA). We will deny the petition for review.
I.
Obi, a citizen of Nigeria,1 entered the United States without inspection sometime
in 1997. Two years later, he was charged with removability, which he conceded. A.R.
336, 824; see INA § 212(a)(6)(A)(i) [8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(6)(A)(i)] (making inadmissible
an alien who is present without admission). In 2002, Obi was convicted in a federal court
in Michigan of conspiracy and possession of heroin with intent to distribute. A.R. 628;
see also 21 U.S.C. §§ 841, 846. Ultimately, after procedural machinations which are not
here relevant, an immigration judge (IJ) found that Obi was removable under INA
§ 212(a)(2)(A)(i)(II) as an alien convicted of a controlled substance offense. A.R. 58.
The BIA agreed. A.R. 2-3. Obi timely petitioned us for review.
II.
Citing (i) principles of res judicata, (ii) what he views as an irregularity in the
administrative caption, and (iii) the fact that the IJ did not conduct a new hearing before
issuing his final order, Obi contends that his removal from the United States would be
1
Although Obi conceded his Nigerian citizenship during removal proceedings, see
A.R. 336, he has since argued that he obtained derivative United States citizenship by
way of a visa petition filed on his behalf by his wife, a United States citizen. See
Informal Brief, 3 ¶ 3; A.R. 22, 291. The record indicates that the wife’s petition was
unsuccessful. A.R. 472. In any event, even if it had been successfully completed, the
visa petition would have conferred only permanent residency, not derivative citizenship,
on Obi. Compare INA § 245 [8 U.S.C. § 1255] (addressing adjustment of status) with
INA § 320, et seq. [8 U.S.C. § 1431, et seq.] (addressing derivative citizenship). Obi also
points to a United States Marshals Service printout which indicated, incorrectly, that he
was a citizen. Informal Brief, 3 ¶ 3; A.R. 42, 48. Scrivener’s error on a form produced
by a nonimmigration agency is insufficient to confer United States citizenship.
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unlawful. See Informal Brief, passim. The Government contends that we lack
jurisdiction to entertain Obi’s arguments. See Respondent’s Brief, 5-8. INA
§ 242(a)(2)(C) [8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(C)] withdraws our “jurisdiction to review any final
order of removal against an alien who is removable by reason of having committed a
criminal offense covered in” several listed sections, including INA § 212(a)(2) ! the
provision making inadmissible an alien convicted of a controlled substance offense.
There is no question that Obi’s federal drug conviction constitutes a controlled substance
offense. See, e.g., Douglas v. Ashcroft, 374 F.3d 230, 236 (3d Cir. 2004).
Although INA § 242(a)(2)(C) withdraws our jurisdiction to entertain petitions for
review from aliens like Obi, INA § 242(a)(2)(D) restores that jurisdiction to the extent
that a petition presses “constitutional claims or questions of law.” See, e.g., Francois v.
Gonzales, 448 F.3d 645, 648 (3d Cir. 2006). Respondent recognizes this restoration of
jurisdiction, but ! disappointingly ! he does not undertake any further analysis
whatsoever. See Respondent’s Brief, 7. He simply asserts that Obi has not raised any
cognizable claims. See id. We cannot agree. Obi’s arguments, although not particularly
good, constitute “pure questions of law” or “issues of application of law to fact, where the
facts are undisputed,” which the statute authorizes us to consider. Kamara v. Atty. Gen’l,
420 F.3d 202, 211 (3d Cir. 2005) (internal citations and quotations omitted).
Accordingly, we turn to Obi’s arguments.
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III.
We may dispense quickly with Obi’s arguments, which are frivolous. He
contends, first, that principles of res judicata preclude his removal, apparently because, in
July 2003, an IJ temporarily suspended the removal proceedings while Obi
(unsuccessfully) appealed his federal conviction. See Petition for Review, 3 ¶ 7; Informal
Brief, 3 ¶ 3. Despite Obi’s arguments, this suspension was not a complete termination of
the removal proceedings, and nothing about the suspension precluded later completion of
the administrative proceedings. See A.R. 141 (the IJ, explaining at that time that if Obi’s
appeal was unsuccessful, the proceedings would restart); Duvall v. Atty. Gen’l, 436 F.3d
382, 391 (3d Cir. 2006) (noting, in an agency case, that preclusion principles “generally
appl[y] when the same issue was litigated by the same parties and was actually decided”)
(emphasis added).
Obi argues, as well, that the BIA’s final removal order was void because some
papers in the administrative record listed his surname as “*F-Obi” rather than Obi. See,
e.g., Informal Brief, 4 ¶ 5. This argument is preposterous. All of the pertinent documents
in the administrative record, including those marked “*F-Obi,” clearly referred to Obi and
included the correct agency number.2 In any event, on both the IJ’s and the BIA’s final
2
Indeed, although we need not rely on this thinking in our decision, it appears that
the “*F-” designation was some kind of cue that Obi was detained.
4
orders, Obi’s surname was correctly rendered. A.R. 2, 58. The orders do not somehow
lack authority because of the agency’s occasional use of the “*F-” designation.
Finally, Obi seems to contend that the IJ erred by issuing the final order outside his
presence. See, e.g., Informal Brief, 1 ¶ 2. The IJ’s final order was occasioned, however,
by a remand from the BIA for preparation of a complete transcript of the removal
proceedings. A.R. 81. On remand, the IJ explained that no part of the transcript was
missing. Based on the hearings that had already been conducted, the IJ did, however,
make some pertinent findings that had not yet been entered (such as whether Obi’s federal
conviction constituted a controlled substance offense). These findings were based
entirely on proceedings at which Obi was able to present his views. See A.R. 59 (the IJ,
responding to the arguments Obi made at a prior hearing). Accordingly, it cannot be said
that Obi was unable to present his case. See, e.g., Ponce-Leiva v. Ashcroft, 331 F.3d 369,
377 (3d Cir. 2003) (holding that an alien may not be “prevented from reasonably
presenting his case”).
IV.
For the foregoing reasons, we will deny the petition for review. Obi’s “Petitioner
to Challenge Under Res Judicata Precluded Issues” is DENIED.
5