Rick Nebinger, Sr. v. John Ault

United States Court of Appeals
FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
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No. 99-2495SI
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Rick Dwayne Nebinger, Sr., *
*
Appellant, *
*
v. * On Appeal from the United
* States District Court
* for the Southern District
John Ault, Warden, and Thomas * of Iowa.
Miller, Attorney General for the *
State of Iowa, *
*
Appellees. *
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Submitted: January 13, 2000
Filed: March 31, 2000
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Before RICHARD S. ARNOLD, BRIGHT, and HANSEN, Circuit Judges.
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RICHARD S. ARNOLD, Circuit Judge.

This is a petition for habeas corpus brought by Rick Dwayne Nebinger, Sr., a
prisoner in the custody of the State of Iowa. Mr. Nebinger is serving a life sentence for
first-degree murder and a twenty-five-year sentence for first-degree robbery, the
sentences to run concurrently. He argues that he is in custody in violation of the federal
Constitution on two grounds: (1) that the State unfairly surprised him with footprint
evidence after his counsel had stated, in his opening statement to the jury, that there
would be no physical evidence to link Mr. Nebinger with the inside of the house in
which the murder was committed; and (2) that the trial court's decision to exclude
evidence about the possible violent propensities of another person, a person
Mr. Nebinger claimed in fact committed the crimes, was a violation of the Due Process
Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

The District Court1 denied the petition, but granted a certificate of appealability
on the issues that we have listed. We affirm, substantially for the reasons given in the
opinion of the District Court. We have only a few comments to add.

1. During his opening statement, counsel for the petitioner said that no
physical evidence would be introduced to show that his client had ever been in the
house in which the murder victim was killed. Shortly thereafter, the State produced
evidence of a footprint that was said to be consistent with the print of the shoes that
Mr. Nebinger was wearing on the night of the crime. The outline of this footprint had
been found inside the house. Counsel moved for a mistrial, or for exclusion of the
evidence. Counsel did not want a continuance, for good reasons that need not be
detailed here. The trial court denied the mistrial and also declined to exclude the
evidence, but did rule that the State would be restricted to presenting the evidence on
rebuttal. Counsel for petitioner elected, for tactical reasons, which again need not be
detailed, to allow the State, in view of this ruling, to use the evidence during its case
in chief. It is now argued that trial counsel was unfairly surprised by the State's belated
revelation of this physical evidence.

No misconduct or bad faith on the part of the State is suggested. The footprint
had been sent to a laboratory for physical examination and testing. The testing had not

1
The Hon. Ronald E. Longstaff, Chief Judge, United States District Court for the
Southern District of Iowa.

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been completed when the trial began. Defense counsel knew this. The State had told
him that no test results had been received, and this was true. He was not told that there
would be no further testing. In fact, the trial court found as a fact that counsel had been
aware that tests were being run, and that there was a good chance that evidence might
come in. This finding of fact is presumed to be correct on habeas, unless some legally
sufficient reason to set it aside is shown, and that has not occurred.

We conclude that the State was not unfair to the defendant in this respect, and
that his rights to due process of law were not violated. We observe, in addition, that
the test results, when they did come in, did not positively identify the footprint, but
stated only that the outline lifted from the house was consistent with the shoes that
defendant had been wearing. It was still possible for counsel to argue, and he did
argue, that there was no physical evidence positively placing his client in the house.
Moreover, the State's case was very strong. Petitioner admitted the murder to two
members of his family on the night the crime occurred.

2. Petitioner's theory of defense was that the crime had been committed by
his companion, Christine Lockheart. Ms. Lockheart did not testify in petitioner's trial.
The defense wanted to offer evidence of Ms. Lockheart's violent past actions, on the
theory that this would show that she was capable of committing the crime alone.
Acting under the Iowa equivalent of Fed. R. Evid. 404, the trial court refused to allow
this evidence, stating that it would show only criminal propensities. Possibly this ruling
could have gone the other way, but it was not error under Iowa law, a point that is not
really our business, but, if it was erroneous in any sense, it was not such a crucial point
as to involve the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Rulings on the
admission or exclusion of evidence in state trials rarely rise to the level of a federal
constitutional violation. "[O]nly the exclusion of critical, reliable and highly probative
evidence will violate due process." Sweet v. Delo, 125 F.3d 1144, 1158 (8th Cir.
1997), cert. denied, 523 U.S. 1010, 118 S. Ct. 1197 (1998) (citation omitted). We
agree with the District Court that this exacting standard was not met here.

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Affirmed.

A true copy.

Attest:

CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.

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