Opinions of the United
2007 Decisions States Court of Appeals
for the Third Circuit
4-16-2007
Gunawan v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential
Docket No. 05-4304
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
No. 05-4304
ANASTASIA F. GUNAWAN,
Petitioner
v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES,
Respondent
On Petition for Review of A Final Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals
(BIA No. A95-543-809)
Immigration Judge: Honorable Donald V. Ferlise
Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a),
January 23, 2007
Before: SCIRICA, Chief Judge, FUENTES and CHAGARES, Circuit Judges
(Filed April 16, 2007)
_____
OPINION OF THE COURT
FUENTES, Circuit Judge.
Anastasia Gunawan petitions for review of a final order of removal. We have
jurisdiction pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252. For the reasons stated below, we will deny the
petition.
Gunawan is a citizen of Indonesia. She is ethnically Chinese and a practicing
Catholic. She arrived in the United States in August of 2001 on a nonimmigrant visa,
leaving her husband and two children behind. After overstaying her visa, Gunawan was
placed in removal proceedings in June 2002. She conceded removability and applied for
asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture,
claiming that she had been persecuted on account of her ethnic and religious identity.
At a merits hearing, Gunawan testified to four incidents of persecution. First,
Gunawan testified that when she was a child, around the age of nine, ethnic Indonesians
threw rocks at her, slapped her in the face, and threw her to the ground. Gunawan did not
testify that the individuals said anything to make her believe that the attacks were based
on her ethnic or religious background.
Second, Gunawan testified that in March of 1999, a group of ethnic Indonesians
attacked her while she was walking home with her child from a doctor’s appointment.
According to Gunawan, the individuals spat on her, pushed her to the ground, kicked her
and threw rocks at her. The individuals told her that she should return to China and that
she did not deserve to live in Indonesia. Gunawan testified that she suffered a cut and
some bruises as a result of the attack. Although Gunawan knew the name of one of the
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individuals who attacked her, she testified that she did not report the incident to the police
because she did not believe they would help her and, in any event, the individuals would
have retaliated against her for reporting them to the authorities.
Third, Gunawan described a riot that erupted in her neighborhood in January of
2000, in response to rumors that an ethnic Indonesian had been killed by an ethnic
Chinese Indonesian. According to Gunawan, rioters looted and burned down her
handicraft store and beat her and her husband. As a result, Gunawan was taken to the
hospital, and released later that same day. Gunawan’s husband spent five days in the
hospital as a result of his injuries.
Fourth, Gunawan testified that in May of 2001, she was attacked by a group of
ethnic Indonesians while she was on her way to church. The individuals grabbed and
fondled her, threw her bible to the ground, and stated that they were from a Muslim
solidarity group and hated all Christians. Shortly thereafter, Gunawan left Indonesia for
the United States.
The Immigration Judge (“IJ”) denied Gunawan’s application for asylum,
withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture, finding that
Gunawan failed to satisfy her evidentiary burden.1 Gunawan appealed the IJ’s adverse
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Although the IJ did not find Gunawan’s testimony credible, he nevertheless went
on to consider whether, assuming the truth of her testimony, Gunawan satisfied her
burden of proof. As set forth below, we agree with the IJ that the incidents Gunawan
described do not rise to the level of persecution; therefore, we do not need to reach the
issue of whether the IJ’s adverse credibility determination was supported by substantial
evidence.
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rulings on her application for asylum and withholding of removal, but did not challenge
his disposition of her claim under the Convention Against Torture. The Board of
Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) summarily affirmed the IJ’s decision.
Where the BIA adopts the opinion of the IJ, we review the IJ’s decision. Gao v.
Ashcroft, 299 F.3d 266, 271 (3d Cir. 2002). Whether an asylum applicant has
demonstrated past persecution or a well-founded fear of future persecution is a factual
question, which we review under the substantial evidence standard. Mulanga v. Ashcroft,
349 F.3d 123, 131 (3d Cir. 2003). Under the substantial evidence standard, we may only
disrupt an IJ’s findings if “the evidence not only supports a contrary conclusion, but
compels it.” Abdille v. Ashcroft, 242 F.3d 477, 483-84 (3d Cir. 2001).
Here, the IJ concluded that the four incidents that Gunawan described did not rise
to the level of persecution. Rather, in the IJ’s view, the incidents Gunawan described
were isolated criminal attacks that did not appear to have been motivated by Gunawan’s
ethnic or religious background. The IJ noted that Gunawan described her injuries as
relatively minor, and never reported the incidents to the police. In addition, the IJ
observed that Gunawan’s husband and children still live in Indonesia, and that there is no
record evidence that they have been harmed or threatened in any way.
After independently reviewing the record we simply cannot say that the evidence
compels a conclusion contrary to the one reached by the IJ. Indeed, we find the IJ’s
decision entirely consistent with our prior precedential opinion in Lie v. Ashcroft, 396
F.3d 530, 536 (3d Cir. 2005), a case in which we denied a petition for review despite
4
arguably stronger evidence that petitioner had been mistreated on account of her status as
an ethnic Chinese Christian in Indonesia, and rejected the notion that there was, as of the
date of the decision, a pattern or practice of discrimination against Chinese Christians in
Indonesia.
Finally, given Gunawan’s failure to satisfy her evidentiary burden for establishing
eligibility for asylum, the IJ also properly denied her application for withholding of
removal. See Mudric v. Attorney General, 469 F.3d 94, 102 n.8 (3d Cir. 2006).
Accordingly, we will deny the petition for review.
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