NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FILED
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT DEC 18 2009
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 08-10421
Plaintiff - Appellee, D.C. No. 4:06-cr-00825-RCC-
GEE
v.
WILLIAM ERNEST FULLER, MEMORANDUM *
Defendant - Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Arizona
Raner C. Collins, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted December 7, 2009
San Francisco, California
Before: O’SCANNLAIN, RAWLINSON and BEA, Circuit Judges.
Bill Fuller (“Fuller”) appeals his conviction for attempted transportation and
shipping of child pornography in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2252(a)(1) and (b)(1)
and possession of child pornography in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2252(a)(4)(b),
(b)(2). We affirm.
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
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1. The district court did not err when it denied Fuller’s motion to suppress the
statements he made to FBI Agent Andrews, because Fuller was not in custody
when he made those statements. “[A] district court’s in custody determination is a
mixed question of law and fact warranting de novo review.” United States v.
Bassignani, 575 F.3d 879, 883 (9th Cir. 2009) (internal quotations marks omitted).
A person is in custody when, considering all of the circumstances, a
reasonable person would not feel free to leave. Id. We have previously identified
five non-exclusive factors to guide this analysis: “(1) the language used to summon
the individual; (2) the extent to which the defendant is confronted with evidence of
guilt; (3) the physical surroundings of the interrogation; (4) the duration of the
detention; and (5) the degree of pressure applied to detain the individual.” Id.
(internal quotations and citations omitted). After examining these factors, we
conclude that, under all the circumstances, Fuller was not in custody. See id. at
884–86.
2. The district court did not abuse its discretion by failing to strike Juror 47 for
cause. Although Juror 47 never affirmatively stated he would be fair and impartial,
the district judge could determine that, when Juror 47 said he would do his best to
be fair and impartial, “this was equivalent to saying [he] would do so.” United
States v. Alexander, 48 F.3d 1477, 1484 (9th Cir. 1995).
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3. The district court did not abuse its discretion when it refused to grant Fuller
a mistrial on the ground of prosecutorial misconduct. The prosecutor asked
Fuller’s expert computer witness, Tami Loehrs, whether she had been fired from an
earlier job. That was relevant to her qualifications as an expert computer witness.
It was not misconduct for the prosecutor so to ask. See United States v. Allen, 341
F.3d 870, 891–92 (9th Cir. 2003).
4. The district court did not abuse its discretion when it refused to grant Fuller
a mistrial on the ground that the prosecution had not provided Fuller a proper Fed.
R. Crim. P. 16(a)(1)(G) summary of one of its experts’ testimony, because Fuller
cannot show that the verdict would likely have been different had he been given
such a summary. See United States v. Mendoza, 244 F.3d 1037, 1047 (9th Cir.
2001).
5. The invited error doctrine bars Fuller’s claim that the district court erred
when it gave the jury a general unanimity instruction, instead of specific unanimity
instructions. Fuller was aware of the proper instruction because the government
offered it at trial; but, because Fuller objected to the instruction at trial, he invited
the error and relinquished his right to that instruction. See United States v. Perez,
116 F.3d 840, 845 (9th Cir. 1997) (en banc).
AFFIRMED.
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