United States Bankruptcy Appellate Panel
FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
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No. 04-6027EM
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In re: *
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Melissa Lynn Ardrey *
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Debtor. *
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Melissa Lynn Ardrey *
* Appeal from the United States
Debtor - Appellant, * Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern
* District of Missouri
v. *
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Robert J. Blackwell *
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Trustee - Appellee. *
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Submitted: September 29, 2004
Filed: November 1, 2004
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Before KRESSEL, Chief Judge, MAHONEY, and VENTERS, Bankruptcy Judges.
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VENTERS, Bankruptcy Judge.
1
This is an appeal from an order of the bankruptcy court entered on May 25,
2004, sustaining the objection of Robert J. Blackwell, chapter 7 trustee (“Trustee”),
to Debtor Melissa Lynn Ardrey’s amended claim of exemption in a tax refund.1 For
the reasons stated below, we reverse and remand.
I. STANDARD OF REVIEW
“Findings of fact, whether based on oral or documentary evidence, shall not be
set aside unless clearly erroneous, and due regard shall be given to the opportunity
of the bankruptcy court to judge the credibility of the witnesses.” Fed. R. Bankr. P.
8013. Findings of fact are reviewed for clear error, and legal conclusions are
reviewed de novo. Waterman v. Ditto (In re Waterman), 248 B.R. 567, 570 (B.A.P.
8th Cir. 2000). A bankruptcy court’s denial of a claim of exemption is a final,
appealable order. In re McGowan, 226 B.R. 13, 16 (B.A.P. 8th Cir. 1998).
II. BACKGROUND
Melissa Lynn Ardrey (“Debtor”) filed for protection under chapter 7 of the
bankruptcy code on December 31, 2002. On her original bankruptcy “Schedule C”
under the column labeled, “Value of Claimed Exemption,” for the property described
as “Clothing, personal effects, household furnishings, cash and all salary due as of
filing, tax refunds,” the Debtor listed $1,000.00 as exempt under Mo. Rev. Stat.
1
The Debtor’s notice of appeal stated that she was appealing the bankruptcy
court’s order denying her leave to amend her claims of exemption, but a review of
the record shows that no such order exists. The substance of both parties’
pleadings addresses the bankruptcy court’s May 25, 2004 order sustaining the
Trustee’s objection to the Debtor’s amended claim. In the interests of justice and
judicial efficiency, we will address the substance of the appeal as presented in the
briefs.
2
§ 413.430(1); $400.00 as exempt under § 513.430(3); and $1,100.00 as exempt under
§513.440. Handwritten notes in the “Description of Property” column appear to
allocate $500.00 of the exemption for “cash and salary due as of filing” and $1,000.00
for “tax refunds.”
At some time after the petition date, the Debtor received tax refunds in excess
of her scheduled exemptions, and on May 14, 2003, the Trustee filed an adversary
proceeding against the Debtor seeking turnover of $3,042.00,2 representing the
balance in the Debtor’s checking account (in which the tax refunds had been
deposited) after allowance for the scheduled exemptions. The Debtor argued that
those funds were exempt under Mo. Rev. Stat. § 513.427, but on March 10, 2004, the
bankruptcy court entered summary judgment in the adversary proceeding in favor of
the Trustee on the grounds that the Debtor’s Schedule C did not contain a claim of
exemption based on that provision. The Debtor then amended her schedules three
days later, on March 13, 2004, to claim an exemption in the tax refunds under §
513.427. The Trustee filed an objection to the Debtor’s amended claim of exemption
on March 18, 2004.
On April 21, 2004, the bankruptcy court held a hearing on the Trustee’s
objection and, in an oral ruling from the bench, sustained the Trustee’s objection on
the grounds that the Trustee’s earlier procurement of an order for turnover constituted
“substantial administration” of the tax refunds and that allowing the amended claim
at that juncture would be “unduly prejudicial to the creditors.” (Transcript of April
21, 2004 Hearing at 8). The bankruptcy court entered a written order on May 24,
2004, memorializing its findings. Both the bankruptcy court’s oral and written
rulings included a specific holding that the Debtor was being allowed to amend her
2
According to the briefs and statements of counsel at oral argument, the
actual amount at issue is $3,031.00.
3
exemptions and that it was only the amended exemption which was being denied. (Id.
at 7; May 25, 2004 Order at 3).
Between the time the bankruptcy court made its oral ruling and entered the
written order, the Debtor filed a notice of appeal in the adversary proceeding. The
substance of the appeal, however, addressed the bankruptcy court’s oral ruling in the
main case sustaining the Trustee’s objection to the Debtor’s amended claim of
exemption in the tax refunds. That is the issue we rule upon here.
III. DISCUSSION
After allowing the Debtor to amend her claim of exemption pursuant to Federal
Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 1009, the bankruptcy court sustained the Trustee’s
objection to the Debtor’s amended claim of exemption in tax refunds on the grounds
that the Trustee had “substantially administered” them by obtaining an order of
turnover and that allowing the amended claim at that juncture would unduly prejudice
creditors.
Although we have some concern whether “substantial administration” is a valid
basis to deny an amended claim,3 we do not need to reach that issue because we hold
that the bankruptcy court committed clear factual error when it found that the tax
refunds were substantially administered. The only fact the bankruptcy court cited in
3
Some courts draw a distinction between denying a debtor leave to amend
on the basis of bad faith or prejudice to creditors and denying an amended claim
on the merits. See, e.g., In re Arnold, 252 B.R. 778, 783 (B.A.P. 9th Cir. 2000)
(distinguishing between an objection to the allowance of an amended exemption
and the merits of the amended exemption). And there may be some merit to this
distinction because granting a debtor leave to amend may actually preclude a
finding that the amended exemption is prejudicial to the estate inasmuch as the
granting of leave to amend a claim of exemption implies that the amendment is not
prejudicial to creditors.
4
support of its finding that the Trustee had substantially administered the tax refunds
was the Trustee’s procurement of the turnover order. That fact alone is not enough
to support a finding that the asset had been substantially administered, especially
since the Trustee, by his own admission, did not have possession of the tax refunds
on the date of the hearing before the bankruptcy court.4 (Appellant’s Opening Brief
at 4)
The bankruptcy court also opined that, if allowed, the amended exemption
would be prejudicial to creditors because it would deprive creditors of “assets that
would otherwise be available for distribution on allowed claims.” That is always true
of exemptions, original or amended. There is nothing in the record showing that the
amendment would cause any greater prejudice to third parties than that normally
associated with a claim of exemption. See In re Arnold, 252 B.R. at 785 (“Merely
showing prejudice is not enough: the court must balance the prejudice to the debtor
of disallowing the exemption against the prejudice to third parties in allowing the
exemption.”) (quoting In re Brown, 56 B.R. 954, 958 n. 11 (Bankr. E.D. Mich.
1986)).
Therefore, for the reasons discussed above, we reverse the order of the
bankruptcy court sustaining the Trustee’s objection to the Debtor’s amended
objection and remand for a ruling on the merits of the Debtor’s amended objection.
4
Counsel for both parties acknowledged in oral argument that the funds
were turned over to the Trustee after the briefs were filed in this appeal.
5