Opinions of the United
2008 Decisions States Court of Appeals
for the Third Circuit
7-23-2008
Nikollbibaj v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential
Docket No. 07-3392
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IMG-146 NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
No. 07-3392
GYLE NIKOLLBIBAJ,
Petitioner
v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES,
Respondent
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
(Agency No. A96 264 978)
Immigration Judge: Honorable Eugene Pugliese
Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
July 16, 2008
Before: AMBRO, FISHER and JORDAN, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: July 23, 2008)
OPINION
PER CURIAM
Gyle Nikollbibaj petitions for review of a Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”)
decision dismissing her appeal of the Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) decision denying her
applications for relief from removal. We will deny the petition for review.
Nikollbibaj is a native of Yugoslavia and citizen of Serbia Montenegro. She
entered the United States in 2003 as a visitor and applied for asylum. The Immigration
and Naturalization Service subsequently issued a notice to appear charging that
Nikollbibaj was subject to removal because she remained in the United States longer than
authorized. Nikollbibaj conceded that she was removable but sought asylum, withholding
of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”).
In support of her applications for relief, Nikollbibaj, who is Albanian, testified that
her problems began in Kosovo in 1981 when she and her husband participated in
demonstrations. The Serbian police beat them, and her husband was held for two weeks.
Nikollbibaj stated that in 1990 the police beat her father because he was Albanian, and
that the beating caused him to suffer a fatal heart attack. Nikollbibaj further testified that
in 1998 she held a meeting at her house for Democratic League party members. During
the meeting, five soldiers came to her house and beat her and the other members. The
soldiers took Nikollbibaj, her husband, and her daughter and held them for two days.
The soldiers beat them and insulted them based on their religion and race. The soldiers
threatened to kill them if they did not stop their political activities.
Nikollbibaj stated that in 1999 eight policemen went to her home and ordered her
and her family to leave, stating that if they did not do so, they would be killed.
Nikollbibaj went to Albania for three months. When she returned to Kosovo, the Serbian
police had burned down her home. Nikollbibaj also stated that she participated in
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election activities in Kosovo in 2000 and 2001. In 2000, two Serbian-speaking people
threatened Nikollbibaj on the street, stating that if she did not disappear, they would kill
her and her son and kidnap her daughter.
Nikollbibaj came to the United States in 2002 to attend her daughter’s wedding.
She stayed for four or five weeks, but then returned to Kosovo because she learned that
her husband and son were beaten. In 2003, Nikollbibaj returned to the United States in
order to seek asylum. Nikollbibaj stated that her husband is working in Serbia. Her
children are in other countries, including her daughter who is in the United States.
The IJ did not doubt that Nikollbibaj is an Albanian from Kosovo who was forced
to flee at the hands of the Serb military and paramilitary. The IJ, however, questioned
Nikollbibaj’s political activities, noting that there was no evidence that she was
politically involved in the United States, and that she did not seem to have a thorough
knowledge of the current conditions in Kosovo. The IJ stated that Nikollbibaj did not
give any specific information about her participation in the elections. Although she did
produce a copy of a Democratic League membership card, the IJ had doubts about the
reliability of this evidence, in part because it was not authenticated. The IJ noted that
Nikollbibaj’s testimony was generally consistent with her asylum application, with the
exception of a date on which she stated she was threatened, but the IJ made an adverse
credibility finding because her testimony lacked detail and corroboration. The IJ
concluded that Nikollbibaj did not establish past persecution or a well-founded fear of
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future persecution.
The IJ further stated that, even if Nikollbibaj had suffered past persecution, she
did not have a well-founded fear of future persecution because circumstances in Kosovo
have changed and the population is now ninety percent Albanian. The IJ noted that a UN
protectorate runs the government, that the United States Department of State report did
not reflect attacks against Albanians, and that Nikollbibaj’s husband was in Kosovo
running a business.
Finally, the IJ noted that in some cases an individual may be granted asylum, even
though future persecution is unlikely, because the past persecution was especially severe.
The IJ found that Nikollbibaj’s past persecution was not severe enough to warrant
asylum, given that there was little likelihood of future persecution.
On appeal, the BIA found the IJ’s adverse credibility finding clearly erroneous,
explaining that the IJ based his finding on speculation rather than specific inconsistencies
central to Nikollbibaj’s claim that the Serbs arrested, harmed, and sent her into exile on
account of her ethnicity, religion, and political opinion. Assuming that Nikollbibaj
established past persecution, however, the BIA concluded that the evidence of changed
country conditions rebutted a presumption of a well-founded fear of future harm on
account of a protected ground. The BIA explained that the Democratic League is a legal,
prominent party with a number of parliamentary seats in Kosovo, that the Democratic
League has taken a public stance in eliminating violence in Kosovo, and that UN forces
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remain in Kosovo to help maintain stability and peace. The BIA also noted that
Nikollbibaj came to the United States in 2002 and then returned to Kosovo, and that her
husband still lives there and operates a business. The BIA also observed that the severity
of any persecution which Nikollbibaj may have endured did not rise to a level warranting
a grant of asylum based on such past persecution alone. This petition for review
followed.
We review the agency’s findings under the deferential substantial evidence
standard. We will reverse those findings only if “any reasonable adjudicator would be
compelled” to disagree with them. 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B).
Nikollbibaj argues that the IJ’s finding of changed country conditions was tainted
by his flawed negative credibility finding, that the IJ failed to shift the burden of proof of
changed country conditions to the Government, and that the IJ placed too much weight
on the United States State Department asylum profile. The BIA, however, did not adopt
the IJ’s decision. The BIA only affirmed the conclusion that Nikollbibaj failed to
demonstrate eligibility for asylum, withholding of removal, or protection under the CAT.
Where the BIA does not defer to the IJ’s decision, we review only the decision of the
BIA. Voci v. Gonzales, 409 F.3d 607, 612 (3d Cir. 2005). Although Nikollbibaj also
contends that the BIA erred by finding changed country conditions “based on the IJ’s
flawed analysis who failed to find persecution in the first place,” Pet. Br. at 9, the BIA’s
decision reflects that the BIA did not rely on the IJ’s analysis but provided its own
5
reasons regarding changed country conditions.1
Nikollbibaj further argues that the BIA erred in concluding that she should not be
granted asylum pursuant to 8 C.F.R. § 208.13(b)(1)(iii)(A) based on the severity of her
past persecution. Where there is little likelihood of future persecution, a favorable
exercise of discretion may be warranted for humanitarian reasons where an individual
has suffered atrocious forms of past persecution. Matter of Chen, 20 I. & N. Dec. 16, 19
(BIA 1989).
We recognize that Nikollbibaj was the victim of threats and humiliation, that she
was detained for two days, that Serbian forces beat her and her family, that her father
died after a beating by Serbian police, and that she lost her home. However, we agree
with the Government that her mistreatment does not rise to the level seen in those cases
where asylum has been granted based on past persecution alone. See, e.g., Vongsakdy v.
INS, 171 F.3d 1203 (9th Cir. 1999) (petitioner was a prisoner in a Laotian “re-education”
camp and was beaten, tortured, starved, forced to perform hard labor over extended time,
and made to witness murder of friend); Matter of Chen, 20 I. & N. Dec. 16 (BIA 1989)
(petitioner suffered from Chinese “re-education,” beginning as a child in the Cultural
1
Nikollbibaj also notes our decision in Berishaj v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 314, 327-28 (3d
Cir. 2004), for the principle that general evidence of changed country conditions is
insufficient to rebut specific grounds for a well-founded fear of future persecution.
Berishaj is distinguishable because in that case there was evidence that the police were
looking for the petitioner after he left the country, and that the petitioner’s brother was put
in jail. There is no evidence that anyone is looking for Nikollbibaj. As noted by the BIA,
Nikollbibaj’s husband remains in Kosovo and runs a business.
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Revolution and lasting over a decade, including beatings, isolation, food deprivation, and
public humiliation). The BIA’s denial of humanitarian asylum was not “manifestly
contrary to the law and an abuse of discretion.” See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(D) (setting
forth standard of review).
Finally, Nikollbibaj argues that the BIA erred by failing to conduct an
independent analysis of her CAT claim. We disagree. In her appeal to the BIA,
Nikollbibaj did not challenge the denial of her CAT claim. In addition, in light of the
changed country conditions, substantial evidence supports the BIA’s conclusion that
Nikollbibaj did not demonstrate eligibility for protection under the CAT.
Accordingly, we will deny the petition for review.
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