United States Court of Appeals
FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
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No. 02-3322/03-1422
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Steve Warnock, *
*
Appellant, *
*
v. * Appeals from the United States
* District Court for the Eastern
Charles Archer, Individually and as * District of Arkansas.
Superintendent; Charles Eads, *
Individually and as Principal; Gene *
Baldwin, Individually and as School *
Board President; David Smith, *
Individually and as member of the *
Board of Directors of the Devalls Bluff, *
Arkansas Public School District; *
L.C. Holloway, Individually and as *
member of the Board of Directors of the *
Devalls Bluff, Arkansas Public School *
District; Verna Gaddy, Individually and *
as member of the Board of Directors of *
the Devalls Bluff, Arkansas Public *
School District; Melvin Hula, *
Individually and as member of the *
Board of Directors of the Devalls Bluff, *
Arkansas Public School District; Vera *
Doepel, Individually and as member *
of the Board of Directors of the *
Devalls Bluff, Arkansas Public School *
District; Emma Gray, Individually and *
as member of the Board of Directors of *
the Devalls Bluff, Arkansas Public *
School District; Devalls Bluff Public *
School District, *
*
Appellees. *
--------------------------------------------- *
*
Americans United for Separation of *
Church and State, *
*
Amicus on Behalf *
of Appellant. *
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Submitted: May 10, 2004
Filed: February 4, 2005
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Before MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD, McMILLIAN, and MELLOY, Circuit
Judges.
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MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD, Circuit Judge.
Our opinion on the merits in this case is Warnock v. Archer, 380 F.3d 1076 (8th
Cir. 2004).
Steve Warnock has moved for attorney's fees and what he refers to as "costs"
on appeal from the defendants, and the defendants have filed objections. We reject
the defendants' contention that a motion for attorney's fees on appeal must be filed in
the district court, see Barket, Levy & Fine, Inc. v. St. Louis Thermal Energy Corp.,
21 F.3d 237, 243 (8th Cir. 1994); Reel v. Arkansas Dep't of Correction, 672 F.2d 693,
699 (8th Cir. 1982), and we grant the motion, in part.
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Shortly after the appeal was filed, Mr. Warnock's trial counsel withdrew.
Mr. Warnock was granted in forma pauperis status and, under the inherent power of
the court, we ordered attorney Morgan Welch of the firm of Eubanks, Welch, Baker
& Schulze, to represent him on all but the defendants' cross-appeal of the district
court's attorney's fee award; that issue was addressed by the Arkansas Education
Association (AEA). Mr. Warnock seeks $23,980 for attorney's fees and $2580.97 for
what he terms "costs" billed by the Eubanks firm: Mr. Welch billed 6.9 hours at $200
per hour ($1380), and (after Mr. Welch became ill) his partner, Gerry Schultze, billed
113 hours at the same hourly rate ($22,600). Mr. Warnock also requests $6235 for
the services of the AEA. Clayton Blackstock, the AEA's general counsel, billed
29.9 hours at $200 per hour ($5,980), another AEA attorney billed .6 hours at a
$175 per hour ($105), and a paralegal billed 3 hours at $50 per hour ($150).
Mr. Warnock brought this action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, challenging conduct
of the defendants on establishment-clause grounds. The "prevailing party" in a
§ 1983 action is generally entitled to "a reasonable attorney's fee." See 42 U.S.C.
§ 1988; Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 429 (1983).
I.
The defendants argue that Mr. Warnock is not entitled to fees on appeal
because he did not "prevail" in this court. In general, if a plaintiff prevails in the
district court, but then seeks and fails to obtain greater relief on appeal, he or she
"will be hard pressed to demonstrate an entitlement to ... attorney's fees on appeal."
Ustrak v. Fairman, 851 F.2d 983, 990 (7th Cir. 1988). Here, however, Mr. Warnock
succeeded on one issue that he raised on appeal – he sought and obtained a broader
injunction that applied to meetings and events regardless of whether he was present.
We conclude that this success qualifies him as a prevailing party and that, although
monetary relief is not involved, the significance of the issue and the public purpose
served by expanding the injunction supports an attorney's fee award, see Murray v.
City of Onawa, Iowa, 323 F.3d 616, 619 (8th Cir. 2003). Furthermore, Mr. Warnock
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successfully defended the cross-appeal in which the defendants challenged the district
court's award of an injunction and damages, as well as attorney's fees. See Fewquay
v. Page, 907 F.2d 1046, 1046 (11th Cir.1990); Ustrak, 851 F.2d at 990.
But Mr. Warnock did not prevail on all issues that he appealed, and the degree
of his success is "the most critical factor" in determining a reasonable fee award. See
Farrar v. Hobby, 506 U.S. 103, 114-15 (1992). There is “no precise rule or formula"
for making fee determinations in cases with only partial success, Hensley, 461 U.S.
at 436-37, and where, as here, the court cannot separate out which hours were billed
for which issues, we "may simply reduce the award to account for the [plaintiff's]
limited success," id. Although Mr. Warnock's attorneys' billing statements do not
reflect the time spent on each issue, we note that his opening brief focused primarily
on arguments that we rejected: He contended that he had made out a claim for
unconstitutional harassment and that the district court's failure to recognize that claim
resulted in its awarding him inadequate compensatory damages and no punitive
damages. But the Eubanks attorneys did successfully argue that the injunction should
be broadened, and they prevailed against the defendants' contention on cross-appeal
that the district court should not have found in favor of Mr. Warnock on any of his
claims. After considering the degree to which Mr. Warnock prevailed on the issues
addressed by the Eubanks firm, we deduct fifty percent of the firm's total bill from the
attorney's fee award. Mr. Warnock's partial success does not affect the AEA's bill,
however, since it successfully defended the cross-appeal of the attorney's fee award.
II.
Of course, the degree of the movant's success is not the only consideration in
awarding attorney's fees, and the defendants challenge the attorneys' $200 hourly rate
because Mr. Warnock supported it with only his lawyers' affidavits. The defendants
rely on a footnote in Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 895-96 n.11 (1984), which states
that the fee applicant must "produce satisfactory evidence – in addition to the
attorney's own affidavits – that the requested rates are in line with those prevailing
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in the community for similar services by lawyers of reasonably comparable skill,
experience, and reputation" (emphasis added). But Mr. Warnock's attorneys do not
simply attest to the reasonableness of their hourly rate; they recite their extensive
experience (e.g., both Mr. Schultze and Mr. Blackstock have been practicing law for
twenty years), Mr. Schultze cites over sixty cases in which he wrote appellate briefs,
and Mr. Blackstock notes his experience involving schools and civil rights. In
addition, when fixing hourly rates, courts may draw on their own experience and
knowledge of prevailing market rates. See e.g., Hall v. Borough of Roselle, 747 F.2d
838, 841 (3d Cir. 1984). We note that in another appeal we recently approved an
hourly rate of $250 for Mr. Welch and $225 for Mr. Schulze, and that nearly ten years
ago we affirmed an Arkansas district court's use of a $200 per hour rate to calculate
a fee award. See Mansker v. TMG Life Ins. Co., 54 F.3d 1322, 1330 (8th Cir. 1995).
Based on all of the circumstances, we conclude that $200 per hour is a reasonable rate
in this case.
III.
The defendants have not questioned any particular items included in the
attorneys' time sheets. But they argue that some charges in what is referred to by the
Eubanks firm as a "bill of costs" are not within the narrow scope of costs generally
chargeable on appeal under Fed. R. App. P. 39. We believe, however, that these
charges are properly part of a fee award as items reasonably charged by attorneys to
their clients. See Pinkham v. Camex, Inc., 84 F.3d 292, 294-95 (8th Cir. 1996) (per
curiam). With regard to these charges, we note that Mr. Schultze traveled to St. Louis
on the same day for oral arguments in both this case and Williams v. Conagra Poultry
Co., 378 F.3d 790 (8th Cir. 2004). For this reason, our fee award in Williams
included only half of Mr. Schultze's travel expenses. Here the Eubanks firm appears
to have billed for half of Mr. Schultze's airline and hotel expenses, and we decrease
by half the five hours listed on Mr. Schultze's bill for travel to St. Louis.
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IV.
The attorney's fee award is computed as follows:
Total bill for attorney time of Eubanks firm: $23,980
(Mr. Welch $1380 (6.9 hrs. @ $200))
(Mr. Schultze $22,600 (113 hrs. @ $200))
Deduct $500 (2.5 hours of Mr. Schultze's travel time)
Subtotal: $23,480
Deduct $11,740 (fifty percent for limited success)
Total award for Eubanks attorney time: $11,740
Total bill for expenses of Eubanks firm: $ 2,580.97
Deduct $1,290.48 (fifty percent for limited success)
Total award for Eubanks expenses: $1,290.49
Total bill for time for Mr. Blackstock and associates: $ 6,235
(Mr. Blackstock $5,980 (29.9 hrs. @ $200))
(Attorney Emily Sneddon $105 (.6 hr. @ $175))
(Paralegal $150 (3 hrs. @ $50))
No deductions
Total award for Mr. Blackstock and associates time: $6,235
Total attorney's fee award (including time and expenses): $19, 265.49
V.
Accordingly, we enter the following attorney's fee award:
Mr. Warnock's motion for attorney's fees is granted, in part, and the defendants
are ordered to pay to Mr. Warnock as attorney's fees a total of $19,265.49, which
consists of $17,975 for attorney and paralegal time, and $1,290.49 in other expenses.
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The clerk of this court is directed to request that the clerk of the district court add this
attorney's fee award to the mandate. See Fed. R. App. P. 47C(C).
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