Opinions of the United
2008 Decisions States Court of Appeals
for the Third Circuit
6-6-2008
Parfenova v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential
Docket No. 06-4232
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
No. 06-4232
TATYANA PARFENOVA; LIYA AKHMADOVA,
Petitioners
v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL USA,
Respondent
PETITION FOR REVIEW OF A DECISION OF
THE BOARD OF IMMIGRATION APPEALS
Agency No. A77-844-520
Immigration Judge: R. K. Malloy
Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
May 8, 2008
Before: BARRY, STAPLETON, Circuit Judges, and RESTANI,* Judge
(Opinion Filed: June 6, 2008)
OPINION
*
Honorable Jane A. Restani, Chief Judge, United States Court of International Trade,
sitting by designation.
BARRY, Circuit Judge
Petitioner Tatyana Parfenova is an ethnic Russian and a native of Azerbaijan; she
is also a member of the Russian Orthodox Christian church. Parfenova sought asylum,
withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”) on her
own behalf and on behalf of her daughter on the grounds that they were persecuted in
Azerbaijan because of Parfenova’s Russian ethnicity, her practice of Christianity, her
marriage to a Muslim man, and her involvement with a humanitarian group that spoke out
against ethnic strife between Azerbaijanis and Russians. Parfenova petitions for review
of an order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) that affirmed a decision of an
immigration judge (“IJ”) denying her claims for relief. For the following reasons, we will
deny the petition.1
I.
We have jurisdiction to review a final order of removal under 8 U.S.C. §
1252(a)(1). Where, as here, the BIA affirms the IJ’s holding without opinion, we review
the opinion of the IJ. Szehinskyj v. Atty. Gen., 432 F.3d 253, 254-55 (3d Cir. 2005). We
review an adverse credibility determination for substantial evidence. Under this standard,
an adverse credibility finding “‘can only be reversed if the evidence is such that a
reasonable factfinder would be compelled to conclude otherwise.’” Myat Thu v. Atty.
Gen., 510 F.3d 405, 412 (3d Cir. 2007) (quoting Chavarria v. Gonzalez, 446 F.3d 508,
1
Because we write solely for the parties, we discuss only those facts relevant to our
analysis.
2
515 (3d Cir. 2006)).
II.
The Attorney General may grant asylum to an alien who demonstrates that he or
she is a “refugee,” see 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b), that is, an alien unable to return to his or her
country of nationality “because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on
account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political
opinion,” id. § 1101(a)(42)(A); Myat Thu, 510 F.3d at 412-13. An alien seeking relief in
the form of withholding of removal bears the burden of demonstrating that it is more
likely than not that his or her life or freedom would be threatened upon return to his or her
home country on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social
group, or political opinion. Kaita v. Atty. Gen., 522 F.3d 288, 296 (3d Cir. 2008). An
alien’s demonstration of past persecution on account of one of the five statutorily-
protected grounds creates a rebuttable presumption of future persecution. 8 C.F.R. §
1208.16(b)(1)(i).2
III.
In her asylum application, Parfenova sought relief based on persecution because of
her ethnicity, her religion, and her marriage to a Muslim. She reaffirmed these bases for
relief during her “Assessment to Refer” before an immigration officer. About two weeks
2
Parfenova does not argue on appeal that the IJ erred in denying her CAT claim. That
claim, consequently, has been waived. Abdul-Akbar v. McKelvie, 239 F.3d 307, 316 n.2
(3d Cir. 2001) (en banc).
3
prior to her hearing before the IJ, however, Parfenova submitted, among other things, an
affidavit in which she (1) detailed additional acts of persecution that she had not
previously mentioned and (2) explained that she was also persecuted by Azerbaijani
authorities on account of her membership in a political organization that sought to quell
the conflict between Russians and Azerbaijanis.
At the hearing, Parfenova testified that her later affidavit accurately and
completely told her entire story. To that end, she sought to explain why she failed to raise
all of her arguments from the start. She testified that the Armenian friend who had
prepared her I-589 for her advised her not to claim that she had been ever arrested
because “they don’t like it when you’re being apprehended by police” and that she did not
need to explain her participation in a political group because she was not “officially
registered” in any such group. (J.A. 110.) Parfenova did not, however, offer her friend as
a witness, nor did she offer any other evidence that substantiated her claim that the friend
had advised her not to include these claims in her application.
The IJ denied Parfenova relief primarily because she believed that Parfenova’s
last-minute claims undercut the reliability of her testimony and her application generally.
The IJ’s decision is supported by substantial evidence. The differences between the
claims Parfenova made in her original application and those she made in her later
affidavit, differences that were material, served as a reasonable basis for the IJ to doubt
the veracity of those claims and Parfenova’s credibility generally. Indeed, we have
4
recognized that it is reasonable for an IJ to make an adverse credibility determination
where a petitioner, at some later stage of the proceedings, alters the claims he or she
originally made in an asylum application and then attempts to explain the earlier
omissions by resting responsibility for the contents of the application on the person who
prepared it. Xie v. Ashcroft, 359 F.3d 239, 245 (3d Cir. 2004) (denying petition where
substantial evidence supported IJ’s determination that he would “not buy into an
individual trying to put blame on either an attorney or a travel agency or anyone else in
the completion of the I-589 as a scapegoat to avoid being found incredible because of
contradictions and a conflict between the testimony given and the documentary evidence
presented”). In sum, this is not a case in which a reasonable factfinder would be
compelled to conclude that Parfenova’s claims were credible and that relief should have
been granted. See Myat Thu, 510 F.3d at 412.
IV.
We will deny the petition for review.