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[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________
No. 13-13463
Non-Argument Calendar
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D.C. Docket No. 4:12-cv-01776-JEO
SHARON BLAIR,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
versus
METROPOLITAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Defendant - Appellee.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Alabama
________________________
(June 23, 2014)
Before TJOFLAT, WILSON and JORDAN, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
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Originally filed in state court, Sharon Blair brought a claim against
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (MetLife) under the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), 29 U.S.C. § 1001 et seq., alleging that her
Long Term Disability (LTD) benefits under her employee welfare benefit plan (the
Plan) were wrongfully terminated. MetLife removed the case to federal court,
where the district court ultimately granted MetLife’s motion for judgment as a
matter of law. Blair appeals that decision. Specifically, Blair argues that (1)
Harvey v. Standard Ins. Co., 503 F. App’x 845 (11th Cir. 2013) (per curiam),
entitles her to a remand so that MetLife can issue a decision in her second
administrative appeal; (2) the district court and MetLife failed to properly consider
her favorable Social Security Administration (SSA) award; (3) MetLife denied a
full and fair review by failing to inform Blair of materials needed to perfect her
appeal; (4) MetLife improperly required objective evidence when it terminated
Blair’s LTD benefits because the Plan did not require objective evidence; (5) the
district court should have considered the evidence that was submitted during her
second appeal; (6) she should have been allowed discovery because a conflict of
interest existed; and (7) it was error for the district court to analyze her ERISA
claim under our six-step ERISA analysis as explained in Blankenship v. Metro.
Life Ins. Co., 644 F.3d 1350, 1355 (11th Cir. 2011) (per curiam). After
consideration of the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal, we affirm.
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I. FACTS
Blair is a former employee of Progressive Corporation, where she worked as
a claims specialist, analyzing and determining Progressive’s liability for losses or
damages, attempting settlement with claimants and attorneys, corresponding with
and interviewing witnesses and claimants, and calculating and paying claims.
Blair’s last active day of work was August 13, 2007.
Progressive’s Plan included LTD coverage. In part, the Plan provided
benefits for disability resulting from a “mental or nervous disorder or disease.”
These benefits were generally subject to a 24-month limitation. On November 13,
2007, MetLife received a claim from Blair seeking LTD benefits under the Plan.
MetLife approved her claim the following January, granting LTD benefits
retroactive to November 13, 2007. MetLife determined that Blair had a mental or
nervous disorder, specifically, recurrent major depression. Accordingly, Blair was
advised that her LTD benefits were subject to a 24-month maximum and were thus
scheduled to cease on November 12, 2009. At this time, MetLife also advised
Blair that in order to remain eligible for LTD benefits, Blair was to (1) continue to
satisfy the definition of disability and all other requirements under the Plan and (2)
periodically provide updated medical information regarding her disability.
On March 7, 2008, Blair was notified that her application for Social Security
Benefits had been approved—she would receive benefits effective February 2008.
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Once Blair notified MetLife that she was receiving Social Security, Blair’s LTD
benefits were adjusted, as provided under the Plan.
On March 14, 2008, MetLife advised Blair that it needed additional
information from her and her doctors to verify that she was still eligible for LTD
benefits. MetLife also faxed medical records requests to Blair’s three treating
doctors of record: Dr. Rafael Beltran, a psychiatrist; Dr. A. Bartow Ray, a
psychologist; and Dr. A. Just, a neurologist. MetLife failed to receive the
requested records. Accordingly, it terminated Blair’s LTD benefits effective May
14, 2008. However, MetLife soon thereafter received records from Drs. Just and
Ray and reinstated Blair’s LTD benefits effective May 15, 2008.
On August 20, 2008, and September 30, 2008, MetLife again requested that
Blair provide records of her recent medical information. Blair complied; however,
based on her most recent medical records, MetLife concluded that Blair was now
capable of performing the duties of her claims specialist position and terminated
her LTD benefits. MetLife mailed the termination letter on November 6, 2008.
Blair appealed MetLife’s decision. MetLife enlisted two doctors to evaluate
Blair’s medical records. Each authored a report concluding that Blair’s medical
records did not demonstrate that Blair suffered from impairments that rendered her
unable to perform the duties of her occupation from November 7, 2008 onward.
These reports were faxed to Drs. Just and Ray on January 16, 2009. MetLife asked
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for their comments and additional clinical evidence if they disagreed with the
reports. They did not respond. Again on January 22, 2009, MetLife faxed the
reports to Drs. Just and Ray and requested comments and additional clinical
evidence by the next day.
On January 30, 2009, MetLife had still not heard from Drs. Just and Ray.
On that same day MetLife issued its decision denying Blair’s administrative
appeal. In its letter rejecting Blair’s appeal, MetLife acknowledged that Blair had
received Social Security benefits, but explained that a Social Security award did
not guarantee the approval or continuation of LTD benefits and that the SSA’s
determination was separate from and governed by different standards than
MetLife’s review and determination pursuant to the terms of the Plan. The notice
concluded by advising that the latest “review constitutes MetLife’s final
determination on Appeal in accordance with the Plan and federal law” and that
Blair had the right to file a civil lawsuit under ERISA.
Blair subsequently retained an attorney, Myron Allenstein. Four months
later, on June 3, 2009, MetLife received a letter from Allenstein, requesting
documents and information relating to Blair’s claim. Allenstein further requested
45 days to present additional information and argument in support of Blair’s claim
for LTD benefits. Although MetLife agreed to consider materials through July 31,
2009, Allenstein continued to send letters stating that he anticipated submitting
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additional records on Blair’s behalf. He sent these letters on July 29, 2009, in
September 2009, and December 2009. Although there were numerous occasions
thereafter in which Allenstein suggested that he was, or by a certain date would be,
done submitting additional materials, and other occasions where MetLife indicated
its desire to resolve the claim on the file as supplemented, Allenstein kept sending
additional materials to MetLife periodically over the course of the next two-plus
years.
On December 12, 2011, Allenstein submitted an additional document dated
October 19, 2011, and noted that he had no additional evidence to submit. On
February 13, 2012, Allenstein wrote MetLife declaring he had submitted his last
evidence on December 12 and that MetLife’s purported 45-day deadline for a
response had passed. In early April 2012, without any further communication,
Blair filed suit for ERISA benefits in state court. MetLife removed the case to
federal court.
Both parties filed a slew of motions; the only one relevant here is MetLife’s
motion for judgment as a matter of law, which is before us on appeal. The district
court granted MetLife’s motion for judgment as a matter of law finding that
MetLife’s claim determination at issue was de novo correct. The court denied
Blair’s motions, and held that the court’s review was limited to the record before
MetLife at the time the claim determination at issue was made.
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II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
We review de novo the district court’s decision affirming an ERISA plan
administrator’s decision regarding benefit eligibility, and apply the same standards
as the district court. Blankenship, 644 F.3d at 1354. ERISA itself does not provide
a standard for courts to review the benefits determinations of plan administrators or
fiduciaries. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. v. Bruch, 489 U.S. 101, 109, 109 S. Ct.
948, 953 (1989). With Firestone and Metropolitan Life Insurance Company v.
Glenn, 544 U.S. 105, 128 S. Ct. 2343 (2008), as guides, however, this circuit has
formulated a multi-step framework for courts reviewing an ERISA plan
administrator’s benefits decisions:
(1) Apply the de novo standard to determine whether the claim
administrator’s benefits-denial decision is “wrong” (i.e., the court disagrees
with the administrator’s decision); if it is not, then end the inquiry and affirm
the decision.
(2) If the administrator’s decision in fact is “de novo wrong,” then
determine whether he was vested with discretion in reviewing claims; if not,
end judicial inquiry and reverse the decision.
(3) If the administrator’s decision is “de novo wrong” and he was vested
with discretion in reviewing claims, then determine whether “reasonable”
grounds supported it (hence, review his decision under the more deferential
arbitrary and capricious standard).
(4) If no reasonable grounds exist, then end the inquiry and reverse the
administrator’s decision; if reasonable grounds do exist, then determine if he
operated under a conflict of interest.
(5) If there is no conflict, then end the inquiry and affirm the decision.
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(6) If there is a conflict, the conflict should merely be a factor for the
court to take into account when determining whether an administrator’s
decision was arbitrary and capricious.
Blankenship, 644 F.3d at 1355. See Doyle v. Liberty Life Assurance Co. of Boston,
542 F.3d 1352, 1357 (11th Cir. 2008).
III. DISCUSSION
Blair first argues that our decision in Harvey entitles her to remand in order
to require MetLife to make a decision on her alleged “second appeal.” 503 F.
App’x at 848. Basically, Blair argues that remand is necessary so that MetLife can
reconsider her claim in light of the evidence she failed to timely submit and which
MetLife had no legal obligation to consider, under either the terms of the Plan or
ERISA itself. But in Harvey we rejected that exact argument, and we reject it here,
too. 1 See id. at 848–49.
Next, Blair argues that the district court and MetLife failed to properly
consider her favorable SSA award. Blair is mistaken. The district court did
consider Blair’s favorable award of SSA benefits but found that the only
information in the record relating to Blair’s SSA award was the fact that she was
awarded SSA benefits in March 2008. That is all. Accordingly, it could not
address the claim in more detail. Blair did not produce any other information, like,
1
We note that the attorney of record in Harvey is the same attorney of record in this case,
Myron Allenstein.
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for example, an opinion from an administrative law judge awarding benefits. The
district court did not even know what materials the SSA considered in making its
favorable decision because Blair did not provide it with that information. And
contrary to Blair’s assertions, MetLife did consider her favorable SSA award.
MetLife’s January 30, 2009 determination makes note of the award and explains
that the awarding of SSA benefits does not guarantee the approval or continuation
of LTD benefits because the SSA benefits decision is separate from and governed
by different standards than MetLife’s review and determination under the Plan.
Accordingly, this argument fails.
Blair also contends that MetLife denied a full and fair review by failing to
inform Blair of materials needed to perfect her appeal. Specifically, Blair argues
that MetLife failed to comply with 29 C.F.R. § 2560.503-1(g)(1)(iii), which
requires notice of an adverse benefit determination to include, “in a manner
calculated to be understood by the claimant,” a “description of any additional
material or information necessary for the claimant to perfect the claim and an
explanation of why such material or information is necessary.” See 29 U.S.C. §
1133; 29 C.F.R. § 2560. 503-1. Our Circuit requires only that notice of an adverse
benefit determination “substantially comply” with the content requirements set
forth in the regulation. See Perrino v. So. Bell Tel. & Tel. Co., 209 F.3d 1309,
1317–18 (11th Cir. 2000); Counts v. Gen. Life Ins. Co., 111 F.3d 105, 108 (11th
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Cir. 1997). In Counts, we found that an insurance company’s letter met the
statutory requirements where the letter “taken as a whole, . . . supplied [the
plaintiff] with a statement of reasons that, under the circumstances of the case,
permitted a sufficiently clear understanding of the administrator’s position to
permit effective review.” Counts, 111 F.3d at 108. We agree with the district
court that MetLife provided Blair with the necessary information. In its November
6, 2008 notice advising Blair that her LTD benefits would be terminated, MetLife
stated the following with regard to Blair’s right to appeal:
If you wish to further pursue your LTD claim the following
information is needed to review from Dr. Ray; Current psychiatric
evaluation, office visit notes, medical records, and/or testing which
documents an impairment in functional abilities that would prevent
you from performing the essential duties of your occupation. Medical
information needed from Dr. Just; Abnormal examination, diagnostic
testing to confirm a severity of impairments, current functional
capabilities and restrictions and limitations, an updated treatment plan
and certification of disability.
Blair appealed and advised MetLife that she was not submitting additional
information and would rely on her physicians to do so. MetLife provided the
appropriate information and Blair’s argument fails.
Blair argues that, contrary to the Plan, MetLife terminated Blair’s LTD
benefits based on Blair’s failure to provide objective evidence. But this claim
mischaracterizes MetLife’s reason for terminating Blair’s LTD benefits. Blair’s
LTD benefits were not terminated because she failed to provide objective
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evidence. Rather, MetLife’s decision was based on Blair’s inability to establish
disability under the Plan. Accordingly, this claim fails.
Next, Blair argues that the district court should have considered the evidence
that was submitted during her second appeal. First, there was no “second appeal.”
MetLife was not required under the Plan to review extra materials after it had
denied her first appeal. Blair not only received a timely decision on her initial
claim but also a full administrative appellate review of her claim in accordance
with the terms of the Plan. At that point, Blair was free to file suit in federal court
because she had exhausted her administrative remedies. Yet, she requested
MetLife to conduct an additional administrative review of her claim, which
MetLife was not contractually bound, but voluntarily agreed, to do. Moreover, our
case law is clear that we are limited to only those documents that were before the
administrator at the time the decision was made. See Jett v. Blue Cross & Blue
Shield of Ala., Inc., 890 F.2d 1137, 1139 (11th Cir. 1989) (noting that a review of
the administrator’s determination is “based upon the facts as known to the
administrator at the time the decision was made”); Turner v. Delta Family-Care
Disability & Survivorship Plan, 291 F.3d 1270, 1273 (11th Cir. 2002) (per curiam)
(stating that the court’s review is “based on the evidence of record”). The
documents Blair sent to MetLife over the two years following the denial of her
administrative appeal were not part of the record considered when determining
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whether to deny Blair’s LTD benefits. Accordingly, the district court is affirmed
as to this issue.
Blair contends that she should have been allowed discovery because a
conflict of interest existed. We agree with the district court that Blair’s discovery
request was unnecessary to resolve the case because the court correctly found that
MetLife’s decision to terminate LTD benefits was de novo correct. This finding
ends the analysis at step one. Accordingly, the court did not need to weigh
MetLife’s admitted conflict because that analysis is only necessary at the sixth and
final step of our Circuit’s multi-step test for reviewing ERISA plan administrator’s
benefit decisions. See Blankenship, 644 F.3d at 1355.
Finally, Blair argues that our six-step ERISA analysis as explained in
Blankenship should be abandoned. See id. This argument ignores the fact that we
created this six-step analysis because of the Supreme Court’s holding in Glenn,
544 U.S. 105, 128 S. Ct. 2343, and have repeatedly affirmed this analysis post-
Glenn. See, e.g., Blankenship, 644 F.3d at 1355; Capone v. Aetna Life Ins. Co.,
592 F.3d 1189, 1195–96 (11th Cir. 2010); Doyle v. Liberty Life Assur. Co. of Bos.,
542 F.3d 1352, 1360 (11th Cir. 2008).
The district court’s order granting judgment as a matter of law is affirmed.
AFFIRMED.
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