Case: 12-14260 Date Filed: 07/01/2013 Page: 1 of 8
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________
No. 12-14260
Non-Argument Calendar
________________________
Agency No. A200-615-727
BANUSANTHAR VAITHEESVARAN,
Petitioner,
versus
US ATTORNEY GENERAL,
Respondent.
________________________
Petition for Review of a Decision of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
________________________
(July 1, 2013)
Before CARNES, BARKETT and BLACK, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Case: 12-14260 Date Filed: 07/01/2013 Page: 2 of 8
Banusanthar Vaitheesvaran, a Sri Lankan citizen, through counsel, seeks
review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (BIA) final order affirming the
Immigration Judge’s (IJ) denial of his application for asylum, withholding of
removal, and relief under the United Nations Convention Against Torture and
Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT).
Vaitheesvaran raises several issues on appeal,1 which we address in turn. After
review, 2 we deny the petition in part, remand in part, and dismiss in part.
Adverse Credibility Finding
Vaitheesvaran contends the BIA and the IJ erred in their credibility
determinations because they took into account trivial factors, ignored his consistent
testimony, and failed to provide specific, cogent reasons for the adverse findings.
We review an adverse credibility finding under the substantial-evidence test.
Chen v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 463 F.3d 1228, 1230-31 (11th Cir. 2006). We must affirm
the determination “if it is supported by reasonable, substantial, and probative
evidence on the record considered as a whole.” Ruiz v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 440 F.3d
1
Vaitheesvaran has abandoned his requests for withholding of removal and CAT
protection on the basis of being a persecuted Tamil by failing to make substantive arguments on
those issues in his brief. Sepulveda v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 401 F.3d 1226, 1228 n.2 (11th Cir. 2005).
However, Vaitheesvaran does argue he should be eligible for CAT relief on the basis of his
status as a failed asylum seeker, which we address separately.
2
We review the BIA’s decision as the final judgment. Ruiz v. Gonzales, 479 F.3d 762,
765 (11th Cir. 2007). However, because the BIA explicitly agreed with several findings of the
IJ, we review the decisions of both the BIA and the IJ as to those issues. Ayala v. U.S. Att’y
Gen., 605 F.3d 941, 948 (11th Cir. 2010).
2
Case: 12-14260 Date Filed: 07/01/2013 Page: 3 of 8
1247, 1254-55 (11th Cir. 2006) (quotation omitted). In so doing, we will view “the
record evidence in the light most favorable to the agency’s decision and draw all
reasonable inferences in favor of that decision.” Id. at 1255 (quotation omitted).
Accordingly, in order to conclude that a finding of fact should be reversed, we
must determine that the record compels reversal, as the mere fact that it may
support a contrary conclusion is insufficient. Id.
A credibility determination may be based on the totality of the
circumstances, including: (1) the demeanor, candor, and responsiveness of the
applicant; (2) the plausibility of the applicant’s account; (3) the consistency
between the applicant’s written and oral statements; (4) the internal consistency of
each statement; and (5) the consistency of the applicant’s statements with other
record evidence, including country reports. 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii).
Moreover, an adverse-credibility determination may be based on inconsistencies,
inaccuracies, or falsehoods, regardless of whether they relate to the heart of an
applicant’s claim. Id.
Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s conclusion that specific, cogent
reasons supported the IJ’s adverse-credibility determination. Specifically, the BIA
determined that there was no clear error in the IJ’s adverse-credibility
determination based on the following findings: (1) Vaitheesvaran did not mention
that he was forcibly recruited by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), in
3
Case: 12-14260 Date Filed: 07/01/2013 Page: 4 of 8
2007 until the removal hearing; (2) he was not consistent as to which family
members were injured in the shelling alongside him; (3) his asylum application,
unlike his testimony, indicated that none of his family members were able to obtain
medical treatment; and (4) he never mentioned in his asylum application that his
friend died in the missile attack, or that he was beaten with a baton during
interrogations at the camp.
Although Vaitheesvaran offered some explanation for the inconsistency
between his testimony and his asylum application, that explanation does not
compel a conclusion that he was otherwise credible. See Ruiz, 440 F.3d at 1255.
The inconsistencies in Vaitheesvaran’s testimony and asylum application support
the IJ’s adverse-credibility determination.
Consideration of Vaitheesvaran’s claims
Vaitheesvaran contends the BIA erred by failing to consider the harm and
fear to which he was subjected by the Sri Lankan armed forces on account of
protected grounds in his asylum claim. Vaitheesvaran also asserts the IJ and the
BIA erred by failing to adjudicate his claim for asylum and CAT relief based on
his status as a failed Tamil asylum seeker.
The IJ or the BIA must generally consider all of the evidence introduced by
an applicant and all of the issues raised, and each must “announce its decision in
terms sufficient to enable a reviewing court to perceive that it has heard and
4
Case: 12-14260 Date Filed: 07/01/2013 Page: 5 of 8
thought and not merely reacted.” Tan v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 446 F.3d 1369, 1374
(11th Cir. 2006). However, where the IJ or the BIA has given reasoned
consideration to the petition, and made adequate findings, we “will not require that
it address specifically each claim the petitioner made or each piece of evidence the
petitioner presented.” Id. (quotation omitted).
1. Past persecution as a Tamil
Vaitheesvaran’s claim that the IJ and the BIA failed to consider the past
persecution he faced from the Sri Lankan Army because he was Tamil is
unavailing. The IJ found that because Vaitheesvaran only demonstrated that the
Sri Lankan government targeted him based on their belief he was a member of the
LTTE, the harm he experienced did not constitute persecution on account of a
protected ground. The IJ further concluded that neither targeting for forced
conscription and recruitment by criminal organizations, nor an isolated criminal
attack by six assailants, constituted persecution on account of a protected ground.
The BIA also determined that Vaitheesvaran’s asylum claim lacked the necessary
nexus between any past harm and one of the protected grounds, as he failed to
present any evidence to show that members of a paramilitary group imputed a pro-
5
Case: 12-14260 Date Filed: 07/01/2013 Page: 6 of 8
LTTE political opinion to him because he was Tamil, or that they were motivated
to harm him on that ground. 3
2. Failed asylum seeker
While it is questionable whether Vaitheesvaran brought the failed asylum
seeker claim in his IJ proceedings, he brought it before the BIA and the BIA
discussed it without making a clear finding on this issue. In the BIA’s decision, in
the context of discussing Vaitheesvaran’s due process argument, the BIA stated
that Vaitheesvaran sought to file “additional background country condition
information to corroborate his claim that failed asylum seekers, predominantly
Tamil, face future harm upon return to Sri Lanka.” While it found Vaitheesvaran’s
due process argument lacked merit, later in its decision, the BIA stated that even if
the additional background evidence was admitted, it did “not establish that there is
a clear probability of torture by the government, or a pattern or practice of the
government or paramilitary groups persecuting individuals similarly situated to the
respondent in Sri Lanka.” It is not clear from this statement whether the BIA is
discussing Vaitheesvaran’s “similarly situated status” as a Tamil or as a failed
3
To the extent Vaitheesvaran argues the BIA and IJ erred in failing to grant asylum on
this claim even with the adverse credibility finding, Vaitheesvaran’s claim lacked the necessary
nexus between any past harm and one of the protected grounds because he failed to present any
evidence to show that members of a paramilitary group imputed a pro-LTTE political opinion to
him because he was Tamil, and were motivated to harm him as a result. See 8 U.S.C.
§§ 1101(a)(42)(A), 1158(b)(1). Vaitheesvaran also failed to show a well-founded fear of future
persecution because he could not establish that his fear was objectively reasonable, particularly
because he testified that his younger brother, who was present with him at the refugee camp,
continues to live in Sri Lanka without facing any persecution. See id.
6
Case: 12-14260 Date Filed: 07/01/2013 Page: 7 of 8
asylum seeker. The BIA’s findings as to Vaitheesvaran’s failed asylum seeker
status are inadequate for this Court to review. Thus, we remand to the BIA for
further proceedings on this claim. 4
Due Process
Vaitheesvaran further contends the IJ violated his due process rights by
refusing to reopen the record and admit a newly released country report on torture
in Sri Lanka, detailing the persecution faced by failed asylum seekers.
“We review constitutional challenges de novo.” Lonyem v. U.S. Att’y Gen.,
352 F.3d 1338, 1341 (11th Cir. 2003). “Where a constitutional claim has no merit,
however, we do not have jurisdiction.” Gonzalez-Oropeza v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 321
F.3d 1331, 1333 (11th Cir. 2003). “To establish due process violations in removal
proceedings, aliens must show that they were deprived of liberty without due
process of law, and that the asserted errors caused them substantial prejudice.”
Lonyem, 352 F.3d at 1341-42.
Vaitheesvaran failed to show that he was deprived of any rights to a fair and
impartial hearing as a result of the IJ’s refusal to admit the torture report. Even if
the given report was unavailable prior to the close of the IJ’s record, Vaitheesvaran
summarized the report in his brief to the BIA. He cannot show substantial
4
We express no opinion regarding whether this claim was properly before the BIA. We
remand because if the BIA ruled on Vaitheesvaran’s asylum and CAT claims related to being a
failed asylum seeker, there are inadequate findings for this Court to review. If the BIA was
declining to address this issue, however, there are also inadequate findings for this Court to
determine that was the BIA’s intent.
7
Case: 12-14260 Date Filed: 07/01/2013 Page: 8 of 8
prejudice as the BIA had a summary of the evidence before it, and the BIA
mentioned the report in its decision.
Because Vaitheesvaran’s due process claim lacks merit, he has not raised a
substantial constitutional question. Accordingly, we dismiss Vaitheesvaran’s
petition for a lack of jurisdiction in this respect.
PETITION DENIED IN PART; REMANDED IN PART; AND
DISMISSED IN PART.
8