Affirmed and Opinion Filed July 31, 2014
Court of Appeals
S In The
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
No. 05-13-00903-CR
JOSEPH STANLEY SKUPIEN, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the Criminal District Court No. 5
Dallas County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. F12-41699-L
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Chief Justice Wright and Justices Bridges and Holcomb
Opinion by Justice Holcomb1
Joseph Stanley Skupien was charged by indictment with burglary of a habitation. TEX.
PENAL CODE ANN. § 30.02(a)(3) (West 2011). He waived a jury and agreed to a bench trial. The
trial court found him guilty. After appellant pleaded true to one enhancement paragraph, the trial
court sentenced him to fifteen years’ imprisonment. In one issue, appellant claims the evidence
is insufficient to support the conviction. We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
BACKGROUND
Barbara Ayo, a neighbor of the 89-year-old complainant Lillie Morrin, testified she had
awakened at approximately 6:00 a.m. on September 30, 2012. She looked through the blinds on
her back window and saw a flashlight shining on the glass panels of Morrin’s garage. Ayo knew
1
They Hon. Charles R. Holcomb, Retired Judge, sitting by assignment.
Morrin was out of town, and she immediately called 911. Ayo saw an individual, whom she later
recognized as appellant, walk to a truck that was parked in Morrin’s carport and then to the side
of Morrin’s home. Ayo identified appellant to the 911 operator. Appellant was pointing his
flashlight into a side window and walked down the alley with his flashlight facing downward
“like he was looking for something.” Appellant then returned to Morrin’s home and entered a
gate onto the backyard patio. Ayo did not see appellant enter the house or carrying anything
from the property. She heard the police shout, “Come out with your hands up.”
Lillie Morrin testified she had visited appellant’s parents to let them know she was
leaving town for an extended period of time to visit her sister in California. Morrin testified that
appellant lived in an RV in his parents’ backyard. Morrin testified that appellant may have been
around when she told his parents she was leaving town because he was “in and out.” Morrin
testified, however, that she did not ask him to look after her home or provide him with a key.
Morrin did not give appellant permission to be in her home or pick up her mail, nor did appellant
ever mention picking up Morrin’s mail for her. Morrin testified that she had moved to Mesquite
from Galveston and had not fully unpacked. When she checked her belongings, the only thing
she discovered missing was a record player. She agreed her home was not disturbed or
ransacked, nor had anyone gone through her drawers. Morrin testified that in the past appellant
had given her things for her home, he sold her a wooden recliner for $10.00 and a small table for
$2.00 that she had on her patio.
Manuel Morrin testified he is Morrin’s brother. He was to watch over Morrin’s house
while she was out-of-town, as he had done during the preceding three years. Manuel went to
Morrin’s house almost every day, checked the house, and picked up her mail because she
received a lot of magazines. Morrin had someone who mowed the lawn for her. Manuel
testified that after he was notified that the police had been to Morrin’s house, he went by the
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house. He found a bathroom window open all the way and a pink stepladder leaning against the
brick wall. On his previous visits to the house, no windows were open.
Mesquite police officers Hatsady Thongsavat and Crabtree responded to the 911 call to
Morrin’s house. Thongsavat testified that the officers parked their patrol units about two houses
away and approached Morrin’s house on foot from the front. They walked towards the back,
shining their flashlights into the windows as they passed. When they reached the back of the
house, they found appellant holding a flashlight and exiting through the sliding glass door. They
also saw a ladder under an open bathroom window. Appellant told the officers he was watching
over Morrin’s house for her and he was simply investigating the open windows he had observed.
The officers took appellant into custody and “swept” Morrin’s house. They did not find anyone
else inside nor did they find the house to be in disarray but they did note that two other windows
were also open.
Mesquite police sergeant Wes Talley ascertained that appellant was not authorized to be
in Morrin’s house, and the officers arrested appellant. Talley also testified that he received a
letter from appellant. The letter, which was admitted as State’s Exhibit no. 8, was addressed to
Talley, Thongsavat, and Crabtree. In the letter, appellant claimed to be a “part time resident” at
Morrin’s home. In the letter, appellant also stated he did not call the police because he wanted
to investigate the matter himself in case he was “just being delusional.”
Appellant testified that Morrin approached him and his parents while they were in their
garage and told them about her trip. Appellant said he jokingly asked Morrin if she wanted him
to care for her lawn. Morrin replied, “No. Just keep an eye on my house for me.” Appellant
testified that he gave, not sold, Morrin things such as furniture because she was a “broke old
woman” whom he loved even though he had only known her about a year. Appellant testified
that on the night he entered the house, he had intermittently smoked methamphetamine from
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about 2:00 a.m. to 6:00 a.m. He intended to do laundry after his father awoke, which was
between 6:00 a.m. and 6:30 a.m. He retrieved his clothes from the trunk of his car and put them
on the trunk and the fence of his parents’ house. He then went to urinate in his parents’ yard and,
while doing so, he became suspicious when he noticed an open window on Morrin’s house. He
retrieved a flashlight from his truck and flashed the light in Morrin’s garage windows. He saw
boxes he did not believe had been there recently. Appellant then went to the side of the house
and, after noticing open windows, began to beat on the windows and said, “You better come out
or I’m gonna call the police.” Appellant testified he thought he had seen a person or a light
inside the home. He went to the front door and began to ring the doorbell. He noticed the mail
box, which was on the front porch, was full. Fearing this would signal an unoccupied home, he
took Morrin’s mail, intending to give it to her, and he set it on the trunk of his vehicle. Appellant
testified he tried to call his father and Morrin’s home phone, but did not get an answer. He
debated about whether to call police, but hesitated due to his history with law enforcement and
fear of going to jail. So, he stopped to smoke a cigarette.
Appellant saw a light go on in the home of the neighbor on the opposite side of Morrin’s
yard, and he saw her standing by a window talking on the telephone. Appellant thought, “Okay.
I have a witness.” He waved at the neighbor, climbed a ladder he had positioned by the
bathroom window, and eased himself through the window onto the bathroom counter. Appellant
walked through the house, but found no one. When he saw a flashlight, he knew the police had
arrived and approached them to explain he went in the house because Morrin had left her
windows open and he believed he had seen someone inside. Appellant testified he had no
knowledge of the record player Morrin said was missing. During cross-examination of
appellant, the State introduced into evidence State’s Exhibit no. 9, a letter appellant had written
to his father. In the letter appellant asked his father to fill out a change of address card in
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appellant’s name at the post office to reflect Morrin’s address and back-date it to before “Sept.
12” so that when appellant went to trial, he would have received mail at Morrin’s address.
Marquita Fitzgerald testified in rebuttal that she is the neighbor who lives on the opposite
side of Morrin’s house. Fitzgerald denied that appellant waved to her on the morning of the
burglary and had no knowledge he went into the house.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
We review a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence under the standard set out in
Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (1979). Matlock v. State, 392 S.W.3d 662, 667 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2013). In conducting our review, we consider all of the evidence in the light most
favorable to the verdict and determine whether a rational trier of fact could have found the
essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319;
Matlock, 392 S.W.3d at 667. This standard recognizes the “responsibility of the trier of fact
fairly to resolve conflicts in the testimony, to weight the evidence, and to draw reasonable
inferences from the basic facts to ultimate facts.” Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319; see also Adames v.
State, 353 S.W.3d 854, 860 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011). The trial court, as finder of fact, is the sole
judge of the credibility of the witnesses and can choose to believe all, some, or none of the
testimony presented by the parties. See Wise v. State, 364 S.W.3d 900, 903, 905 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2012). We defer to the fact finders determinations of credibility and may not substitute our
judgment for that of the fact finder. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319; Williams v. State, 235 S.W.3d
742, 750 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). Evidence is sufficient if “the inferences necessary to establish
guilt are reasonable based on the cumulative force of all the evidence when considered in the
light most favorable to the verdict.” See Wise, 364 S.W.3d at 903; see also Hooper v. State, 214
S.W.3d 9, 16–17 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007).
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ANALYSIS
In his sole issue, appellant contends the evidence is legally insufficient to support his
conviction. Appellant claims the evidence supports at most a finding of guilt of criminal
trespass, but is insufficient to show he entered Morrin’s home with the intent to commit theft.
The State responds that the trial court, as sole judge of the evidence, was free to disbelieve
appellant’s claim that he did not enter Morrin’s house with the intent to commit theft.
To obtain a conviction for burglary of a habitation, the State had to prove beyond a
reasonable doubt that: (1) appellant; (2) entered a habitation; (3) without the effective consent of
Morrin; (4) in order to commit or attempt to commit a theft. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §
30.02(a)(3). The evidence presented showed appellant was inside Morrin’s home, without her
permission, in the early morning hours, and that Morrin discovered a record player had been
taken. Although appellant testified he was in the home because he believed someone else had
entered the home and he was trying to check it out, the trial court, as fact finder, was free to
determine appellant’s testimony was not credible.
Reviewing all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, we conclude a
rational trier of fact could have found beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant entered Morrin’s
home with the intent to commit or attempt to commit theft. See id.; Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319;
Matlock, 392 S.W.3d at 667. Thus, the evidence is sufficient to support the conviction. We
overrule appellant’s sole issue.
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Do Not Publish /Charles R. Holcomb/
TEX. R. APP. P. 47 CHARLES R. HOLCOMB
130903F.P05 JUSTICE, ASSIGNED
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S
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
JUDGMENT
JOSEPH STANLEY SKUPIEN, Appellant On Appeal from the Criminal District Court
No. 5, Dallas County, Texas
No. 05-13-00903-CR V. Trial Court Cause No. F12-41699-L.
Opinion delivered by Justice Holcomb,
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Chief Justice Wright and Justice Bridges
participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.
Judgment entered July 31, 2014
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