Opinion filed March 26, 2015
In The
Eleventh Court of Appeals
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No. 11-14-00263-CV
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IN THE INTEREST OF R.N.T.N., A CHILD
On Appeal from the 318th District Court
Midland County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. FM 56,063
MEMORANDUM OPINION
This is an appeal from an order terminating the parental rights of the mother
and the father of R.N.T.N. Each parent filed a notice of appeal. We dismiss the
father’s appeal, and we affirm the order of termination.
I. The Father’s Appeal
The father’s court-appointed counsel has filed a motion to withdraw and a
supporting brief in which he professionally and conscientiously examines the
record and applicable law and states that he has concluded that the appeal is
frivolous. The brief meets the requirements of Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738
(1967), by presenting a professional evaluation of the record demonstrating why
there are no arguable grounds to be advanced. See In re Schulman, 252 S.W.3d
403 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008); High v. State, 573 S.W.2d 807 (Tex. Crim. App.
1978). In this regard, the practice recognized in Anders for court-appointed
counsel to seek a withdrawal from a frivolous appeal applies to parental
termination proceedings involving appointed counsel. In re R.M.C., 395 S.W.3d
820 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2013, no pet.); see In re K.D., 127 S.W.3d 66, 67 (Tex.
App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2003, no pet.).
The father’s counsel provided the father with a copy of the brief1 and
informed him of his right to review the record and file a response to counsel’s
brief. 2 In compliance with Kelly v. State, 436 S.W.3d 313 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014),
counsel also provided the father with a form motion to file in this court to obtain
access to the appellate record. We note that the father has not filed the motion in
this court. We conclude that the father’s counsel has satisfied his duties under
Anders, Schulman, and Kelly.
Following the procedures outlined in Anders and Schulman, we have
independently reviewed the record, and we agree that the father’s appeal is without
merit and should be dismissed. See Schulman, 252 S.W.3d at 409. Accordingly,
we grant the motion to withdraw filed by the father’s court-appointed appellate
counsel. Additionally, we order counsel to notify the father of the disposition of
this appeal and the availability of discretionary review in the Texas Supreme
Court. Counsel is directed to send the father a copy of the opinion and judgment
within five days after the opinion is handed down, along with notification of his
1
We note that counsel informed this court that the certified mail sent by counsel to the father was
returned. Counsel did not state that any first class mail had been returned, and the letter sent to the father
by this court—when counsel’s brief and motion to withdraw were filed—has not been returned.
2
By letter, this court granted the father twenty-one days in which to exercise his right to file a
response to counsel’s brief. The father has not filed any response in this court.
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right to file a pro se petition for review under TEX. R. APP. P. 53. Likewise, this
court advises the father that he may file a petition for review pursuant to TEX. R.
APP. P. 53.
II. The Mother’s Appeal
In her appeal, the mother presents eight issues in which she challenges the
legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence to support the trial court’s findings in
support of termination.
A. Termination Findings and Standards
The termination of parental rights must be supported by clear and
convincing evidence. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001 (West 2014). To
determine if the evidence is legally sufficient in a parental termination case, we
review all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the finding and determine
whether a rational trier of fact could have formed a firm belief or conviction that its
finding was true. In re J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d 570, 573 (Tex. 2005). To determine if
the evidence is factually sufficient, we give due deference to the finding and
determine whether, on the entire record, a factfinder could reasonably form a firm
belief or conviction about the truth of the allegations against the parent. In re C.H.,
89 S.W.3d 17, 25–26 (Tex. 2002). To terminate parental rights, it must be shown
by clear and convincing evidence that the parent has committed one of the acts
listed in Section 161.001(1)(A)–(T) and that termination is in the best interest of
the child. FAM. § 161.001.
With respect to the best interest of a child, no unique set of factors need be
proved. In re C.J.O., 325 S.W.3d 261, 266 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2010, pet.
denied). But courts may use the non-exhaustive Holley factors to shape their
analysis. Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371–72 (Tex. 1976). These include,
but are not limited to, (1) the desires of the child, (2) the emotional and physical
needs of the child now and in the future, (3) the emotional and physical danger to
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the child now and in the future, (4) the parental abilities of the individuals seeking
custody, (5) the programs available to assist these individuals to promote the best
interest of the child, (6) the plans for the child by these individuals or by the
agency seeking custody, (7) the stability of the home or proposed placement,
(8) the acts or omissions of the parent that may indicate that the existing parent-
child relationship is not a proper one, and (9) any excuse for the acts or omissions
of the parent. Id. Additionally, evidence that proves one or more statutory
grounds for termination may also constitute evidence illustrating that termination is
in the child’s best interest. C.J.O., 325 S.W.3d at 266.
In this case, the trial court found that the mother had committed three of the
acts listed in Section 161.001(1)—those found in subsections (D), (E), and (O).
Specifically, the trial court found that the mother had knowingly placed or
knowingly allowed the child to remain in conditions or surroundings that
endangered the child’s physical or emotional well-being; that the mother had
engaged in conduct or knowingly placed the child with persons who engaged in
conduct that endangered the child’s physical or emotional well-being; and that the
mother had failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically
established the actions necessary for her to obtain the return of the child, who had
been in the managing conservatorship of the Department of Family and Protective
Services for not less than nine months as a result of the child’s removal from the
parents for abuse or neglect. The trial court also found, pursuant to Section
161.001(2), that termination of the mother’s parental rights would be in the best
interest of the child.
B. Evidence and Analysis
The record shows that the child at issue in this appeal, R.N.T.N., was five
years old at the time of the final hearing on termination and that he had spent more
than one-third of his life in the care of the State. The child was first removed from
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his parents’ care in January 2011, and after the mother completed the services
required by the court, the child was returned to her in August 2012. He was again
removed from his parents’ care in May 2013, although the Department began
looking for the family in November 2012 based upon several reports of neglectful
supervision of the child. The problems in 2013 were the same as those in 2011: the
parents’ use of methamphetamine, domestic violence between the parents, and
poor living conditions. The mother had a significant history of drug use, including
alcohol, marihuana methamphetamine, cocaine, and crack cocaine. But her drug of
choice was methamphetamine.
The 2013 removal was the Department’s “fifth involvement” with the
mother. Her older children were first taken into custody by the Department in
2004; the issues in 2004 were also methamphetamine use and domestic violence.
At the time of the removal in 2013, the mother admitted that she had been hiding
from the Department and that she had begun using methamphetamine again only
three months after the child was returned to her. The evidence also indicated that
the parents’ living conditions were poor, that the parents continued to engage in
domestic violence, and that domestic violence occurred in the child’s presence.
After his removal, the child described the family’s home as dirty, and he said that
his father had broken pieces of the house, that his parents fought, and that his
father hit him when he tried to protect his mother.
Although the father had been abusive toward the mother in the past, she was
adamant that “people can change” and that she wanted to continue her relationship
with the father when he got out of prison, get the child back, and be a family. The
parents admitted that their abusive relationship endangered the child. The mother
said that the father was violent when they “were using drugs” and that he “acted
enraged” and, on more than one occasion, hit her in the face and head. The police
had been called to the parents’ domestic disputes five or six times.
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Although there was evidence that both parents loved the child and were
bonded with him, the evidence indicated that the parents were either unable or
incapable of providing a safe, stable, drug-free, and violence-free home for the
child. The Department’s plan for the child was termination of the parents’ rights
and unrelated adoption. The Department had located a permanent home for the
child. The child had met the prospective adoptive parents and would be
transitioned to the adoptive home from his foster home. The foster parents were
not willing to adopt the child because they were afraid of the father.
1. Mother’s Conduct
There was clear and convincing evidence from which the trial court could
reasonably have formed a firm belief that the mother engaged in conduct or
knowingly placed the child with persons who engaged in conduct that endangered
the physical or emotional well-being of the child. FAM. § 161.001(1)(E). Under
subsection (E), the relevant inquiry is whether evidence exists that the
endangerment of the child’s well-being was the direct result of the parent’s
conduct, including acts, omissions, or failures to act. In re D.O., 338 S.W.3d 29,
33 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2011, no pet.). Additionally, termination under
subsection (E) must be based on more than a single act or omission; a voluntary,
deliberate, and conscious course of conduct by the parent is required. In re D.T.,
34 S.W.3d 625, 634 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2000, pet. denied); In re K.M.M., 993
S.W.2d 225, 228 (Tex. App.—Eastland 1999, no pet.). The offending conduct
does not need to be directed at the child, nor does the child actually have to suffer
an injury. In re J.O.A., 283 S.W.3d 336, 345 (Tex. 2009). Domestic violence may
constitute evidence of endangerment. Id.; C.J.O., 325 S.W.3d at 265. The
evidence showed that the mother and father engaged in domestic violence in the
child’s presence and that the mother used methamphetamine while responsible for
the care of the child. Based on the record in this case, we hold that the evidence
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was legally and factually sufficient to support the trial court’s finding under
Section 161.001(1)(E). The mother’s fifth and sixth issues are overruled.
Because a finding that a parent committed one of the acts listed in Section
161.001(1)(A)–(T) is all that is required and because we have held that the
evidence is sufficient to support the trial court’s finding under subsection (E), we
need not address the mother’s third, fourth, seventh, and eighth issues in which she
challenges the findings made pursuant to subsections (D) and (O). See TEX. R.
APP. P. 47.1.
2. Best Interest
In her first and second issues, the mother challenges the finding that
termination of her rights would be in the best interest of her child. We hold that,
based on clear and convincing evidence presented at trial and the Holley factors,
the trial court could reasonably have formed a firm belief or conviction that
termination of the mother’s parental rights would be in the best interest of the
child. See Holley, 544 S.W.2d at 371–72. Upon considering the record as it
relates to the desires of the child; the emotional and physical needs of the child
now and in the future; the emotional and physical danger to the child now and in
the future; the mother’s history with the Department; the mother’s continued drug
use, despite having completed her services in the past; the parental abilities of the
mother; the instability of the mother’s home; the family’s history of domestic
violence; the stability of the child’s placement; the plans for the child by the
Department; and the acts and omissions indicating that the parent-child
relationship was not a proper one, we hold that the evidence is sufficient to support
the finding that termination of the mother’s parental rights is in the best interest of
the child. See id. The mother’s first and second issues are overruled.
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III. This Court’s Ruling
The motion to withdraw filed by the father’s court-appointed counsel is
granted, and the father’s appeal is dismissed. We affirm the trial court’s order of
termination.
MIKE WILLSON
JUSTICE
March 26, 2015
Panel consists of: Wright, C.J.,
Willson, J., and Bailey, J.
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