Opinion filed March 12, 2015
In The
Eleventh Court of Appeals
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No. 11-14-00252-CV
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IN THE INTEREST OF C.C.C. AND C.S.C., CHILDREN
On Appeal from the 29th District Court
Palo Pinto County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. C45424
MEMORAND UM OPI NI ON
This is an appeal from an order of termination of the parental rights of the
mother and father of C.C.C. and C.S.C. The mother voluntarily relinquished her
parental rights. The father appeals. We affirm.
In two issues on appeal, the children’s father challenges the legal and factual
sufficiency of the evidence to support termination. The termination of parental
rights must be supported by clear and convincing evidence. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.
§ 161.001 (West 2014). To terminate parental rights under Section 161.001, it
must be shown by clear and convincing evidence that the parent has committed one
of the acts listed in Section 161.001(1)(A)–(T) and that termination is in the best
interest of the child. Id.
To determine on appeal if the evidence is legally sufficient in a parental
termination case, we review all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the
finding and determine whether a rational trier of fact could have formed a firm
belief or conviction that its finding was true. In re J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d 570, 573
(Tex. 2005). To determine if the evidence is factually sufficient, we give due
deference to the finding and determine whether, on the entire record, a factfinder
could reasonably form a firm belief or conviction about the truth of the allegations
against the parent. In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 25–26 (Tex. 2002).
With respect to the best interest of a child, no unique set of factors need be
proved. In re C.J.O., 325 S.W.3d 261, 266 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2010, pet.
denied). But courts may use the non-exhaustive Holley factors to shape their
analysis. Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371–72 (Tex. 1976). These include,
but are not limited to, (1) the desires of the child, (2) the emotional and physical
needs of the child now and in the future, (3) the emotional and physical danger to
the child now and in the future, (4) the parental abilities of the individuals seeking
custody, (5) the programs available to assist these individuals to promote the best
interest of the child, (6) the plans for the child by these individuals or by the
agency seeking custody, (7) the stability of the home or proposed placement,
(8) the acts or omissions of the parent that may indicate that the existing parent-
child relationship is not a proper one, and (9) any excuse for the acts or omissions
of the parent. Id. Additionally, evidence that proves one or more statutory grounds
for termination may also constitute evidence illustrating that termination is in the
child’s best interest. C.J.O., 325 S.W.3d at 266.
In this case, the trial court found that the father had committed three of the
acts listed in Section 161.001(1): those found in subsections (E), (O), and (P).
Specifically, the trial court found that the father had engaged in conduct or
knowingly placed the children with persons who engaged in conduct that
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endangered the children’s physical or emotional well-being; that the father had
failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically established
the actions necessary for him to obtain the return of the children, who had been in
the managing conservatorship of the Department of Family and Protective Services
for not less than nine months as a result of the children’s removal from the parents
for abuse or neglect; and that the father (a) used a controlled substance in a manner
that endangered the children and (b) either failed to complete a substance abuse
treatment program or continued to abuse a controlled substance after completing a
substance abuse treatment program. The trial court also found, pursuant to Section
161.001(2), that termination of the father’s parental rights would be in the best
interest of the children.
The evidence at the final hearing showed that the children—twin boys—
were removed from the parents in July 2013 shortly after the children were born.
A Department investigator, Jeremy Henard, testified that he went to the hospital
after receiving an intake based upon the mother and one of the children testing
positive for amphetamine at delivery. Henard subsequently determined that the
meconium of both children tested positive for amphetamine and
methamphetamine. At the hospital, Henard conducted a presumptive drug test on
the parents; both were positive for methamphetamine. The father told Henard that
he had used methamphetamine that day. He also admitted that he was a steady user
and that he used methamphetamine four to five times a week. The father told
Henard that he was unaware of the mother’s use of methamphetamine. However,
the nurses reported that both parents had been leaving the room for long periods of
time without going to see the children, “just assumingly going out to smoke but
were gone for extended periods of time.” While Henard was talking to the nurses,
the parents left the hospital without checking the mother out of the hospital.
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After removal, the father was ordered by the trial court to complete various
tasks, including those listed in the father’s family service plan. The conservator-
ship caseworker, Christy Light, testified that the father completed some of the
requirements of the service plan but not all of them. The father tested positive for
drugs while the termination case was pending. He was also arrested during the
case and was incarcerated at the time of the final hearing. He failed to complete
the first drug treatment program that he attempted, but he did later complete a
different drug treatment program. The father’s visits with the children were
somewhat sporadic, and he did not obtain safe and appropriate housing, did not
obtain employment, did not refrain from illegal activity, did not complete
individual counseling, and did not complete “Your Baby and You” classes.
At the time of trial, the father was incarcerated and was participating in the
SAFP program. The father had been convicted of possession with intent to deliver
and received a fifteen-year sentence in 2003. When the children were born, the
father was on parole. He violated a condition of his parole while this termination
case was pending, and he was arrested. The father testified that his parole was not
revoked but, rather, was modified.
The father did not want his parental rights to be terminated. He admitted
that he could not care for the children at the time of the final hearing because he
was incarcerated, but he said that he was due to be released in about four months
and would then either go to a halfway house or a “1B program.” The father hoped
that the children could be placed with his cousin or remain with the current foster
placement until the father was able to care for them. The father also stated that he
is “clear headed” now and that he is not going to use drugs again.
The children lived with the same foster parents from the day they were
released from the hospital to the date of the final hearing. The children were
bonded with those foster parents, who provided a safe, appropriate, and stable
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home for the children. According to the guardian ad litem, the foster parents want
the children to continue to have a relationship with their father—“as long as he’s
clean”—even if his rights are terminated and the foster parents are permitted to
adopt the children. The guardian ad litem believed that termination of the father’s
rights would be in the best interest of the children. The Department’s
conservatorship caseworker also believed that it would be in the children’s best
interest to terminate the father’s parental rights. Light testified that the safety risk
had not been eliminated or reduced and that sobriety was still a concern. She
thought that adoption would provide a safe, stable, drug-free environment for the
children.
We hold that there was clear and convincing evidence from which the trial
court could reasonably have formed a firm belief that the father failed to comply
with the provisions of a court order that specifically established the actions
necessary for him to obtain the return of the children. See FAM. § 161.001(1)(O).
Section 161.001(1)(O) does not “make a provision for excuses” for a parent’s
failure to comply with the court-ordered services. In re J.S., 291 S.W.3d 60, 67
(Tex. App.—Eastland 2009, no pet.) (quoting In re T.N.F., 205 S.W.3d 625, 631
(Tex. App.—Waco 2006, pet. denied)) (internal quotation marks omitted).
Although the father did comply with some portions of the trial court’s order, the
evidence, as detailed above, was undisputed that the father failed to comply with
all of the provisions of the service plan as ordered by the trial court. Thus, there
was clear and convincing evidence that the father failed to comply with the
provisions of a court order that specifically established the actions necessary for
him to obtain the return of the children.
Furthermore, the record shows that, at the time of the final hearing, the
children had been in the Department’s care for over a year and that the children had
been removed from the parents’ care due to abuse or neglect. The supreme court
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has held that the language “abuse or neglect of the child” as used in subsection (O)
“necessarily includes the risks or threats of the environment in which the child is
placed.” In re E.C.R., 402 S.W.3d 239, 248 (Tex. 2013). In E.C.R., the court
determined that “placing the child’s physical health or safety at substantial risk” is
sufficient to support a finding of “abuse or neglect.” Id. at 240. Evidence that the
children and both parents tested positive for controlled substances—
methamphetamine and amphetamine—at the time the children were born
constituted sufficient evidence from which the trial court could have determined by
clear and convincing evidence that the children had been removed because of a
substantial risk of abuse or neglect.
Because a finding that a parent committed one of the acts listed in
Section 161.001(1)(A)–(T) is all that is required under that statute, we need not
address the father’s remaining arguments regarding the sufficiency of the evidence
to support the trial court’s other findings under Section 161.001(1). See TEX. R.
APP. P. 47.1. The father’s first issue is overruled.
We also hold that, based on the evidence presented at trial and the Holley
factors, the trial court could reasonably have formed a firm belief or conviction
that termination of the father’s parental rights would be in the best interest of the
children. See Holley, 544 S.W.2d at 371–72. We cannot hold that the findings as
to best interest are not supported by clear and convincing evidence.
Upon considering the record as it relates to the emotional and physical needs
of the children now and in the future, the emotional and physical danger to the
children now and in the future, the parental abilities of the father and the foster
parents, the plans for the children by the Department, the instability of the father’s
home, the stability of the children’s placement, acts and omissions indicating that
the parent-child relationship was not a proper one, the father’s criminal history, and
the father’s drug use, we hold that the evidence is sufficient to support the findings
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that termination of the father’s parental rights is in the best interest of the children.
See id. The father’s second issue is overruled.
We affirm the trial court’s order of termination.
JIM R. WRIGHT
CHIEF JUSTICE
March 12, 2015
Panel consists of: Wright, C.J.,
Willson, J., and Bailey, J.
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