COURT OF APPEALS
EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
EL PASO, TEXAS
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STANLEY DEON SPENCER, No. 08-12-00329-CR
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Appellant, Appeal from
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v. 195th District Court
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THE STATE OF TEXAS, of Dallas County, Texas
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Appellee. (TC # F-1250832-N)
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OPINION
In two points of error Stanley Deon Spencer challenges the sentence he received
following his trial and conviction for possession with intent to deliver cocaine. For the reasons
that follows, we affirm.
FACTUAL SUMMARY
Appellant was indicted for the second degree felony offense of possession with intent to
deliver more than one gram and less than four grams of cocaine, a violation of TEX.HEALTH &
SAFETY CODE ANN. §§ 481.112(a), (c)(West 2010). The indictment included one enhancement
paragraph based upon a prior felony conviction. Before trial, the State also filed notice of its
intent to use an additional prior felony conviction to further enhance the punishment range to 25
to 99 years or life imprisonment. See TEX.PENAL CODE ANN. § 12.42(d)(West Supp. 2013).
Additionally, the State filed notice of intent to seek a finding that the offense was committed in a
drug-free zone, increasing the minimum confinement by five years. See TEX.HEALTH & SAFETY
CODE ANN. § 481.134(c)(West Supp. 2013).
Appellant entered a plea of not guilty and a jury trial was held. The jury found him guilty
and also found that the offense was committed in a drug-free zone. During the punishment phase,
Appellant entered pleas of not true to the enhancement allegations. The jury found the
enhancement allegations true and assessed punishment at life confinement in the Texas
Department of Criminal Justice.
THE ARREST
Dallas Police Officers Chris Nilsen and Marshall Milligan were together on patrol around
9:00 p.m. on January 4, 2012, when they noticed Appellant riding a bicycle in the street without
a helmet or an illuminated headlight which, respectively, are violations of the Dallas City Code
and the Texas Traffic Code. When the Officers instructed him to stop, he turned, looked at them,
yelled “hey, hey, hey,” and stood up on the pedals and began pedaling more quickly. Officer
Milligan observed Appellant motion with his left hand. Officer Nilsen, who was driving, was
able to block Appellant with the patrol car, and Officer Milligan opened the passenger-side door
and knocked Appellant to the ground. Appellant refused to show the officers his hands and
made furtive gestures towards his waist. He and the officers struggled for approximately fifteen
seconds before the officers managed to handcuff him.
Officer Jeffery Grandy was in a separate patrol vehicle directly behind Nilsen and
Milligan when he saw Appellant throw a “small package or bag right onto the street.” Grandy
stopped and recovered a plastic baggie containing fifteen off-white “rocks” that appeared to be
crack cocaine. All tested positively for cocaine. During trial, the prosecution relied on the
testimony of the officers and on a map created by Dallas County Public Works to establish that
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the area where these events took place was within a drug-free zone. See TEX.HEALTH & SAFETY
CODE ANN. § 481.134(c).
ENHANCEMENTS AND PRIOR CONVICTIONS
During the punishment phase, the State introduced evidence of Appellant’s prior felony
convictions, including those alleged in the enhancement. Deputy Margaret Brown, a fingerprint
expert with the Dallas County Sheriff’s Department, testified that Appellant’s fingerprints
matched those of the individual convicted and fingerprinted in the certified judgments and
convictions in six earlier cases. Specifically, the evidence revealed that Appellant had been
convicted for unlawful possession of cocaine in 2010, and possession with intent to deliver
cocaine in 2003. In each of those cases, he was sentenced to five years in prison. In 1990,
Appellant was placed on deferred adjudication for unauthorized use of a vehicle, violated the
conditions of the deferment and was sentenced to a boot-camp program and ten years of
probation. His probation for that offense was revoked in 1991 and he was sentenced to six years
in prison. In 1992, he was convicted of burglarizing a vehicle and received a five-year sentence.
Appellant was also convicted in 2000 of two misdemeanors: possession of marijuana and family-
violence assault. That same year, he was arrested for selling cocaine and found to be in
possession of a handgun. This arrest resulted in his 2003 conviction for possession with intent to
deliver cocaine (which was used in the enhancement in the instant case), as well as another
separate felony conviction for unlawful possession of a firearm by a felon.
ANALYSIS
Appellant contends that his sentence is grossly disproportionate to the offense such that
the sentence is unconstitutional under the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution and
Article I, Section 13 of the Texas Constitution. A criminal sentence must be proportionate to the
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crime for which a defendant has been convicted. Solem v. Helm, 463 U.S. 277, 290, 103 S.Ct.
2001, 77 L.Ed.2d 627 (1983); Lackey v. State, 881 S.W.2d 418, 421 (Tex.App.--Dallas 1994, pet.
ref'd).1 See also Baldridge v. State, 77 S.W.3d 890, 893 (Tex.App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 2002,
pet. ref'd)(stating that Eighth Amendment has narrow proportionality principle); and Charcas v.
State, No. 08–07–00034–CR, 2009 WL 132142, at *2 (Tex.App.--El Paso Jan. 15, 2009, no
pet.)(not designated for publication)(same). For Appellant’s complaints to be preserved for
review, the record must demonstrate that he presented them to the trial court through a timely
motion or objection. TEX.R.APP.P. 33.1(a); Rhoades v. State, 934 S.W.2d 113, 120
(Tex.Crim.App. 1996) (noting that defendant waived any error because he presented his
argument for first time on appeal); Wynn v. State, 219 S.W.3d 54, 61 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st
Dist.] 2006, pet. ref’d)(holding a failure to raise cruel and unusual punishment objection to life
imprisonment sentence at trial court level waived the argument on appeal); and Cotton v. State,
Nos. 05-12-01724-CR, 05-12-01731-CR, 05-12-01732-CR, 2014 WL 428699, at *2-3
(Tex.App.--Dallas, Feb. 3, 2014, no pet.)(mem. op., not designated for publication)(holding same
as to waiver where appellant raised disproportionality issue under both the U.S. and Texas
Constitutions).
1
The Texas Supreme Court transferred this appeal from the Fifth Court of Appeals to this court pursuant
to a docket equalization order. We will decide the case in accordance with the precedent of the transferor
court. See TEX.R.APP.P. 41.3. The Fifth Court follows the federal Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in
holding that disproportionality under the Eighth Amendment survives the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in
Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957, 965, 111 S.Ct. 2680, 115 L.Ed.2d 836 (1991), wherein Justice
Scalia wrote, in a plurality opinion: “Solem was simply wrong; the Eighth Amendment contains no
proportionality guarantee.” Lackey, 881 S.W.2d at 42 (discussing and agreeing with McGruder v.
Puckett, 954 F.2d 313, 316 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 506 U.S. 849, 113 S.Ct. 146, 121 L.Ed.2d 98 (1992).
In interpreting Harmelin, the Fifth Circuit concluded: “By applying a head-count analysis, we find that
seven members of the Court supported a continued Eighth Amendment guaranty against disproportional
sentences. . . . Thus, this much is clear: disproportionality survives [although] Solem does not.”
McGruder, 954 F.2d at 316.
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Following the trial court’s pronouncement of sentencing, Appellant lodged no objection
regarding proportionality, the Eighth Amendment, or Article I, Section 13. Likewise, he did not
assert them in his motion for new trial. Under these circumstances, we conclude he has not
preserved these issues for our review.
Moreover, as a general rule, punishment that is assessed within the statutory range for an
offense is not excessive or unconstitutionally cruel or unusual and complies with the objectives
of the Penal Code. Jackson v. State, 680 S.W.2d 809, 814 (Tex.Crim.App. 1984); Harris v.
State, 656 S.W.2d 481, 486 (Tex.Crim.App. 1983); and Cotton, 2014 WL 428699, at *2-3.
Appellant was convicted of possession with intent to deliver one gram or more but less than four
grams of cocaine, a second-degree felony offense, which was enhanced by two previous felony
convictions, making the applicable punishment range 25 years to 99 years or life. See
TEX.HEALTH & SAFETY CODE ANN. §§ 481.112(a), (c); and TEX.PENAL CODE ANN. § 12.42(d).
The life sentence assessed in this case was thus within the applicable statutory range of
punishment. A punishment falling within the limits prescribed by a valid statute is not per se
excessive, cruel, or unusual. Jackson, 680 S.W.2d at 814; Trevino v. State, 174 S.W.3d 925, 928
(Tex.App.--Corpus Christi 2005, pet. ref'd). Accordingly, we cannot conclude the trial court
abused its discretion. See id. We overrule Issues One and Two and affirm the judgment of the
trial court.
August 6, 2014
ANN CRAWFORD McCLURE, Chief Justice
Before McClure, C.J., Rivera, and Rodriguez, JJ.
(Do Not Publish)
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