In The
Court of Appeals
Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont
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NO. 09-13-00022-CV
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IN THE ESTATE OF ARTHUR HILTON HILL
_________________________________ ______________________
On Appeal from the County Court
Jefferson County, Texas
Trial Cause No. 95719
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MEMORANDUM OPINION
Arthur Hilton Hill (“Arthur”) died intestate in 2007. Janelle Hill (“Janelle”)
was Arthur’s wife. The trial court appointed Farrin Hill (“Farrin”), Arthur’s
daughter, as the dependent administrator of Arthur’s estate. Farrin filed an
application for the sale of real property belonging to the estate, and the trial court
ordered the property sold at a private sale. Janelle filed a motion for
reconsideration, which the trial court denied. In two appellate issues, Janelle
contends that the trial court erred by ordering the property to be sold and by
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denying her motion for reconsideration. We dismiss the appeal for want of
jurisdiction.
On appeal, Janelle contends that the property was Arthur’s homestead, the
sale of a homestead is void, she is entitled to a life estate in the property, and she
did not abandon the homestead. Farrin responds that this Court lacks jurisdiction
over Janelle’s appeal.
The Texas Supreme Court has articulated a test for determining whether a
probate order is final and appealable:
If there is an express statute . . . declaring the phase of the probate
proceedings to be final and appealable, that statute controls.
Otherwise, if there is a proceeding of which the order in question may
logically be considered a part, but one or more pleadings also part of
that proceeding raise issues or parties not disposed of, then the probate
order is interlocutory.
Crowson v. Wakeham, 897 S.W.2d 779, 783 (Tex. 1995). The legislature has
created a comprehensive statutory scheme that governs estate administration
proceedings to sell estate property and orders authorizing such sales. In re Estate of
Bendtsen, 229 S.W.3d 845, 848 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2007, no pet.); see Tex. Prob.
Code Ann. §§ 331-358 (West 2003 & Supp. 2012); see also Okumu v. Wells Fargo
Bank, N.A., No. 2-09-384-CV, 2010 Tex. App. LEXIS 147, at **7-8 (Tex. App.—
Fort Worth Jan. 7, 2010, no pet.) (mem. op.). After the filing of a report of sale, the
trial court must inquire into the manner of the sale, hear evidence for or against the
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report, and determine the sufficiency or insufficiency of the representative’s
general bond, if any. See Tex. Prob. Code Ann. § 355 (West 2003). If the trial
court determines that the sale was fair, proper, and in conformity with the law and
has approved any increased or additional bond deemed necessary to protect the
estate, the trial court shall confirm the sale and authorize the conveyance of the
property upon the purchaser’s compliance with the terms of the sale. Id. Otherwise,
the trial court shall set the sale aside and order a new sale. Id. The trial court’s
confirmation or disapproval of a report shall have the force and effect of a final
judgment; and any person interested in the estate or in the sale shall have the right
to have such decrees reviewed as in other final judgments in probate proceedings.
Id.
On January 31, 2013, this Court inquired of the parties why this appeal
should not be dismissed as premature pursuant to section 355. In response, Janelle
relied on Majeski v. Estate of Majeski, 163 S.W.3d 102 (Tex. App.—Austin 2005,
no pet.), in which the Third Court of Appeals held that an order giving the estate
administrator authority to sell estate property and finding that a portion of the
property was the deceased’s husband’s homestead was final and appealable. Id. at
105-06. Accordingly, we authorized the parties to brief the issue on appeal. Janelle
does not discuss the issue of jurisdiction in her appellate brief.
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In Majeski, the Third Court of Appeals stated:
[W]e may consider an appeal from an order that, while not a final
disposition of a probate matter consisting of a continuing series of
events, “adjudicate[s] conclusively a controverted question or
substantial right.”. . . If no express statute declares a phase of a
probate proceeding to be final and appealable, we must consider
whether the order is part of a proceeding that left unresolved issues or
whether the order “concluded a discrete phase” of the proceedings.
Id. (quoting Logan v. McDaniel, 21 S.W.3d 683, 688 (Tex. App.—Austin 2000,
pet. denied)). The Court explained that (1) the only dispute at that stage of the
proceeding was the property’s homestead status, (2) issues regarding other assets
were separate from the homestead issue, and (3) the trial court’s order made a final
resolution of the homestead issue as to the entire tract of land. Id. at 106. For these
reasons, the Court determined that the trial court’s order concluded a discrete phase
of the probate proceedings; thus, it was final and appealable. Id.
Majeski, however, did not address section 355. See id. at 105-06. Section
355 expressly defines finality for purposes of appeal. See Tex. Prob. Code Ann. §
355; see also Bendtsen, 229 S.W.3d at 848. Thus, there is an express statute
declaring the phase of the probate proceedings to be final and appealable and
section 355 controls. See Crowson, 897 S.W.2d at 783. In this case, the record does
not indicate that a report of sale has been filed or that the trial court has had an
opportunity to confirm or set aside the sale. See Tex. Prob. Code Ann. § 355; see
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also Bendtsen, 229 S.W.3d at 848. Because there has been no confirmation or
disapproval of a report of sale in this case, the trial court’s order is not final under
section 355. See Rawlins v. Weaver, 317 S.W.3d 512, 514 (Tex. App.—Dallas
2010, no pet.); see also Okumu, 2010 Tex. App. LEXIS 147, **7-8; Bendtsen, 229
S.W.3d at 848; see also Tex. Prob. Code Ann. § 355. Accordingly, we dismiss
Janelle’s appeal for want of jurisdiction.
APPEAL DISMISSED.
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STEVE McKEITHEN
Chief Justice
Submitted on October 28, 2013
Opinion Delivered November 14, 2013
Before McKeithen, C.J., Kreger and Horton, JJ.
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