AFFIRMED; Opinion Filed March 20, 2014.
S In The
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
No. 05-12-00836-CV
JOHN REEDER, Appellant
V.
BILLIE BREWER CURRY, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS SUCCESSOR TO W.C.
BREWER, DECEASED, AND TRINITY MATERIALS, INC., Appellees
On Appeal from the 86th District Court
Kaufman County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 66-738-86
OPINION
Before Justices FitzGerald, Francis, and Myers
Opinion by Justice Myers
On the Court’s own motion, we withdraw the opinion and vacate the judgment of
December 31, 2013. The following is now the opinion of this Court.
John Reeder appeals the summary judgment that he take nothing on his claims against
Billie Brewer Curry, individually and as successor to W.C. Brewer, Deceased, and Trinity
Materials, Inc. Reeder brings six issues asserting the trial court erred by granting appellees’
motion for summary judgment and by failing to grant a continuance of the summary judgment
hearing. We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
BACKGROUND
In 1995, Reeder and Curry executed a contract for deed 1 in which Curry and her father
purported to sell Reeder 608.48 acres. 2 Reeder agreed to make monthly payments to Curry for
fifteen years. In 2001, Curry borrowed money from American National Bank and assigned the
contract for deed to the bank. The bank instructed Reeder to make the monthly payments to it.
In 2004, the IRS issued levy notices against Curry and instructed Reeder to pay the IRS any
amounts he owed to Curry. According to Reeder, the confusion over whether he owed the
monthly payment to the bank or to the IRS caused him to miss at least one payment. Curry
declared Reeder in default under the contract for deed, declared the property forfeited, and stated
she was keeping all the payments to that point as liquidated damages pursuant to the contract.
Curry then sold the property to Trinity Materials and paid her debt to the bank. Reeder tried to
send payments to the bank and Curry, but they both returned the payments stating they no longer
had any interest in the property.
Reeder brought suit against Curry and Trinity for several causes of action, including
specific performance and damages for breach of the contract for deed, trespass, fraud, tortious
interference with contract, and for injunctive relief. Curry and Trinity moved for summary
judgment on Reeder’s claims, which the trial court granted. Reeder appealed, and this Court
reversed the summary judgment, concluding “a genuine issue of material fact exists on whether
Reeder’s failure to make the payments for September and October was reasonable in light of the
circumstances.” Reeder, 294 S.W.3d at 858. We remanded the case to the trial court for further
proceedings. Id. at 862.
1
Curry and Reeder also executed an earnest money real estate contract for the property, but they never closed on that contract. None of the
parties’ arguments concern that contract.
2
The background facts are set out in greater detail in this Court’s opinion from the first appeal of this case, Reeder v. Curry, 291 S.W.3d
851, 853–55 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, pet. denied).
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Back in the trial court, Curry and Trinity moved for summary judgment on Reeder’s
claims on the ground that the property description in the contract for deed was insufficient under
the statute of frauds and no contract formed between Reeder and Curry. Reeder filed a motion to
continue the summary judgment hearing while he conducted discovery and determined whether
to bring an action to reform the contract to provide a sufficient description of the property. The
trial court denied Reeder’s motion for continuance and granted Curry and Trinity’s motion for
summary judgment, rendering judgment that Reeder take nothing on his claims.
MOTION FOR CONTINUANCE
In his sixth issue, Reeder contends the trial court erred by denying his motion for
continuance of the summary judgment hearing. We review a trial court’s decision to grant or
deny a party additional time for discovery before a summary judgment hearing for an abuse of
discretion. Cooper v. Circle Ten Council Boy Scouts of Am., 254 S.W.3d 689, 696 (Tex. App.—
Dallas 2008, no pet.). A trial court abuses its discretion when it acts without reference to any
guiding rules or principles. Downer v. Aquamarine Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238, 241–42
(Tex. 1985). In considering whether the trial court abused its discretion, we consider such
factors as the length of time the case had been on file before the hearing, the materiality of the
discovery sought, whether the party seeking the continuance exercised due diligence in obtaining
the discovery, and what the party expected to prove. Cooper, 254 S.W.3d at 696.
In the motion, Reeder stated he needed to take the deposition of a surveyor, Greg Sjerven.
Sjerven stated in his affidavit that he could not do a survey of the property based on the property
description in the contract for deed, yet Reeder stated Sjerven did a survey of the land in 2006.
Reeder also stated he needed to take Curry’s deposition because she stated in an affidavit that
when she signed the contract for deed, she did not know what land she conveyed. Reeder also
stated that further discovery was necessary to determine if the contract for deed was supposed to
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be for all the property Curry owned in those surveys, because if it was, then the property
description was adequate. Reeder also stated that Curry used the same property description in
the affidavit of forfeiture of the property. Reeder also stated in the motion that he wanted time to
bring an action for reformation of the contract before the trial court heard the motion for
summary judgment.
In this case, Reeder filed suit on November 30, 2004 and moved for continuance of the
summary judgment hearing and modification of the scheduling order on March 26, 2012, over
seven years later. More than one and one-half years had passed between this Court’s mandate
remanding the case for further proceedings and the motion for continuance. Trinity had raised
the defense of the statute of frauds in its first amended answer filed in July 2005. In January
2011, over a year before the summary judgment motion, Trinity and Curry filed special
exceptions to Reeder’s fourth amended petition complaining that the property description in the
petition, which was the same as the description in the deed, “utterly fails to identify the property
as required by Texas R. Civ. P. 783.” The trial court granted the special exception, giving
Reeder fourteen days to replead using a metes-and-bounds description, but Reeder’s subsequent
amended petitions referred only to the contract for deed and did not provide a metes-and-bounds
description.
The record also shows Reeder deposed Curry on February 3, 2012 and Sjerven on April
5, 2012. Although Curry’s deposition occurred before appellees filed their motion for summary
judgment asserting the inadequacy of the property description, Sjerven’s deposition was after the
filing of the motion for summary judgment and one week before the April 12 summary judgment
hearing. Reeder does not explain why Sjerven’s April 5, 2012 deposition did not provide Reeder
the information he needed.
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Reeder did not explain in his motion for continuance why the property description would
be sufficient if it was for all the property Curry owned in each survey. Nor did he cite any
authority in support of this assertion. In his brief on appeal, Reeder states additional discovery
was necessary to determine whether Curry owned any other property in the county other than the
acres in the property description, and he stated that this information “would be relevant to
determining the sufficiency of the property description and as a result for responding to the
motion for summary judgment.” Reeder does not explain why whether Reeder owned additional
property was relevant to the sufficiency of the property description, and he cited no authority in
support of this assertion. The rules of appellate procedure require that a party present argument
and cite authority in support of the contentions made in the brief. TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i).
Because Reeder cited no authority and presented no argument beyond the conclusion that the
information was relevant, we conclude Reeder has not properly briefed this assertion.
Reeder also asserts that if a contract for real property does not sufficiently describe the
property, the plaintiff can request an opportunity to plead for reformation of the contract.
However, Reeder did not request leave to amend his petition to allege a cause of action for
reformation of the contract.
Relying on Morrow v. Shotwell, 477 S.W.2d 538 (Tex. 1972), Reeder argues that the trial
court abused its discretion by denying a continuance of the summary judgment hearing until
Reeder could conduct additional discovery and then decide whether to allege and prosecute an
action for reformation of the contract. In Morrow, Morrow, a purchaser of real property sued
Shotwell, the seller, for specific performance of a contract to sell two tracts of land. Id. at 539.
The court of civil appeals concluded the property description in the contract was insufficient for
one of the tracts and rendered judgment for the seller as to that tract. See Shotwell v. Morrow,
461 S.W.2d 527, 527 (Tex. Civ. App.—Eastland 1970), rev’d, 477 S.W.2d 538 (Tex. 1972). The
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supreme court agreed with the court of civil appeals that the property description was inadequate
because the contract provided “no means or data by which the tract may be identified.” Morrow,
477 S.W.2d at 539–40. The supreme court stated that the insufficient property description would
ordinarily lead to an affirmance of the lower court. The supreme court then stated,
There is in the record strong evidence that the parties intended to describe a
particular and identified tract of 12.375 acres in their contract, and that they were
mutually mistaken in the belief that the description used was legally sufficient for
that purpose. If that be a fact, Morrow would have been able entitled to
reformation of the contract had he sought it. It thus appears that Morrow may
have tried his case on a wrong theory.
Id. at 541 (citations omitted). The court stated it had authority under the rules of procedure to
remand a case instead of affirming or rendering when it appeared to the court “that the justice of
the case demands another trial.” Id. (quoting TEX. R. CIV. P. 505 (repealed 1986; current rule at
TEX. R. APP. P. 60.3)). The court then observed that it had often remanded instead of rendering
judgment “when a case was tried on the wrong theory and it appeared to us that the justice of the
case demanded another trial.” Id. The court stated that the rules of procedure and the court’s
precedents provided it with “an independent discretion to order a remand in the interest of justice
after appellate reversal of a trial court judgment.” Id. at 542. The court then reversed the
judgments of the lower courts and “remanded to the trial court so that Morrow may, if he wishes,
amend his pleadings and try his case on a different theory.” Id.
Morrow concerned the discretion of the supreme court to remand a case in the interest of
justice. It did not concern a trial court’s discretion to deny a motion for continuance. Nothing in
the decision indicates the supreme court would have concluded that a trial court’s denial of a
motion for continuance in that situation would have been an abuse of discretion. The court in
Morrow did not even conclude that the court of civil appeals had abused its discretion by
rendering a take-nothing judgment instead of remanding to the trial court under its own authority
to remand in the interest of justice. See id. (stating that both the court of civil appeals and
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supreme court have discretion to remand in the interest of justice). Morrow did not purport to
create a requirement that a trial court must grant a motion for continuance in this situation.
In this case, it is clear that Reeder had not yet filed a suit for reformation when he filed
his motion for continuance. This was over sixteen years after he signed the contract for deed
with its defective property description, over five years since Trinity alleged the statute of frauds,
and over a year since Trinity and Curry specially excepted to the property description as failing
to identify the property. The trial court could have concluded that the length of these substantive
and procedural delays weighed against granting the continuance. In light of this evidence,
including the length of time the case had been on file and the length of time the trial court could
have believed Reeder should have been aware of the inadequacy of the property description, we
conclude Reeder has not shown the trial court abused its discretion by denying the motion for
continuance of the summary judgment hearing. We overrule Reeder’s sixth issue.
SUMMARY JUDGMENT
Reeder’s remaining issues contend the trial court erred by granting appellees’ motion for
summary judgment. The standard for reviewing a traditional summary judgment is well
established. See Nixon v. Mr. Prop. Mgmt. Co., 690 S.W.2d 546, 548–49 (Tex. 1985); McAfee,
Inc. v. Agilysys, Inc., 316 S.W.3d 820, 825 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.). The movant has
the burden of showing that no genuine issue of material fact exists and that it is entitled to
judgment as a matter of law. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c). In deciding whether a disputed material
fact issue exists precluding summary judgment, evidence favorable to the nonmovant will be
taken as true. Nixon, 690 S.W.2d at 549; Yost v. Jered Custom Homes, 399 S.W.3d 653, 659
(Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, no pet.); In re Estate of Berry, 280 S.W.3d 478, 480 (Tex. App.—
Dallas 2009, no pet.). Every reasonable inference must be indulged in favor of the nonmovant
and any doubts resolved in its favor. City of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 824 (Tex. 2005).
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We review a summary judgment de novo to determine whether a party’s right to prevail is
established as a matter of law. Dickey v. Club Corp., 12 S.W.3d 172, 175 (Tex. App.—Dallas
2000, pet. denied).
The nonmovant must present summary judgment proof when necessary to show a fact
issue. City of Hous. v. Clear Creek Basin Auth., 589 S.W.2d 671, 678 (Tex. 1979). The
nonmovant must expressly present to the trial court in a written answer or response to the motion
those issues that would defeat the movant’s right to summary judgment and failing to do so, may
not assign them on appeal as error. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c) (“Issues not expressly presented to
the trial court by written motion, answer or other response shall not be considered on appeal as
grounds for reversal.”); City of Hous., 589 S.W.2d at 678.
ADEQUACY OF THE PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
In his first issue, Reeder contends the trial court erred by granting appellees’ motion for
summary judgment because the property description in the contract for deed sufficiently
identified the property.
To comply with the statute of frauds, a property conveyance “must be in writing and must
be subscribed and delivered by the conveyor or by the conveyor’s agent authorized in writing.”
TEX. PROP. CODE ANN. § 5.021 (West 2004). Additionally,
[t]o be valid, a conveyance of real property must contain a sufficient description
of the property to be conveyed. A property description is sufficient if the writing
furnishes within itself, or by reference to some other existing writing, the means
or data by which the particular land to be conveyed may be identified with
reasonable certainty.
AIC Mgmt. v. Crews, 246 S.W.3d 640, 645 (Tex. 2008). A “conveyance of property . . . which
fails to describe a definite tract of land is void.” Id. The writing does not have to list metes and
bounds to be enforceable, but it must provide the necessary information to identify the property
with reasonable certainty. May v. Buck, 375 S.W.3d 568, 574 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, no pet.).
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An unidentifiable portion of a larger, identifiable tract is not sufficient to satisfy the statute of
frauds. Id. at 574–75. “The legal description in the conveyance must not only furnish enough
information to locate the general area as in identifying it by tract survey and county, it need
contain information regarding the size, shape, and boundaries.” Id. at 575 (quoting Reiland v.
Patrick Thomas Props., Inc., 213 S.W.3d 431, 437 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006, pet.
denied)). “Even when ‘the record leaves little doubt that the parties knew and understood what
property was intended to be conveyed, . . . the knowledge and intent of the parties will not give
validity to the contract and neither will a plat made from extrinsic evidence.’” Reiland, 213
S.W.3d at 437 (quoting Morrow v. Shotwell, 477 S.W.2d 538, 540 (Tex. 1972)).
The contract for deed described the property to be sold as follows:
28.71 acres in the W. A. Carter Survey Abstract 95
226.92 acres in the J.M. Carter Survey Abstract 95
203.75 acres in the J. Beck Survey Abstract A-37
149.1 acres in the M. J. Love Survey Abstract 295
The property description gave no metes and bounds or other description of the property to be
conveyed from each survey, and it did not “contain information regarding the . . . shape and
boundaries.”
Appellees relied on Sjerven’s testimony in support of their summary judgment ground
that the property description was inadequate. Sjerven testified in his affidavit that “there is no
W.A. Carter Survey Abstract No. 95 in Kaufman County, Texas.” He also testified that each of
the other surveys contained more acreage than was included in the contract for deed, and that
that there was no way to determine from the contract for deed which part of each survey was
included in the transaction or whether there was only one parcel or many. He stated, “Without
more information than is provided in the contract for deed, it would be impossible for me to
survey or to specifically identify the land that the contract for deed is intended to cover.”
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Reeder argues the property description is adequate because Curry used a nearly identical
property description in the affidavit of forfeiture declaring Reeder had forfeited the property for
breaching the contract for deed. 3 However, the fact that Curry may have used the same or
similar property description in another document is no evidence of whether the property may be
identified with reasonable certitude.
Reeder also argues the property description was adequate because “Sjerven prepared a
survey of the Property for the benefit of John Reeder on February 24, 2006.” In support of this
statement, Reeder cites what he states is a copy of the survey, but nothing on the survey shows it
is based on the property description in the contract for deed. The only property on the survey
attributed to Reeder is three tracts in the “J. Carter Sur. A-95,” two for 64.673 acres and one for
43.830 acres, which total 173.176 acres, far less than the 226.92 acres listed on the property
description for the “J.M. Carter Survey Abstract 95.” The copy of Sjerven’s survey in the
appellate record does not appear to show any other tracts owned by Reeder. The acreage listed
in Sjerven’s survey for each of the different abstracts greatly exceeds the acreage listed in the
contract for deed’s property description. Sjerven’s survey does not show the property listed in
the property description may be identified with reasonable certainty.
We conclude as a matter of law that the property description in the contract for deed is
inadequate because it does not provide “the means or data by which the particular land to be
conveyed may be identified with reasonable certainty.” AIC Mgmt., 246 S.W.3d at 645. We
overrule Reeder’s first issue.
3
In the affidavit of forfeiture of contract for deed, Curry changed the third listing to “the J. Black Survey Abstract A-37” instead of the “J.
Beck Survey Abstract A-37.”
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PERFORMANCE AS EXCEPTION TO STATUTE OF FRAUDS
In his second issue, Reeder contends that even if the property description is inadequate,
the statute of frauds does not apply because there was partial performance of the contract. To
establish partial performance of a contract for the sale of real estate as an exception to the statute
of frauds, the plaintiff must prove it (1) paid consideration, (2) took possession of the land, and
(3) made permanent and valuable improvements to the land with the defendant’s consent or, if no
improvements were made, that other factors would make the transaction fraudulent if it were not
enforced. Boyert v. Tauber, 834 S.W.2d 60, 63 (Tex. 1992) (elements to take oral contract for
transfer of real estate out of statute of frauds).
In his response to the motion for summary judgment, Reeder stated “that today he has
fully performed 100% of the financial obligation by paying the $650,000.00 according to the
terms of the contract either to Mrs. Curry and/or to the registry of the court.” However, Reeder
did not state in his response that he made any improvements to the land, he did not identify in the
response what “permanent and valuable improvements” he made to the land, nor did he identify
any “other factors” that “would make the transaction fraudulent if it were not enforced. We
conclude Reeder’s response to the motion for summary judgment did not expressly present the
performance exception to the statute of frauds. See City of Hous., 589 S.W.2d at 678.
Accordingly, it “shall not be considered on appeal as a ground for reversal.” TEX. R. CIV. P.
166a(c).
Reeder also argues that the statute of frauds is not enforced when to do so would amount
to a virtual fraud by causing a substantial detriment to one party and an unearned benefit to the
other party. See, e.g., Exxon Corp. v. Breezevale, Ltd., 82 S.W.3d 429, 439 (Tex. App.—Dallas
2002, pet. denied); Carmack v. Beltway Dev. Co., 701 S.W.2d 37, 40 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1985,
no writ). However, Reeder did not present this argument in his response to the motion for
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summary judgment. Accordingly, we may not reverse on that ground. See TEX. R. APP. P.
166a(c); City of Hous., 589 S.W.2d at 678. We overrule Reeder’s second issue.
ESTOPPEL
In his third issue, Reeder contends appellees are estopped from asserting the insufficiency
of the property description under the doctrines of quasi-estoppel, judicial estoppel, and estoppel
by contract. Reeder’s response to the motion for summary judgment did not mention or present
these legal doctrines. Reeder argues the estoppel doctrines were presented in the response
because he stated in the response, “The Plaintiff [Reeder] incorporates by reference John
Reeder’s response in opposition to the motions for summary judgment filed by the Defendant,
Trinity Materials, Inc., Volume[s] 1 through 4 the same as if they are fully set forth.”
This four-volume document was Reeder’s 128-page response filed in April 2006 with
over seven hundred pages of attachments. That response concerned appellees’ motion for
summary judgment asserting Curry was entitled as a matter of law to enforce the forfeiture
provision of the contract for deed; that Reeder, as a matter of law, was barred by limitations and
laches from enforcing the earnest money contract; and other issues. See Reeder, 294 S.W.3d at
855–862. The statute of frauds and the sufficiency of the property description were not raised in
that summary judgment proceeding. See id. The trial court was not required to sift through
Reeder’s lengthy 2006 response to find arguments that might apply to defeat appellees’ current
motion for summary judgment. We conclude Reeder’s estoppel arguments were not “expressly
presented to the trial court” as required by rule 166a(c). See McConnell v. Southside Indep. Sch.
Dist., 858 S.W.2d 337, 342–43 (Tex. 1993) (grounds for summary judgment or issues defeating
summary judgment must be presented in the motion or response itself and not in a separate
document). We overrule Reeder’s third issue.
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LAW OF THE CASE
In his fifth issue, Reeder asserts the law of the case doctrine “preclude[s] yet another
summary judgment concerning whether there was sufficient evidence of breach of contract.”
Reeder argues that this Court’s 2009 opinion is “law of the case” that there was a fact issue about
whether Curry breached the contract for deed by declaring the property forfeited. Reeder did not
raise or discuss the doctrine of law of the case in his response to the motion for summary
judgment. Because he did not expressly present law of the case in his response to the motion for
summary judgment, it “shall not be considered on appeal as grounds for reversal.” TEX. R. CIV.
P. 166a(c); see West v. Northstar Fin. Corp., No. 02-08-00447-CV, 2010 WL 851415, *10 (Tex.
App.—Fort Worth Mar. 11, 2010, pet. denied) (mem. op.). We overrule Reeder’s fifth issue.
CONCLUSION
We conclude Reeder has not shown the trial court erred by granting appellees’ traditional
motion for summary judgment asserting the contract for deed was void and unenforceable due to
the inadequate property description. Accordingly, we need not address Reeder’s fourth issue
contending the trial court erred by granting appellees’ no-evidence motion for summary
judgment concerning mutuality of obligation, damages, performance under the contract for deed,
and breach by Curry. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1 (opinion must address every issue necessary to
final disposition of the appeal).
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
/Lana Myers/
120836F.P05 LANA MYERS
JUSTICE
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S
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
JUDGMENT
John Reeder, Appellant On Appeal from the 86th District Court,
Kaufman County, Texas
No. 05-12-00836-CV V. Trial Court Cause No. 66-738-86.
Opinion delivered by Justice Myers.
Billie Brewer Curry, Individually and as Justices FitzGerald and Francis participating.
Successor to W.C. Brewer, Deceased, and
Trinity Materials, Inc., Appellees
We VACATE this Court’s judgment of December 31, 2013. The following is now the
judgment of this Court.
In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRMED.
It is ORDERED that appellees Billie Brewer Curry, Individually and as Successor to
W.C. Brewer, Deceased, and Trinity Materials, Inc. recover their costs of this appeal from
appellant John Reeder.
Judgment entered this 20th day of March, 2014.
/Lana Myers/
LANA MYERS
JUSTICE
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