In The
Court of Appeals
Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
_________________________
No. 06-11-00254-CR
______________________________
GUADALUPE RAMIREZ, III, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 196th Judicial District Court
Hunt County, Texas
Trial Court No. 26905
Before Morriss, C.J., Carter and Moseley, JJ.
Memorandum Opinion by Justice Carter
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Guadalupe Ramirez, III, was convicted by a jury of aggravated assault by use of a deadly
weapon and was sentenced to fifteen years’ imprisonment. Ramirez argues that the evidence
was legally insufficient to support his conviction.1 We affirm the trial court’s judgment because
we find the evidence legally sufficient to establish that Ramirez committed aggravated assault by
use of a deadly weapon.2
In evaluating legal sufficiency, we review all of the evidence in the light most favorable
to the jury’s verdict to determine whether any rational jury could have found the essential
elements of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon beyond a reasonable doubt. Brooks v.
State, 323 S.W.3d 893, 912 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010) (citing Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307,
319 (1979)); Hartsfield v. State, 305 S.W.3d 859, 863 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2010, pet. ref’d).
Our rigorous legal sufficiency review focuses on the quality of the evidence presented. Brooks,
323 S.W.3d at 917–18 (Cochran, J., concurring). We examine legal sufficiency under the
direction of the Brooks opinion, while keeping in mind that the credibility of witnesses is the sole
province of the jury, and that we “must give deference to ‘the responsibility of the trier of fact to
1
In a separate point of error, Ramirez argues that the court erred in overruling his motion for directed verdict. In
reviewing the denial of a directed verdict, we look to the legal sufficiency of the evidence. Williams v. State, 356
S.W.3d 508, 522–23 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2011, pet. ref’d); Todd v. State, 242 S.W.3d 126, 136 (Tex. App.—
Texarkana 2007, pet. ref’d).
2
Ramirez also appeals from the following convictions entered on the same date: aggravated assault against a public
servant (cause number 06-11-00251-CR); aggravated assault of Virginia Green with a deadly weapon (cause number
06-11-00252-CR); aggravated assault of Joanna Brock with a deadly weapon (cause number 06-11-00253-CR); and
aggravated robbery with a deadly weapon (cause number 06-11-00255-CR). These cases were all consolidated for
trial. Ramirez has filed a single brief challenging the legal sufficiency of the evidence supporting each conviction.
The complete factual background giving rise to all of these convictions is the same, and is set forth in our opinion of
this date in cause number 06-11-00255-CR. Therefore, this opinion only discusses the facts necessary to decide this
opinion.
2
fairly resolve conflicts in testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable inferences
from basic facts to ultimate facts.’” Hooper v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007)
(quoting Jackson 443 U.S. at 318–19); see Ehrhardt v. State, 334 S.W.3d 849, 857 (Tex. App.—
Texarkana 2011, pet. ref’d).
Legal sufficiency of the evidence is measured by the elements of the offense as defined
by a hypothetically correct jury charge. Malik v. State, 953 S.W.2d 234, 240 (Tex. Crim. App.
1997). The hypothetically correct jury charge “sets out the law, is authorized by the indictment,
does not unnecessarily increase the State’s burden of proof or unnecessarily restrict the State’s
theories of liability, and adequately describes the particular offense for which the defendant was
tried.” Id.
The indictment in this case alleged that Ramirez, individually and acting together with
Darius Williams, intentionally or knowingly caused bodily injury to Darlene Moffitt Robinson
by striking her in the head while using or exhibiting a firearm. Ramirez individually committed
the offense of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon if (1) he (2) intentionally or knowingly3
(3) caused bodily injury to Robinson (4) while using or exhibiting a deadly weapon. TEX. PENAL
CODE ANN. §§ 22.01(a)(1), 22.02(a)(2) (West 2011). A “deadly weapon” is “anything that in the
manner of its use or intended use is capable of causing death or serious bodily injury.” TEX.
PENAL CODE ANN. § 1.07(a)(17)(B) (West Supp. 2012).
“A person is criminally responsible as a party to an offense if the offense is committed by
his own conduct, by the conduct of another for which he is criminally responsible, or by both.”
3
The indictment did not allege that the assault was caused recklessly.
3
TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 7.01(a) (West 2011). “A person is criminally responsible for an
offense committed by the conduct of another if[,] . . . acting with intent to promote or assist the
commission of the offense, he solicits, encourages, directs, aids, or attempts to aid the other
person to commit the offense.” TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 7.02(a)(2) (West 2011). Thus,
Ramirez committed aggravated assault with a deadly weapon as a party if he acted with intent to
promote or assist Williams in the commission of the offense by encouraging, aiding, or
attempting to aid him in the aggravated assault of Robinson with a firearm.
The evidence was sufficient to convict Ramirez if he was physically present at the
commission of the offense and encouraged its commission by words or other agreement.
Hartsfield, 305 S.W.3d at 864 (citing Ransom v. State, 920 S.W.2d 288, 302 (Tex. Crim. App.
1994) (op. on reh’g)). In determining whether the accused participated as a party, the fact-finder
may “look to the events occurring before, during and after the commission of the offense, and
may rely on actions of the defendant which show an understanding and common design to the
prohibited act.” Ransom v. State, 920 S.W.2d 288, 302 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994) (op. on reh’g)
(quoting Cordova v. State, 698 S.W.2d 107, 111 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985)); see King v. State, 29
S.W.3d 556, 564 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000); Hartsfield, 305 S.W.3d at 864.
In our opinion in cause number 06-11-00255-CR, we explained that the evidence was
sufficient for the jury to find that Ramirez was one of three men who robbed Bonnie Lou’s
Game Room, and that all three robbers, Ramirez, Williams, and Vincent Thomas, were acting
together. Mistakenly, Ramirez argues, “Robinson did not testify in the Appellant’s trial and no
one testified that she was injured.”
4
At trial, Robinson testified that two African-American perpetrators and one Caucasian
perpetrator had entered the game room. She complied when she was ordered to get down on the
floor. She testified,
The guy up front . . . kept hollering, everybody get up here. And my sister and I
raised our heads up to look at him to see if we were supposed to move from where
we were. And as we raised our heads up, they came up from behind, came up
from behind us on the aisle and hit me on the head and hit her on the head [with a
gun].
Robinson was scared and knew “[t]here was a possibility we could get killed.” She had “a big
old knot” on her head. At trial, it was suggested that Thomas was the principal and mastermind
of the crime, and descriptions of his attire suggest that he was the man who Robinson described
as “[t]he guy up front” who “kept hollering.” Because another perpetrator came up behind
Robinson and hit her, that person was either Ramirez or Williams.
At a minimum, the evidence was sufficient for the jury to have found that Ramirez
intentionally or knowingly encouraged, aided, or attempted to aid Williams in causing bodily
injury to Robinson while a deadly weapon was used or exhibited. Accordingly, we find the
evidence sufficient to support Ramirez’ conviction. This point of error is overruled.
5
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Jack Carter
Justice
Date Submitted: November 7, 2012
Date Decided: November 27, 2012
Do Not Publish
6
Guadalupe Ramirez, III v. State
Combined Opinion