IN THE
TENTH COURT OF APPEALS
No. 10-10-00075-CR
No. 10-10-00076-CR
No. 10-10-00077-CR
No. 10-10-00078-CR
No. 10-10-00079-CR
No. 10-10-00080-CR
RICHARD ROBERTS,
Appellant
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS,
Appellee
From the 77th District Court
Freestone County, Texas
Trial Court No. 08-171-CR, Trial Court No. 08-172-CR,
Trial Court No. 08-00173-CR, Trial Court No. 08-00174-CR,
Trial Court No. 08-00175-CR and Trial Court No. 08-176-CR
MEMORANDUM OPINION
A jury found Richard Roberts guilty and assessed his punishment as follows: (1)
appellate cause number 10-10-00075-CR (trial court cause number 08-171-CR) –
aggravated sexual assault of a child, life imprisonment and a $500 fine; (2) appellate
cause number 10-10-00076-CR (trial court cause number 08-172-CR) – aggravated sexual
assault of a child, life imprisonment and a $500 fine; (3) appellate cause number 10-10-
00077-CR (trial court cause number 08-173-CR) – indecency with a child, twenty years’
imprisonment and a $500 fine; (4) appellate cause number 10-10-00078-CR (trial court
cause number 08-174-CR) – indecency with a child, twenty years’ imprisonment and a
$500 fine; (5) appellate cause number 10-10-00079-CR (trial court cause number 08-175-
CR) – aggravated sexual assault of a child, life imprisonment and a $500 fine; and (6)
appellate cause number 10-10-00080-CR (trial court cause number 08-176-CR) –
aggravated sexual assault of a child, life imprisonment and a $500 fine. The trial court
ordered Roberts’s sentences in cause numbers 10-10-00075-CR, 10-10-00076-CR, 10-10-
00077-CR, 10-10-00078-CR, and 10-10-00079-CR to run concurrently and his sentence in
cause number 10-10-00080-CR to run consecutively and begin only when the judgment
and sentence in cause number 10-10-00079-CR has ceased to operate. Roberts appeals
his convictions. Because he asserts identical issues among the six appeals, we will
decide them together.
Sufficiency of the Evidence
In his first issues in cause numbers 10-10-00075-CR, 10-10-00076-CR, and 10-10-
00080-CR, Roberts argues that the evidence is legally insufficient to support his
convictions because “the State failed to prove an essential element of their claim—
penetration.”
When reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence to establish the
elements of a penal offense, we must determine whether, after viewing all the evidence
Roberts v. State Page 2
in the light most favorable to the verdict, any rational trier of fact could have found the
essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. See Jackson v. Virginia, 443
U.S. 307, 318-19, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 2789, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979). Our duty is to determine if
the finding of the trier of fact is rational by viewing all of the evidence admitted at trial
in the light most favorable to the verdict. Adelman v. State, 828 S.W.2d 418, 422 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1992). In doing so, any inconsistencies in the evidence are resolved in favor
of the verdict. Curry v. State, 30 S.W.3d 394, 406 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000).
10-10-00075-CR
Contrary to Roberts’s contention in his brief, to obtain a conviction for
aggravated sexual assault based on the allegations in the indictment in cause number
10-10-00075-CR, the State was required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that
Roberts intentionally or knowingly caused his mouth to contact the sexual organ of C.K.,
a child under the age of fourteen. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.021(a)(1)(B)(iii), (2)(B)
(Vernon Supp. 2010). The indictment did not allege penetration, nor did the charge’s
application paragraph. C.K. testified that when she was six years old, she and her
mother lived with her mom’s best friend Heather and Heather’s two daughters, as well
as Heather’s mother Rhonda and Rhonda’s husband Roberts. When asked what she
calls “the place where you pee-pee from,” C.K. stated that she calls it her “tu-tu.” C.K.
testified that while in the shed on Roberts’s property, he “put his tongue on my tu-tu.”
C.K. stated that no one else has ever done this to her and she was not told to make these
things up.
Roberts v. State Page 3
A child victim’s testimony alone is sufficient to support a conviction for
aggravated sexual assault. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 38.07(a) (Vernon 2005); Tear
v. State, 74 S.W.3d 555, 560 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2002, pet. ref’d). Viewing all the
evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, we conclude that the evidence is
sufficient to support Roberts’s conviction in cause number 10-10-00075-CR.
10-10-00076-CR
To obtain a conviction for aggravated sexual assault based on the allegations in
the indictment in cause number 10-10-00076-CR, the State was required to prove
beyond a reasonable doubt that Roberts intentionally or knowingly caused the
penetration of the sexual organ of T.B., a child under the age of fourteen, by his finger.
See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.021(a)(1)(B)(i), (2)(B). The State may prove penetration
by circumstantial evidence. Villalon v. State, 791 S.W.2d 130, 133 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990);
Murphy v. State, 4 S.W.3d 926, 929 (Tex. App.—Waco 1999, pet. ref’d). The victim need
not testify as to penetration. Villalon, 791 S.W.2d at 133; Murphy, 4 S.W.3d at 929.
Evidence of the slightest penetration is sufficient to uphold a conviction, so long as it
has been shown beyond a reasonable doubt. Luna v. State, 515 S.W.2d 271, 273 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1974); Murphy, 4 S.W.3d at 929. In Vernon v. State, the Court of Criminal
Appeals determined what constitutes a “penetration” for purposes of aggravated sexual
assault, stating:
Thus, in common parlance, mere contact with the outside of an object does
not amount to penetration of it. But pushing aside and reaching beneath a
natural fold of skin into an area of the body not usually exposed to view,
even in nakedness, is a significant intrusion beyond mere external contact.
Consequently, it is not ungrammatical to describe Appellant’s touching of
Roberts v. State Page 4
complainant in this case as a penetration, so long as contact with the
injured part of her anatomy could reasonably be regarded by ordinary
English speakers as more intrusive than contact with her outer vaginal
lips.
841 S.W.2d 407, 409 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992); see Murphy, 4 S.W.3d at 929.
T.B. testified that when she was seven years old, C.K. was a friend who lived on
the same street that she did and whom she would visit at her house. When asked what
she calls “the place on your body where you pee-pee from,” T.B. testified that she calls
it her “pee-pee.” One night when she spent the night at Roberts’s house, Roberts
touched her pee-pee with his hand both on top of and underneath her clothes. When
asked what he did with his hand underneath her clothes, she replied that he rubbed her
pee-pee. When further questioned whether she remembered if his hand went inside her
pee-pee, she replied that she did not remember.
Dr. Ann Sims, the medical director for the Advocacy Center for Crime Victims
and Children in Waco, also testified; she had examined both T.B. and C.K. Dr. Sims
stated that when she asked T.B. why she had come to the Advocacy Center, T.B. hid her
head in her legs and said that Roberts had done something to her and C.K. Dr. Sims
stated that T.B. told her
[h]e had touched their private area with his weaner [sic] and his fingers.
She went on to say that it didn’t go inside her private area, but it hurt, and
did not cause her to bleed. She said that he also pulled her pants down
and put his weaner [sic] on her bottom or her butt.
When later asked why T.B. would feel some type of pain in her vaginal area, Dr. Sims
stated that the “most likely thing to cause pain is touching that hymen” and that, for
something to touch the hymen, it would have to penetrate the outer and inner lips of
Roberts v. State Page 5
the female sexual organ to get to the hymen. Dr. Sims testified that the results of T.B.’s
physical exam were normal, which she expected, because, unless a child is seen within
the first twenty-four hours or unless the child has a history of bleeding, the chance of
the child having anything but a normal exam is less than ten percent.
Roberts argues that the evidence is legally insufficient to support his conviction
because T.B. never stated that his actions even reached the point of “slight penetration.”
However, T.B. did not need to directly testify as to the penetration for the State to prove
the element. See Villalon, 791 S.W.2d at 133. In this case, Dr. Sims’s testimony that T.B.
told her that Roberts touched her private area with his fingers and that it hurt, in
addition to Dr. Sims’s testimony that T.B.’s pain was most likely caused by the touching
of the hymen, which would require the penetration of the outer and inner lips of the
female sexual organ, is sufficient to embrace the essential element of penetration. See
Mosley v. State, 141 S.W.3d 816, 823 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2004, pet. ref’d) (holding
other evidence sufficient to establish penetration even though victim testified that
defendant only touched her on outside of her clothes and that it only hurt on outside of
her “booty”). Viewing all the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, we
conclude that the evidence is sufficient to support Roberts’s conviction in cause number
10-10-00076-CR.
10-10-00080-CR
Lastly, contrary to Roberts’s contention in his brief, to obtain a conviction for
aggravated sexual assault based on the allegations in the indictment in cause number
10-10-00080-CR, the State was required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that
Roberts v. State Page 6
Roberts intentionally or knowingly caused the sexual organ of T.B., a child under the
age of fourteen, to contact his sexual organ. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §
22.021(a)(1)(B)(iii), (2)(B). The indictment did not allege penetration, nor did the
charge’s application paragraph. T.B. stated that while at Roberts’s house, Roberts’s pee-
pee touched her pee-pee. T.B. testified that she was not told to make these things up.
Again, a child victim’s testimony alone is sufficient to support a conviction for
aggravated sexual assault. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 38.07(a); Tear, 74 S.W.3d at
560. Viewing all the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, we conclude
that the evidence is sufficient to support Roberts’s conviction in cause number 10-10-
00080-CR.
Notice of Intent to Consolidate
In his identical second issues in cause numbers 10-10-00075-CR, 10-10-00076-CR,
and 10-10-00080-CR and identical first issues in cause numbers 10-10-00077-CR, 10-10-
00078-CR, and 10-10-00079-CR, Roberts argues that the trial court erred in joining the
six indictments for a single trial. Specifically, Roberts contends that the State violated
section 3.02(b) of the Penal Code by failing to give the trial court and the defendant
written notice of its intent to prosecute multiple indictments in a single criminal action
not less than thirty days before trial. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 3.02(b) (Vernon 2003);
Fernandez v. State, 814 S.W.2d 417, 419-20 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1991), aff’d,
832 S.W.2d 600 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992). However, after Roberts filed his brief in each of
these appeals, a supplemental clerk’s record was filed in each cause containing the
State’s written notice of intent to prosecute the six indictments in a single trial. The
Roberts v. State Page 7
notice was filed more than thirty days before trial. Thus, we overrule Roberts’s second
issue in cause numbers 10-10-00075-CR, 10-10-00076-CR, and 10-10-00080-CR and his
first issue in cause numbers 10-10-00077-CR, 10-10-00078-CR, and 10-10-00079-CR.
Having overruled all Roberts’s issues in all six appeals, we affirm the trial court’s
judgment in each appeal.
REX D. DAVIS
Justice
Before Chief Justice Gray,
Justice Davis, and
Justice Scoggins
Affirmed
Opinion delivered and filed May 4, 2011
Do not publish
[CRPM]
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