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In The
Court of Appeals
Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
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No. 06-10-00104-CV
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IN RE: DAVID ALAN SHEPHERD
Original Mandamus Proceeding
Before Morriss, C.J., Carter and Moseley, JJ.
Memorandum Opinion by Justice Moseley
MEMORANDUM OPINION
David Alan Shepherd has filed a petition for writ of mandamus in which he asks this Court to order the judge of the 188th Judicial District Court of Gregg County to supply him with a copy of documents in connection with his appeal from a judgment against him in his lawsuit against Office Depot and the United Parcel Service (UPS). Specifically, Shepherd asks us to order the trial judge to supply him with a transcription of a hearing held on June 28, 2010, with findings of fact and conclusions of law on the dismissal of his case, and with a filed copy of his answer to UPS’s “motion for dismissal and joinder of motion for dismissal pursuant to C.P.R.C. 14.003.”
We grant the extraordinary relief of mandamus only when the trial court has clearly abused its discretion or violated a duty imposed by law, and the relator lacks an adequate appellate remedy. In re Team Rocket, L.P., 256 S.W.3d 257 (Tex. 2008) (orig. proceeding).
It is the responsibility of the relator to submit with the petition seeking the extraordinary relief an appendix containing a sworn copy of any order complained of, or any other document showing the matter complained of. Tex. R. App. P. 52.1, 52.3(k)(1)(A). The petition must be accompanied by a certified or sworn copy of every document material to the relator’s claim for relief and that was filed in any underlying proceeding. Tex. R. App. P. 52.7(a)(1). A mandamus action requires certainty as to both pleadings and facts. Johnson v. Hughes, 663 S.W.2d 11, 12 (Tex. App.––Houston [1st Dist.] 1983, orig. proceeding). If relator’s right to mandamus rests on doubtful or disputed facts, mandamus will not issue. West v. Solito, 563 S.W.2d 240, 245 (Tex. 1978) (orig. proceeding); In re Motor Car Classics LLC, No. 06-10-00051-CV, 2008 WL 2784437 (Tex. App.––Texarkana July 15, 2010, orig. proceeding) (mem. op.).
In this proceeding, we have nothing provided other than unsworn statements by Shepherd outlining alleged failures by the trial court to comply with requests, with no underpinning of documentation whatsoever to show that requests for a record were made, that an appeal is pending at all in any court, or that Shepherd is entitled to a free record if such an appeal exists. We have examined the posted records of this Court and of the Twelfth Court of Appeals in Tyler, and note that no appeal is pending involving this individual in either court.
Shepherd has not shown himself entitled to the relief sought.
We deny the petition.
Bailey C. Moseley
Justice
Date Submitted: October 13, 2010
Date Decided: October 14, 2010
ffer any controverting expert testimony concerning the means and manner of the injury. Duren's counsel demonstrated there was some degree of controversy in the medical community concerning whether and to what extent the mens rea element can be ascertained solely from circumstantial evidence concerning the nature and extent of the injury under the circumstances of Damon's injuries, by asking the State's expert witnesses about contrary research or articles. Duren argues that his trial counsel should have offered the reports or studies about which he asked the experts into evidence, either directly or through expert witnesses.
Duren's trial counsel did present evidence of an alternative manner and means by directly presenting an alternative theory through Duren's testimony and in attempting, on cross-examination, to elicit a concession from the State's expert witnesses that the injuries could have been caused by a trivial fall, being tossed in the air, or resuscitative shaking. Duren's trial counsel also engaged the services of Dr. Robert Goldberg to review the medical evidence and presumably develop an alternative version of events, provided him with the medical evidence, and consulted with him personally. Duren's trial counsel's failure to call Dr. Goldberg as a witness may have been due to Dr. Goldberg's findings being similar to the State's experts' findings and, thus, not helpful to the defense. There may also have been sound trial strategy for not offering into evidence the particular articles mentioned. They may not have been admissible. See Tex. R. Evid. 803(18). The source of the articles or the procedure used in the study may have been susceptible to credibility attacks. The injuries examined in the articles may have been distinguishable from Damon's injuries.
Duren contends he received ineffective assistance of counsel because his trial counsel asserted a prejudicial insanity defense when there was no evidence to support this defense. Duren recognizes that the testimony of Dr. Mary Weatherby, a local psychologist, amounted to the conclusion that Duren was not aware of the reasonable certainty of death associated with his conduct, but contends that raising an insanity defense when the evidence is not sufficient to establish an insanity defense served only to distract the jury, at best, and make them angry, at worst.
Duren's only viable defense was to attempt to show he did not have the requisite mental state when he inflicted the fatal trauma on Damon. However, except when a defendant's sanity is at issue, expert testimony regarding a defendant's state of mind at the time of the offense is inadmissible during the guilt/innocence phase of trial. See Osby v. State, 939 S.W.2d 787, 790 (Tex. App.-Fort Worth 1997, pet. ref'd). Because of the nature of the case, waiting to present the mitigating state of mind evidence at punishment would be futile because if the jury found Duren guilty of murder, the punishment was automatic, but if they found him guilty of a lesser-included offense, then there would be no need for the mitigating evidence to show he had a lower mental state than required for murder. By asserting an insanity defense, Duren's trial counsel was also able to introduce the mitigating evidence and produce a psychological basis for the jury to find that Duren did not have the requisite mens rea for capital murder.
Duren's trial counsel spent a considerable amount of time consulting with his client and with Dr. Weatherby. The record reflects Duren's trial counsel also spent a considerable amount of time researching the insanity issue. Counsel's assertion of the insanity defense reflects an effort to provide the jury with otherwise inadmissible evidence to negate the mens rea element and prevent Duren's conviction.
Duren contends he received ineffective assistance of counsel because his trial counsel failed to object when the State cross-examined him about a prior extraneous event involving a fight with his girlfriend. Although counsel does not have a duty to object to admissible evidence, under the same reasoning discussed above, this extraneous-act evidence was inadmissible. Duren's trial counsel demonstrated he knew extraneous-act evidence was objectionable when he objected just moments later to the Wal-Mart incident. His failure to object to the slapping incident may be explained as reasonable trial strategy to not draw the jury's attention to the testimony. Duren's trial counsel may have already known about the slapping incident and determined the evidence that he slapped his girlfriend after she had slapped him would not particularly harm him and would indicate his girlfriend's tendency to resort to violence when she was angry, rebutting the possible inference that Duren had inflicted Damon's old bruises. Duren's trial counsel may have objected to the other extraneous offense because he did not know what had happened in that incident.
Even if his trial counsel's failure to object to the extraneous-offense testimony was not reasonably professional or fell below the standard of prevailing norms, we do not find that there is a reasonable probability that but for such errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. Based on the other evidence from which the jury could have inferred that Duren knowingly inflicted Damon's injuries, absent the weak inferences that could have arisen from the slapping incident, the result would likely have been the same.
Duren contends that his trial counsel's failure to object to the State's misstatement of the law, during opening statements, regarding what the State must prove to find that Duren knowingly inflicted Damon's injuries also constituted ineffective assistance of counsel. Duren contends that during opening statements, the State said it need only prove Duren was aware that his conduct could result in death, not that he must be aware his conduct was reasonably certain to result in death. Duren does not cite to the record, and we do not find that the State misstated the law during opening arguments. In discussing the relevant mens rea requirement, the State told the jury that the State was providing a shorthand version of "knowingly" and that the trial court would instruct them as to the legal definition. Such comments were not objectionable; therefore, Duren's trial counsel did not err in failing to object.
The alleged errors of trial counsel do not fall below the prevailing standard of competence or did not harm Duren to the extent that there is a reasonable probability that without such errors the result would have been different. This point is overruled.
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Ben Z. Grant
Justice
Date Submitted: July 16, 2002
Date Decided: August 14, 2002
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