In The
Court of Appeals
Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
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No. 06-09-00215-CR
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CAROL MARIE PASELK, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the County Court at Law
Hopkins County, Texas
Trial Court No. CR0926724
Before Morriss, C.J., Carter and Moseley, JJ.
Memorandum Opinion by Justice Carter
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Carol Marie Paselk appeals from her conviction by a jury for cruelty to Lacy, a female bay
horse.1 She was sentenced to 275 days’ confinement in the Hopkins County Jail and a fine of
$250.00. Paselk has filed a single brief, in which she raises issues common to all of her appeals.
She argues that the trial court committed reversible error in admitting unreasonably seized
evidence, her counsel was ineffective, and suggests that the evidence was legally and factually
insufficient to support her conviction.
We will review the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence supporting Paselk’s
conviction under well-established standards. In conducting a legal sufficiency review, we
consider the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict to determine whether any rational
jury could have found the essential elements of cruelty to a female horse beyond a reasonable
doubt. Sanders v. State, 119 S.W.3d 818, 820 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003). We defer to the jury’s
responsibility ―to fairly resolve conflicts in testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw
reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts.‖ Hooper v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2007) (citing Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 318–19 (1979)). We are not required
to determine whether we believe that the evidence at trial established guilt beyond a reasonable
doubt; rather, when faced with conflicting evidence, we presume that the jury resolved any such
conflict in favor of the prosecution, and we defer to that resolution. State v. Turro, 867 S.W.2d
43, 47 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993).
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Fifty-eight horses were seized from Paselk’s property.
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In conducting a factual sufficiency review, we consider the evidence in a neutral light.
Watson v. State, 204 S.W.3d 404, 414–15 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006). The verdict will be set aside
only if (1) it is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and
manifestly unjust, or (2) it is against the great weight and preponderance of the evidence. Id. at
415 (citing Johnson v. State, 23 S.W.3d 1, 11 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000)). Both legal and factual
sufficiency are measured by the elements of the offense as defined by a hypothetically correct jury
charge. Malik v. State, 953 S.W.2d 234, 240 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997); see also Grotti v. State, 273
S.W.3d 273, 280 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008).
Under a hypothetically correct charge in this case, the jury was required to find, beyond a
reasonable doubt, that Paselk intentionally or knowingly failed to provide necessary food, water,
or care for the female horse while it was in her custody. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 42.09 (Vernon
Supp. 2009).
The entirety of facts relating to this case are recited within our opinion in cause number
06-09-00214-CR. With respect to Lacy, testimony at trial showed that the twenty-year-old mare
bay horse was located in a small enclosed area. Record exhibits clearly depicted the chronic stage
of her starvation. Lacy’s ―feet were in terrible condition. She couldn’t walk. She had what is
called founder where—laminitis where the inside bone of the hooves are in a condition where she
is in a great deal of pain to walk. She can’t walk because of not being cared for properly.‖ It was
undisputed that Lacy was in Paselk’s care. Veterinarian Clifton Bradshaw confirmed that Lacy
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was emaciated, had no fat covering, and was infected with intestinal parasites. Lack of dental
care created ―lacerations to the cheek and to the tongue and . . . [made] eating painful.‖ After
conducting laboratory work on blood samples, Bradshaw ruled out the possibility of ―underlying
health problems creating the poor body condition.‖
We conclude that a rational jury could find beyond a reasonable doubt that Paselk
intentionally or knowingly failed to provide necessary food, water, medical, and/or dental care for
Lacy while she was in Paselk’s custody. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 42.09.
Paselk testified on her own behalf and surmised that Lacy became sick due to toxic dairy
runoff from a neighboring property. Because Paselk could not obtain employment, and could not
sell the property due to environmental issues, she was placed in the difficult situation of having to
take care of Lacy without income. Paselk admitted that she could not feed her horses ―optimally,‖
but justified her actions by telling the jury she received rescue aid and attempted to organize
fundraisers. Paselk claimed that her stalls flooded with water and that because she did not want
her horses to stand in water or mud, she allowed manure to build up in the stalls to reduce the water
flow. Even considering this evidence in a neutral light, we cannot say that the jury’s verdict was
clearly wrong, manifestly unjust, or against the great weight and preponderance of the evidence.
We addressed the remaining issues in detail in our opinion of this date on Paselk’s appeal
in cause number 06-09-00214-CR. For the reasons stated therein, we likewise conclude that error
has not been shown in this case.
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We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Jack Carter
Justice
Date Submitted: August 4, 2010
Date Decided: August 5, 2010
Do Not Publish
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