COURT OF APPEALS
SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS
FORT WORTH
NO. 02-13-00096-CV
JASON E. HADDOCK APPELLANT
V.
TEXAS WORKFORCE APPELLEES
COMMISSION AND
ADECCO USA, INC.
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FROM COUNTY COURT AT LAW NO. 1 OF TARRANT COUNTY
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MEMORANDUM OPINION1
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I. Introduction
In two issues, Appellant Jason E. Haddock appeals pro se the trial court’s
summary judgment for Appellees Texas Workforce Commission (TWC) and
Adecco USA, Inc. We affirm.
1
See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
II. Background
On February 27, 2010, TWC qualified Haddock for $329 per week in
unemployment compensation. To retain these benefits, Haddock provided a bi-
weekly report to TWC that stated, among other things, whether he earned money
during the two week period, whether he was able to work, and whether he turned
down any job offers. In July 2010, Haddock turned down a placement, and TWC
subsequently notified him that he had been disqualified from receiving further
unemployment benefits because he had refused a suitable job offer. After
TWC’s appeals tribunal upheld the disqualification, Haddock sought judicial
review.2 The trial court granted TWC and Adecco’s joint motion for summary
judgment and affirmed TWC’s administrative decision. This appeal followed.
III. Summary Judgment
In his first issue, Haddock argues that the trial court erred by granting a
traditional summary judgment because the appellees failed to conclusively prove
their entitlement to judgment as a matter of law. He further argues that TWC
violated the provisions of the Texas Unemployment Compensation Act ―by not
following either the letter of the law or the spirit of the law, and in fact, making its
own law.‖
2
Haddock states in his appellate brief that he subsequently found work
similar to his previous job at $15.00 per hour and that he is only seeking to
receive payment for the twenty-seven weeks of denied benefits while he was
unemployed.
2
A. Standard of Review
In a summary judgment case, the issue on appeal is whether the movant
met the summary judgment burden by establishing that no genuine issue of
material fact exists and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c); Mann Frankfort Stein & Lipp Advisors, Inc. v. Fielding,
289 S.W.3d 844, 848 (Tex. 2009). We review a summary judgment de novo.
Travelers Ins. Co. v. Joachim, 315 S.W.3d 860, 862 (Tex. 2010).
Trial courts may grant summary judgments in cases tried under the
substantial evidence rule, and appeals under substantial evidence review are
uniquely suited to summary judgment because the only issue before the court is
a question of law. Blanchard v. Brazos Forest Prods., L.P., 353 S.W.3d 569, 573
(Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2011, pet. denied) (citing Arellano v. Tex. Emp’t Comm’n,
810 S.W.2d 767, 771 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1991, writ denied)); see also Tex.
Lab. Code Ann. § 212.202(a) (West 2006) (―Judicial review under this subchapter
is by trial de novo based on the substantial evidence rule.‖); Mercer v. Ross, 701
S.W.2d 830, 831 (Tex. 1986). We review the trial court’s judgment by comparing
the TWC decision with the evidence presented to the trial court and the
governing law. Blanchard, 353 S.W.3d at 573. And we determine whether the
summary judgment evidence established as a matter of law that substantial
evidence existed to support the TWC decision. Id.
In Blanchard, we explained the following:
3
Judicial review of a TWC determination is by ―trial de novo based on
the substantial evidence rule.‖ The trial court conducts an
evidentiary trial to ―determine whether the agency’s ruling is free of
the taint of any illegality and is reasonably supported by substantial
evidence.‖ In making this determination, the issue is not whether
TWC made the correct decision; it is instead ―whether the evidence
introduced before the trial court shows facts in existence at the time
of the [agency’s] decision that reasonably support the decision,‖ that
is, whether reasonable minds could have reached the same
conclusion. Because substantial evidence is more than a mere
scintilla of evidence but less than a preponderance of evidence, the
evidence may preponderate against the TWC decision but still
amount to substantial evidence. TWC remains the primary
factfinding body, and the reviewing court may not substitute its
judgment for TWC’s on controverted fact issues; the question before
the trial court is one of law.
Id. at 572 (citations omitted). The trial court here was required to determine
whether Adecco and TWC proved as a matter of law that substantial evidence
reasonably supported TWC’s decision to disqualify Haddock for unemployment
benefits—that is, whether reasonable minds could have reached the same
conclusion. See id. at 573–74.
B. Applicable Law
Under labor code section 207.047, an individual can be disqualified from
receiving unemployment benefits for failing, without good cause, to ―accept
suitable work offered to the individual.‖ Tex. Lab. Code Ann. § 207.047(a)(2)
(West 2006). TWC considers the following factors to determine whether work is
―suitable‖ for an individual: (1) the degree of risk involved to the individual’s
health, safety, and morals at the place of performance of the work; (2) the
individual’s physical fitness and previous training; (3) the individual’s experience
4
and previous earnings; (4) the individual’s length of unemployment and prospects
for securing local work in the individual’s occupation; and (5) the distance of the
work from the individual’s residence. Id. § 207.008(a)(1)–(5) (West 2006).
Additionally, the labor code states that work is not suitable and benefits may not
be denied if ―the wages, hours, or other conditions of the work offered are
substantially less favorable to the individual than those prevailing for similar work
in the locality.‖ Id. § 207.008(b)(2) (West 2006).
C. Summary Judgment Evidence
TWC and Adecco attached to their joint motion for summary judgment an
affidavit by Tracie Wankowicz and a copy of TWC’s ―Unemployment Benefits
Handbook.‖3 They also attached a certified copy of the administrative record,
which included a copy of the appeals tribunal’s final decision, including its
findings of fact and conclusions of law, and a copy of the TWC’s adoption of
these findings and conclusions.
In her affidavit, Wankowicz averred that Haddock had been making $13.80
an hour as a cell phone tester before he voluntarily left his job in January 2010;
that on July 16, 2010, she offered Haddock work as a cell phone tester, paying
3
Haddock argues that TWC’s ―Unemployment Benefits Handbook‖
submitted into evidence by TWC and Adecco should have been excluded
because it was a 2012 edition that included a different standard for reviewing
―suitable‖ work than the 2010 edition, which was the most up-to-date version
available at the time Haddock’s benefits were denied. We decline to address
Haddock’s evidentiary objection because TWC’s decision was not based on the
disputed ―25% rule,‖ and the record contains substantial evidence to support
TWC’s decision without considering the handbook.
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$10.25 an hour for the day shift and $10.75 an hour for the night shift; that the job
carried the same job responsibilities as Haddock’s previous job, was a ―contract-
to-hire‖ position with the possibility of permanent placement, and was located
approximately a quarter mile from Haddock’s previous job; that Haddock declined
both shift offers, telling Wankowicz that the pay was too low; and that Haddock
subsequently contacted her and said he would accept the position only if it paid
$12.00 an hour, and that she explained that no positions at that wage were
available.
Haddock filed his response to the motion four days before the summary
judgment hearing. To his response, Haddock attached what he asserted was
―some evidence that [he] submitted to TWC‖ during his hearings, including
advertisements for job openings in the area during his period of unemployment to
show that $10.50 was not the prevailing wage.4 He included a copy of the page
in the 2010 TWC handbook, which states:
What Happens If I Refuse a Job?
If you refuse to apply for or accept a suitable job, we will not be able
to pay you UI benefits. Some of the factors TWC considers in
determining whether work is suitable are:
Your experience, qualifications, and training
The working conditions and pay for similar work in your area
Any risks to your health, safety, or morals
4
Haddock’s evidence is not in the form of traditional summary judgment
evidence. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(f). Nonetheless, it does not appear that
TWC and Adecco ever objected in the trial court to the form of Haddock’s
summary judgment evidence or argued that considering his late-filed evidence
surprised or prejudiced them.
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The distance to work from your home and local commuting
patterns
The length of your unemployment.
He also included his letter requesting a motion for rehearing stating that when
Wankowicz called, ―[He] was surprised to hear from her because ADECCO had
contested [his] unemployment claim without success, and [they] were not on the
best of terms.‖ Haddock alleged that Adecco had tried to have his
unemployment benefits denied before. He said that although he could not prove
that Adecco was trying to end his unemployment benefits in another way by
calling to offer him ―a low paying job which they knew [he] probably wouldn’t
accept, . . . the $10.50 they offered was exactly 25 percent lower than
[Haddock’s] pay with them,‖ and he noted a TWC rule (of which he had no
notice) that allowed for the loss of benefits for refusing a position that paid
seventy-five percent of his previous wage.
When Haddock appealed TWC’s disqualification determination, the appeal
tribunal provided the following reasoning for its decision:
Here, since the work which was offered to the claimant on July 16,
2010 was similar to his previous work with this employer and was in
the same area, the work offered to him on that date was suitable. I
understand why the claimant declined the offer at that time, but
given the length of his prior unemployment and the fact that part of
the reason for doing this was concern regarding the hearing for his
claim for unemployment benefits, this is not considered good cause
. . . [and] claimant is subject to disqualification under [section
207.047].
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D. Analysis
Haddock argues that the trial court erred by granting summary judgment
because TWC did not present any evidence showing that a $10.50-per-hour
wage was the prevailing wage for similar work in the area. Tex. Lab. Code Ann.
§ 207.008(b)(2). However, whether $10.50 was the ―prevailing wage for similar
work‖ in the area was a question for the TWC, the primary fact-finding body, not
the trial court. See Blanchard, 353 S.W.3d at 572; Brinkmeyer, 662 S.W.2d at
956. Further, although Haddock presented TWC with a list of jobs in the area
paying more than $10.50 per hour, an agency ruling may not be set aside merely
because there was conflicting or disputed testimony. See Blanchard, 353
S.W.3d at 572. Here, the issue before the trial court was a question of law:
whether substantial evidence supported TWC’s decision to disqualify Haddock’s
benefits. See Tex. Lab. Code Ann. § 207.047(a)(2); Mercer, 701 S.W.2d at 831.
TWC and Adecco’s summary judgment evidence presents more than a
scintilla supporting TWC’s determination that Haddock violated section 207.047
by declining a suitable job offer without good cause. See Tex. Lab. Code Ann.
§ 207.047(a)(2). Haddock’s offer to accept the position at $12.00 per hour
demonstrates that he was not concerned about the job posing a risk to his health,
safety, or morals, nor was he concerned about the job’s difficulty or his over
qualification based on prior training and experience; rather, his sole concern was
the pay rate. See id. § 207.008(a)(1)–(3). Additionally, Haddock refused the job,
8
which was located a quarter of a mile from his previous job, in his eighteenth
week of unemployment. See id. § 207.008(a)(4)–(5).
Accordingly, TWC’s finding that Haddock was disqualified from receiving
unemployment compensation benefits is reasonably supported under the
substantial evidence rule. See Collingsworth Gen. Hosp. v. Hunnicut, 988
S.W.2d 706, 708 (Tex. 1998); City of Houston v. Tippy, 991 S.W.2d 330, 334
(Tex. App.—Houston [1st. Dist.] 1999, no pet.). Based on the record before us,
Haddock failed to demonstrate that TWC’s decision was unreasonable, arbitrary,
or capricious. See Mercer, 701 S.W.2d at 831; Tippy, 991 S.W.2d at 334; see
also McKinley Iron Works, Inc. v. Tex. Emp’t Comm’n, 917 S.W.2d 468, 470
(Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1996, no pet.) (stating that trial court need only
determine whether evidence heard by agency was incredible, perjured, or
unreasonable because that evidence is deemed not substantial). Therefore, we
overrule Haddock’s first issue, which is dispositive of this appeal.5
5
In his second issue, Haddock argues that the trial court admitted
inadmissible evidence, that his due process rights were violated by TWC altering
its internal benefit guidelines without giving him notice, and that the trial court
erred by granting a no-evidence summary judgment. However, TWC and
Adecco did not file a no-evidence summary judgment. And to the extent that
Haddock preserved his complaints in the trial court about TWC’s evidence and
his due process rights, we need not reach them based on our resolution above
because there is no indication that the appeal tribunal relied on the ―25% rule‖ in
making its decision, and TWC and Adecco demonstrated in the trial court that
substantial evidence supported its decision. See Tex. R. App. P. 47.1.
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IV. Conclusion
Having overruled Haddock’s dispositive issue, we affirm the trial court’s
judgment.
BOB MCCOY
JUSTICE
PANEL: LIVINGSTON, C.J.; MCCOY and GABRIEL, JJ.
DELIVERED: October 17, 2013
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Jason E. Haddock v. Texas Workforce Commission and Adecco USA Inc.
Combined Opinion