Opinion issued April 3, 2014
In The
Court of Appeals
For The
First District of Texas
————————————
NO. 12-00891-CR
———————————
PEYTON ASHLEY SIMPSON, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from Chambers County Court
Chambers County, Texas
Trial Court Case No. 28375
MEMORANDUM OPINION
A jury found Appellant guilty of the misdemeanor offense of driving while
intoxicated. 1 The trial court sentenced Appellant to 180 days in jail, suspended the
sentence, placed him on community supervision for 18 months, and assessed a
$1,200 fine.
1
See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 49.01 (Vernon 2011).
Appellant raises four issues on appeal. He asserts the trial court erred by
denying his motion to exclude a video recording, by failing to file findings of fact
and conclusions of law to support the basis for denying the motion, and by failing
to hold a hearing on his motion for new trial.
We affirm.
Background Summary
At 2 a.m. on June 18, 2011, Trooper T. Norsworthy of the Texas Department
of Public Safety was patrolling FM 565, a two lane road, in Chambers County. He
saw a truck, driven by Appellant, twice cross over the center line into the opposite
lane of traffic. Trooper Norsworthy activated his emergency lights to initiate a
traffic stop of Appellant’s truck. When he activated his emergency lights, the
dashboard video recording device in the trooper’s car was also activated. When he
got out of his patrol car, Trooper Norsworthy turned on the microphone that he
wore on his uniform, referred to as a body microphone.
As he approached Appellant’s truck, Trooper Norsworthy saw Appellant
attempting to light a cigarette. Appellant was fumbling as he tried to light it.
Trooper Norsworthy instructed Appellant not to light the cigarette. Trooper
Norsworthy noticed that Appellant smelled of alcohol and had blood-shot eyes.
The officer requested Appellants driver’s license and insurance. Trooper
2
Norsworthy asked Appellant to step out of his truck. Appellant stumbled, and
Trooper Norsworthy observed that Appellant’s reactions were delayed.
When Trooper Norsworthy asked Appellant from where he was coming,
Appellant replied that he been at his uncle’s house, but then he admitted that he
had been at a local bar. Trooper Norsworthy asked Appellant if he had been
drinking that night, and Appellant responded that he had. When the officer asked
Appellant how much he had to drink, Appellant answered, “Quite a bit.” Trooper
Norsworthy inquired how much was “quite a bit?” Appellant said that he had
drunk 10 to 12 beers that night.
Trooper Norsworthy then asked Appellant, on a scale of zero to ten, with
zero being not at all intoxicated, and ten being highly intoxicated, how intoxicated
he was. Appellant indicated six on the intoxication scale.
Trooper Norsworthy inquired whether Appellant would participate in field
sobriety tests. Appellant initially indicated that he would take the tests, but then he
indicated that he would not participate in the testing. At that point, Trooper
Norsworthy asked Appellant to turn around and place his hands behind his back.
Trooper Norsworthy then put handcuffs on Appellant, arresting Appellant for the
offense of driving while intoxicated.
The video camera in Trooper Norsworthy’s patrol car visually recorded the
stop and the officer’s interaction with Appellant. Trooper Norsworthy’s body
3
microphone recorded the conversation between Trooper Norsworthy and
Appellant, although some of Appellant’s responses to the officer at the scene
cannot be understood.
As he was placing the handcuffs on Appellant, Trooper Norsworthy’s
microphone stopped working. The last thing heard on the video is Trooper
Norsworthy instructing Appellant to turn around and to place his hands behind his
back. The dashboard camera, however, continued to record the scene visually as
Trooper Norsworthy walked Appellant back to the patrol car.
After he seated Appellant in the back of the patrol car, Trooper Norsworthy
searched Appellant’s truck. During the search, Trooper Norsworthy found an open
bottle of beer, which was half full of beer and still cold.
Trooper Norsworthy transported Appellant to the local police station.
During the transport, the officer turned the camera around facing the inside of the
cab of his patrol car. Trooper Norsworthy and Appellant conversed during the ride
but no audio was recorded of the conversation.
After they arrived at the police station, and while Appellant was still seated
in the patrol car, Trooper Norsworthy read the DIC-24 form to Appellant
containing the statutory warnings required before an officer may request a blood or
breath specimen. The last few minutes of the video shows Trooper Norsworthy
opening the back door of the patrol car, leaning over Appellant, and speaking to
4
Appellant. Trooper Norsworthy testified that this showed him reading the DIC-24
form to Appellant.
Appellant refused to sign the DIC-24 form. He also refused to give the
breath specimen requested by Trooper Norsworthy.
Appellant was charged by information with the misdemeanor offense of
driving while intoxicated. Before trial, Appellant filed motions to suppress and to
exclude the video that had been recorded by the camera mounted on the dashboard
of Trooper Norsworthy’s patrol car. At a pretrial hearing, the trial court
determined that the motions would be heard during trial, outside the presence of
the jury.
After trial commenced, the trial court conducted a suppression hearing
outside the presence of the jury. At the hearing, Appellant sought to have the
video excluded because there was no audio recorded on the video after the point at
which Trooper Norsworthy placed the handcuffs on Appellant. Appellant asserted
that Trooper Norsworthy purposefully turned off the microphone at that point.
Trooper Norsworthy testified at the hearing. With respect to this issue, the
officer testified that the battery for the microphone he wore was not fully charged
and had stopped working at the time he placed the handcuffs on Appellant.
Trooper Norsworthy also testified that the microphone in the cab of his
patrol car was not working on the date of the arrest. The officer explained that a
5
“cage” to hold prisoners in the backseat of his patrol had been installed that week.
During the installation, a wire to the microphone in the patrol car had been cut, and
it had not yet been fixed.
At the hearing, Appellant argued that admission of the video, with the
missing audio portions, violated Code of Criminal Procedure article 38.22, section
3(a)(3) because it was not an accurate recording of a custodial interrogation.2
Appellant alleged that Trooper Norsworthy had deliberately turned off his body
microphone. The trial court overruled Appellant’s motions to exclude and to
suppress the admission of the video.
Before the State admitted the video at trial, Appellant objected to its
admission on the ground that it was “not a fair and accurate recording of the
totality of the circumstances.” The trial court overruled the objection and the
video, in its entirety, was admitted into evidence. The State also offered into
evidence the DIC-24 form. The only witness to testify for the State was Trooper
Norsworthy. The defense presented no witnesses.
The jury found Appellant guilty of the offense of driving while intoxicated.
Appellant choose to have the trial court assess punishment. The trial court
sentenced Appellant to 180 days in jail, suspended the sentence, placed him on
community supervision for 18 months, and assessed a $1,200 fine.
2
See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 38.22, § 3(a) (Vernon Supp. 2013
2005).
6
Appellant filed a motion for new trial. As a basis for new trial, Appellant
asserted that he had “discovered material evidence favorable to Defendant as
defined by Tex. Code Proc. § 40.001.” To support his motion, Appellant attached
a federal magistrate’s report and recommendation from a drug-possession case
pending in United States District Court in Beaumont, Texas. The drug charges in
that case do not involve Appellant or the underlying facts of this case. Instead, the
charges in the federal case were brought against a person named Coleman, who
had been stopped by Trooper Norsworthy for driving too slowly on Interstate 10.
In the report, the federal magistrate recommended granting a motion to
suppress filed by Coleman. The recovery of the drugs in that case had resulted
from the traffic stop of Coleman’s vehicle by Trooper Norsworthy. Coleman
asserted that Trooper Norsworthy did not have reasonable suspicion to stop her,
and the magistrate agreed with Coleman in his recommendation to the federal
district court judge.
Trooper Norsworthy had testified at the suppression hearing. In his
recommendation, the magistrate questioned the credibility of Trooper Norsworthy
with respect to the officer’s testimony regarding how fast Coleman had been
driving. The magistrate’s report was signed three weeks after the trial in this case.
In his motion for new trial, Appellant asserted that he was entitled to a new
trial based on the magistrate’s report, which he characterized as “material evidence
7
favorable to [him].” He averred that the magistrate’s report “by a fellow court are
directly relevant to the credibility of the State’s sole witness in this case.”
Appellant claimed that, using the magistrate’s report, he could “effectively cross-
examine the State’s only witness and raise the issue of the Trooper’s credibility
based on the findings of a fellow court.”
Appellant also offered the affidavit of Coleman’s defense attorney. The
attorney stated that, based on his “dealings” with Trooper Norsworthy, it was his
opinion that Trooper Norsworthy was prone to fabricate or exaggerate facts in
criminal cases to make the case more favorable to the State. He opined that
Trooper Norsworthy was “not worthy of belief” and not credible. The attorney
stated that he would testify to that effect for Appellant in this case.
Appellant timely presented the motion for new trial to the trial court. The
court made a notation in the record stating, “No hearing set at the time. Waiting on
response from State.” No response is contained in the record. Appellant’s motion
for new trial was not set for hearing. As a result, the motion was overruled by
operation of law. This appeal followed.
Appellant presents four issues on appeal.
Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law
In his first issue, Appellant asserts that the trial court erred because it did not
file findings of fact and conclusions of law, which Appellant had requested. The
8
State agreed in its brief that the failure to file the findings of fact and conclusions
of law was error. See State v. Cullen, 195 S.W.3d 696, 700 (Tex. Crim. App.
2006) (stating that, at the request of losing party, trial court is required to enter
express findings of fact and conclusions of law).
We abated the appeal to allow the trial court to file findings of fact and
conclusions of law in support of its denial of Appellant’s motion to exclude the
video. After the supplemental clerk’s record was received by the Clerk of this
Court, which contains the findings of fact and conclusions of law, we reinstated the
appeal. 3
Among the trial court’s findings of fact were the following:
19. The audio portion of State’s Exhibit 1 [the video] accurately
recorded the investigative encounter, beginning with the
Trooper’s self-introduction to the Defendant, and continued up
[to] the point when the Defendant is arrested.
20. No evidence was presented at trial, by either party, of any
conversation taking place between Trooper Norsworthy and the
Defendant, from the point of arrest and the audio cutting out,
until the Trooper read the DIC-24 warnings at jail.
....
22. No evidence exists to support Defendant’s assertion Trooper
Norsworthy deliberately turned off his body microphone, or in
any way intentionally altered or deleted evidence.
3
In light of the newly filed findings of fact and conclusions of law, we permitted
the parties to file supplemental briefing; however, no supplemental briefing has
been filed.
9
Among its conclusions of law, the trial court determined that Appellant was
detained, not placed under arrest, by Trooper Norsworthy during the criminal
investigation. It also concluded that Appellant had not been placed under arrest
until Trooper Norsworthy instructed Appellant to turn around and place his hands
behind his back to be handcuffed. The court further determined that the audio
portion of the video does not contain any custodial interrogation. Lastly, the trial
court concluded that it had properly denied Appellant’s motion to exclude the
video.
In light of the trial court’s filing of the findings of fact and
conclusions of law, we dismiss Appellant’s first issue as moot.
Admission of Video
In his third and fourth issues, Appellant asserts that the trial court erred by
denying his motions to exclude and to suppress the video.
A. Standard of Review
We review a trial court’s ruling on a motion to suppress evidence under a
bifurcated standard of review. Turrubiate v. State, 399 S.W.3d 147, 150 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2013). We review the trial court’s factual findings for an abuse of
discretion, but review the trial court’s application of the law to the facts de novo.
Id. We give almost total deference to the trial court’s determination of historical
facts, particularly when the trial court’s fact findings are based on an evaluation of
10
credibility and demeanor. Id.; Valtierra v. State, 310 S.W.3d 442, 447 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2010). We give the same deference to the trial court’s conclusions with
respect to mixed questions of law and fact that turn on credibility or demeanor.
State v. Ortiz, 382 S.W.3d 367, 372 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012) (citing Guzman v.
State, 955 S.W.2d 85, 87–89 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997)). We also review de novo
mixed questions of law and fact that do not depend on credibility and demeanor.
State v. Woodward, 341 S.W.3d 404, 410 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011); Guzman, 955
S.W.2d at 89.
When the trial court makes specific findings of fact, we determine whether
the evidence supports those findings. Johnson v. State, 414 S.W.3d 184, 192 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2013). As a general rule, we view the evidence in the light most
favorable to the trial court’s ruling, affording the prevailing party the strongest
legitimate view of the evidence and all reasonable inferences that may be drawn
from that evidence. State v. Duran, 396 S.W.3d 563, 571 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013).
B. Article 38.22
In his fourth issue, Appellant asserts that the trial court erred by admitting
into evidence “an incomplete audio recording” in violation of Code of Criminal
Procedure article 38.22. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 38.22 (Vernon
Supp. 2013).
11
Section 3 of article 38.22 requires that an oral statement made as a result of
custodial interrogation be electronically recorded. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC.
ANN. art. 38.22 § 3(a). It further requires that “the recording device was capable of
making an accurate recording, the operator was competent, and the recording is
accurate and has not been altered.” Id. Appellant asserts that these requirements
were not fulfilled because the audio on the video stops at the point at which
Trooper Norsworthy formally arrested him by placing him in handcuffs and
leading him to the patrol car. Appellant intimates that this noncompliance
rendered the whole video—including the portion of the video that has an audio
recording—inadmissible under article 38.22.
A review of the record shows that Appellant’s incriminating statements
introduced at trial—including his admission that he had drunk 10 or 12 beers and
that he felt his intoxication level was a six—were made immediately after the
traffic stop, while Trooper Norsworthy and Appellant stood near Appellant’s truck.
The audio of these statements is recorded on the scene video. The State did not
introduce any statements made by Appellant after he was formally arrested by
Trooper Norsworthy; that is, the State did not ask Norsworthy to testify about any
12
statements made by Appellant after the audio function stopped working on the
video. 4
Article 38.22 specifically exempts statements made outside of custody from
the requirement that the statements be recorded. See id. art. 38.22 § 5. Statements
made during an investigative detention are not subject to the requirements of
article 38.22, section 3. See id. It is well-settled that, without more, a roadside
investigation that includes questioning of a DWI suspect is not a custodial
interrogation. See State v. Stevenson, 958 S.W.2d 824, 828–29 (Tex. Crim. App.
1997) (citing Berkemer v. McCarty, 468 U.S. 420, 441–42, 104 S. Ct. 3138, 3151
(1984)); Shpikula v. State, 68 S.W.3d 212, 218 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]
2002, pet. ref’d).
Here, Appellant’s statements, admitted into evidence, were made before his
formal arrest, at the scene, during the DWI investigation and within minutes of the
traffic stop. The trial court correctly concluded that these statements were not
made during a custodial interrogation. See Berkemer, 468 U.S. at 441–442, 104 S.
Ct. at 3151–52 (holding DWI suspect not in custody until formal arrest).
4
Trooper Norsworthy did testify that, once they arrived at the police station,
Appellant refused to sign the DIC-24 form and refused to give a breath specimen;
however, the DIC-24 form was introduced into evidence without objection by
Appellant. See Elder v. State, 132 S.W.3d 20, 27 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2004,
pet. ref’d) (“The admission of inadmissible evidence can be rendered harmless if
the same or similar evidence is introduced without objection elsewhere during
trial.”).
13
Accordingly, the State was not obligated to show compliance with article 38.22’s
requirements as a predicate to have the video admitted into evidence. See Martines
v. State, 371 S.W.3d 232, 243 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011, no pet.)
(holding that admission of recording of noncustodial statement did not require
State to show article 38.22 compliance).
We hold that the trial court’s admission of the scene video did not violate
article 38.22. Thus, Appellant has not shown on appeal that the trial court erred
when it denied his motions to exclude and to suppress the video recording based on
a violation of article 38.22.
We overrule Appellant’s fourth issue.
C. Rule of Evidence 901
In his third issue, Appellant asserts that the trial court’s denial of his motions
to suppress and to exclude the scene video “contradicts Texas Rule of Evidence
901(a).” In the trial court, Appellant objected to the admission of the scene video
on the ground that it was not “a fair and accurate recording of the totality of the
circumstances.”
When admitting evidence, the trial court inquires “whether the proponent of
the evidence has supplied facts that are sufficient to support a reasonable jury
determination that the evidence he has proffered is authentic.” Tienda v. State, 358
S.W.3d 633, 638 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012). Rule of Evidence 901 governs the
14
admissibility of electronic recordings. Jones v. State, 80 S.W.3d 686, 688 (Tex.
App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, no pet.); see TEX. R. EVID. 901.
Rule 901(a) provides that authentication is “satisfied by evidence sufficient
to support a finding that the matter in question is what its proponent claims.” TEX.
R. EVID 901(a). Rule 901(b) contains a nonexclusive list of methods for
authenticating evidence, including testimony from a witness with knowledge “that
a matter is what it is claimed to be.” TEX. R. EVID. 901(b)(1).
Appellant does not assert that the video recording admitted into evidence is
not a recording of his conversation with Trooper Norsworthy at the scene. Indeed,
Trooper Norsworthy’s testimony indicated that the video contained a recording of
the activities and conversation between him and Appellant while the officer was
conducting the investigation along the roadside. Instead, Appellant challenges the
admission of the video because it does not contain any audio recording for the
portion of the tape when Appellant was seated in the backseat of the patrol car after
his arrest. It is undisputed that Trooper Norsworthy and Appellant engaged in
some conversation while Appellant was in the backseat; however, the content of
the dialogue cannot be heard.
Appellant argues that, because the audio on the video was incomplete, the
recording was “not a true and accurate representation of the events that took place
on the night of Appellant’s arrest.” Appellant further asserts that the incomplete
15
audio recording “[did] not give the jury a complete understanding of the context in
which any of Appellant’s statements were made.” He compares the video to a
recording that contains pauses or breaks. Cf. Angleton v. State, 971 S.W.2d 65, 69
(Tex. Crim. App. 1998) (holding that audio recording that had been enhanced to
eliminate background noise was admissible pursuant to Rule 901 and noting in the
analysis that recording contained no pauses or breaks).
In his testimony, Trooper Norsworthy explained why there was no audio on
the portion of the video in which Appellant was seated in the patrol car. He
testified that the battery on his body microphone ran out of power at the point he
arrested Appellant. He also explained why the microphone in the cab of his patrol
car was not operational on that date. Trooper Norsworthy testified that the video
depicted him transporting Appellant to the police station but was clear in his
testimony that there was no audio recording made during that time. Trooper
Norsworthy did not mention any statements made by Appellant while he was
transporting Appellant to the police station. Nor did the State offer, refer to, or
otherwise rely on any statements made by Appellant while he was being
transported.
Trooper Norsworthy also testified that he is seen at the end of the video
reading the warnings in DIC-24 form to Appellant, after they arrived at the police
station. In the video, Appellant is seen seated in the back of the patrol car.
16
Appellant’s back door is open, and Trooper Norsworthy is standing near him,
leaning over. Trooper Norsworthy is speaking to Appellant with some papers in
his hands. Trooper Norsworthy testified that Appellant refused to sign the form
and refused to give a breath specimen. In conjunction with Trooper Norsworthy’s
testimony, the DIC-24 form was admitted into evidence without objection.
Based on the record, we conclude that Trooper Norsworthy’s testimony was
sufficient for the trial court to determine that the video recording was what Trooper
Norsworthy and the State claimed it to be. See TEX. R. EVID. 901(a); see also
Hines v. State, 383 S.W.3d 615, 624 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2012, pet. ref’d).
However, even if Appellant is correct, and the trial court erred in admitting the
video recording, we hold any such error was harmless.
Erroneous admission of evidence is non-constitutional error and must be
disregarded unless it affects substantial rights. TEX. R. APP. P. 44.2(b). We must
examine the record as a whole and have “‘fair assurance that the error did not
influence the jury, or had but a slight effect’” to determine that substantial rights
are not affected. Motilla v. State, 78 S.W.3d 352, 355 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002)
(quoting Solomon v. State, 49 S.W.3d 356, 365 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001)). Only if
we have a “grave doubt that the result of the trial was free from the substantial
effect of the error” will we reverse a conviction. Barshaw v. State, 342 S.W.3d 91,
94 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011). Grave doubt exists when the matter is so evenly
17
balanced that the judge feels “‘in virtual equipoise as to the harmlessness of the
error.’” Id. (quoting Burnett v. State, 88 S.W.3d 633, 637–38 (Tex. Crim. App.
2002)).
In this case, the video depicted, visually and audibly, the conversation
between Appellant and Trooper Norsworthy, which took place immediately after
the traffic stop. This is the portion of the video relied on by the State to prove
intoxication, containing the incriminating statements made by Appellant.
The State also offered other evidence of intoxication. Trooper Norsworthy
testified that he observed signs that Appellant was intoxicated, which are not
depicted in the video. He stated that Appellant smelled of alcohol, had blood-shot
eyes, and delayed reactions. The officer also testified that he found a half-full
bottle of beer in Appellant’s truck that was still cold, indicating that Appellant had
been drinking before the stop.
Lastly, as mentioned, the State did not rely on any statements or conduct of
Appellant during the portion of the video when the audio function was not
working. The only exception to this is when Trooper Norsworthy explained the
DIC-24 form to Appellant. However, as mentioned, the form was introduced into
evidence without objection. Accordingly, any error in the admission of the video
recording did not affect Appellant’s substantial rights and was harmless error. See
TEX. R. APP. P. 44.2(b).
18
Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the trial court did not err in
admitting the videotape, and that if it did, such error was harmless. We overrule
Appellant’s third issue.
Hearing on Motion for New Trial
In his second issue, Appellant asserts that the trial court erred when it did not
hold a hearing on his motion for new trial.
The purpose of a hearing on a motion for new trial is (1) to decide whether
the cause should be retried and (2) to prepare a record for presenting issues on
appeal in the event the motion is denied. Smith v. State, 286 S.W.3d 333, 338
(Tex. Crim. App. 2009). A defendant, however, does not have an absolute right to
a hearing on his motion for new trial. Hobbs v. State, 298 S.W.3d 193, 199 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2009). Rather, he is entitled to a hearing when he (1) raises matters
which are not determinable from the record and (2) establishes reasonable grounds
showing that he could potentially be entitled to relief. Id.
We review the trial court’s denial of a hearing on a motion for new trial for
an abuse of discretion. Smith, 286 S.W.3d at 339. A trial court abuses its
discretion when the ruling “was so clearly wrong as to lie outside that zone within
which reasonable persons might disagree.” Id. “Our review . . . is limited to the
[trial court’s] determination of whether the defendant has raised grounds that are
19
both undeterminable from the record and reasonable, meaning they could entitle
the defendant to relief.” Id.
Here, Appellant claims that he is entitled to a hearing on his motion for new
trial to permit him to develop and to supplement the record with newly discovered
evidence, which is favorable to him. Appellant cites the federal magistrate’s report
and recommendation, and the defense attorney’s affidavit, from the unrelated
Coleman drug case in which the federal magistrate recommended granting
Coleman’s motion to suppress and commented on Trooper Norsworthy’s
credibility as it related to one aspect of his testimony in that case. Appellant
asserts the magistrate’s report and the attorney’s affidavit speak to the credibility
of Trooper Norsworthy, the State’s only witness. Appellant asserts, “Impeachment
evidence, such as that presented by the federal case, would present a direct
challenge to the reliability of the evidence presented by the State at trial.”
A defendant is not entitled to a hearing on a motion for new trial unless the
motion and supporting affidavits reflect that reasonable grounds exist for granting
a new trial. See Wallace v. State, 106 S.W.3d 103, 108 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003);
see also Espinoza v. State, 185 S.W.3d 1, 6 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2005, no
pet.). Reasonable grounds exist for granting a motion for new trial on newly-
discovered evidence only when the motion meets the requirements of article
20
40.001 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. See Wallace, 106 S.W.3d at 108;
Espinoza, 185 S.W.3d at 6.
Article 40.001 provides that “[a] new trial shall be granted an accused where
material evidence favorable to the accused has been discovered since trial.” TEX.
CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 40.001 (Vernon 2006). Interpreting this statute, the
Court of Criminal Appeals has held that a defendant is entitled to have a motion for
new trial granted when
(1) the newly discovered evidence was unknown to him at the time of
trial; (2) his failure to discover the new evidence was not due to his
lack of due diligence; (3) the new evidence is admissible and not
merely cumulative, corroborative, collateral, or impeaching; and (4)
the new evidence is probably true and will probably bring about a
different result in a new trial.
Wallace, 106 S.W.3d at 108.
Here, Appellant asserts that he seeks to use information from the federal
drug case to impeach the credibility of Trooper Norsworthy in this case. As stated
in Wallace, newly discovered evidence must not merely be impeaching to entitle a
defendant to a new trial. See id.; see also Boyett v. State, 692 S.W.2d 512, 517
(Tex. Crim. App. 1985) (interpreting predecessor to article 40.001).
We conclude that Appellant did not show a reasonable ground existed for
granting his motion for new trial based on newly-discovered evidence. See Boyett,
692 S.W.2d at 517 (recognizing that evidence which merely impeaches does not
show entitlement to a new trial); Hogan v. State, 943 S.W.2d 80, 83 (Tex. App.—
21
San Antonio 1997, pet. ref’d) (holding that newly discovered evidence that
complainant was known to lie and of a questionable moral character did not entitle
appellant to a new trial, in part, because such evidence was merely collateral and
impeaching); Ramirez v. State, 830 S.W.2d 827, 829 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi
1992, no pet.) (holding that newly discovered evidence regarding arresting
officer’s discharge from police force did not justify new trial because evidence was
inadmissible and merely impeaching). Thus, we hold that the trial court did not
abuse its discretion when it did not hold a hearing on the new trial motion. See
Wallace, 106 S.W.3d at 108.
We overrule Appellant’s second issue.
Conclusion
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Laura Carter Higley
Justice
Panel consists of Justices Jennings, Higley, and Sharp.
Do not publish. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).
22
Peyton Ashley Simpson v. State
Combined Opinion