David L. Smith Associates, L.L.P v. Stealth Detection ,Inc.

MODIFY and AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed May 29, 2013.

S In The
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas

No. 05-12-00073-CV

DAVID L. SMITH & ASSOCIATES, L.L.P, ET AL, Appellants
V.
STEALTH DETECTION, INC., ET AL, Appellees

On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 2
Dallas County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. CC-04-12049-B

MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices Bridges, O'Neill, and Lewis
Opinion by Justice Lewis

David L. Smith & Associates, L.L.P. and Eddie Large, appellants, appeal from a

judgment awarding damages and pre-judgment interest following a trial before the court.

Appellants bring four issues contending the trial court erred (1) in the amounts awarded in pre-

judgment interest; (2) in the amounts awarded in damages; (3) by failing to award attorney’s

fees; and (4) by denying a motion for recusal. We modify the trial court’s judgment and affirm it

as modified.

Background

In 2004, appellants filed suit seeking statutory damages of $500 per fax after receiving

numerous unsolicited faxes advertising alarm system monitoring by Stealth Detection. Some

defendants, including Stealth Industry, Inc., did not answer and the trial court rendered an
interlocutory default judgment against them. In December 2008, after a trial before the court, the

trial court rendered judgment for appellees on appellants’ claims and rendered judgment for

appellants on their claims against the defaulting appellees.

In 2009, appellants filed an appeal of the trial court’s judgment in this Court. In 2010, we

affirmed in part, reversed in part, and rendered the trial court’s 2008 judgment. We remanded the

cause to the trial court for further proceedings, including determination of appellants’ reasonable

and necessary attorney’s fees for enforcement of the August 11, 2005 agreement. On remand,

appellants filed a motion for recusal and motion to enter judgment. On December 19, 2011, the

trial court issued a final judgment which ordered appellants “take nothing” from appellees on the

remaining trial issue of attorney’s fees. Appellants now appeal the trial court’s December 2011

final judgment. We issue this memorandum opinion pursuant to Texas Rule of Appellate

Procedure 47.4.

Analysis

In their first issue, appellants claim the trial court erred by awarding the incorrect

amounts in pre-judgment interest. We review the trial court’s assessment of pre-judgment

interest for an abuse of discretion. DeGroot v. DeGroot, 369 S.W.3d 918, 926 (Tex. App.—

Dallas 2012, no pet.); Bufkin v. Bufkin, 259 S.W.3d 343, 356 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, pet.

denied).

Following our mandate, the trial court set the cause for trial. After hearings on appellants’

motion for recusal and motion to enter judgment, appellants submitted a proposed final judgment

delineating specific amounts for the damages and pre-judgment interest for each party. The trial

court granted the exact amounts proposed by appellants. The proposed final judgment was

submitted on October 17, 2011, and the final judgment was not signed until December 19, 2011.

Consequently, the amount of pre-judgment interest could have been increased to include the time

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between submissions of the proposed final judgment and the day before the final judgment was

signed. See TEX. FIN. CODE ANN. § 304.104 (West 2006) (pre-judgment interest may accrue

during the period beginning on the day the suit is filed and ending on the day preceding the date

the judgment is rendered.). However, appellants failed to bring these errors to the trial court’s

attention and have waived this argument by not excepting to the judgment or bringing the

complaint to the attention of the trial court. See Westinghouse Credit Corp. v. Kownsler, 496

S.W.2d 531, 533 (Tex. 1973); McLemore v. Johnston, 585 S.W.2d 347, 349 (Tex. App.—Dallas

1979, no pet.).

Even if appellants had preserved their complaint about the amounts of interest, as stated

above, the final judgment signed by the judge includes an exact replication of the amounts

submitted by appellants in their proposed final judgment. The “invited error doctrine” precludes

a party from requesting a ruling from the court and then complaining that the court committed

error in giving him the requested ruling. Tittizer v. Union Gas Corp., 171 S.W.3d 857, 861 (Tex.

2005); Patton v. Dallas Gas Co., 108 Tex. 321, 328, 192 S.W. 1060, 1062, (1917). We conclude

appellants’ first issue is overruled.

In their second issue, appellants complain the trial court erred by awarding incorrect

amounts of damages. Specifically, appellants complain the trial court changed the amount of

damages awarded, from $17,000 to $16,500, against defaulting defendant Stealth Industry, Inc.

even though Stealth Industry, Inc. was not a party to the appeal.

Our November 16, 2010 opinion noted a $17,000 default judgment damage award to

appellant Smith & Associates, L.L.P., against Stealth Industry, Inc., even though no party

complained about the default judgment in the appeal. See David L. Smith & Assocs. v. Stealth

Detection, Inc., 327 S.W.3d 873, 878 n.4 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.). Our mandate

“RENDERED that appellees Stealth Detection Inc., David Stull, and Charles Townsend are

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jointly and severally liable with defendant Stealth Industry, Inc. to appellant David L. Smith &

Associates, L.L.P. for $16,500 plus pre-judgment interest . . . .” The mandate further stated, “In

all other respects, the trial court’s judgment is AFFIRMED.”

The trial court’s December 2008 final judgment included an award to Smith & Assoc.

LLP, of $17,000, against Stealth Industry, Inc. The trial court’s December 2011 final judgment

on remand included “that plaintiff David L. Smith & Associates, LLP do have and recover from

defendants Stealth Industry, Inc., . . . the sum of $16,500 plus $5,775 in pre-judgment interest.”

However, the trial court’s final judgment neglected to include the additional $500 damages

previously awarded to appellant Smith & Associates, LLP, against defaulting defendant Stealth

Industry, Inc. as was noted in our opinion and affirmed in our judgment. See Stealth Detection,

327 S.W.3d at 878 n.4. Accordingly, we sustain appellant’s second issue and modify the trial

court’s judgment to include the additional $500 damage award to Smith & Associates, L.L.P.

against defaulting defendant Stealth Industry, Inc. See TEX. R. APP. P. 51.1.

In their third issue, appellants claim the trial court erred by failing to award attorney’s

fees. Specifically, appellants now argue that because the motion to enter judgment included an

affidavit with requested attorney’s fees, and appellees failed to file any response to appellants’

motion, the evidence was clear, positive, and direct, it was not controverted, and a “trial” should

not have been required. An award of “attorney’s fees rests with the sound discretion of the trial

court and will not be reversed without a showing of abuse of that discretion.” See Ragsdale v.

Progressive Voters League, 801 S.W.2d 880, 881 (Tex. 1990); Spector Gadon & Rosen, P.C. v.

Sw. Sec., Inc., 372 S.W.3d 244, 251 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, no pet.).

Our November 16, 2010 opinion remanded this cause “to the trial court for further

proceedings, including determination of appellants David L. Smith & Associates L.L.P. and

Eddie Large’s reasonable and necessary attorney’s fees for enforcement of the August 11, 2005

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agreement.” Stealth Detection, 327 S.W.3d at 880. On remand and after the trial court had set the

cause for trial, appellants moved for entry of final judgment. As part of their motion, appellants

included an affidavit from Mark Lee. The motion requested attorney’s fees for enforcement of

their Rule 11 agreement in the amount of $4,500.00 plus pre- and post-judgment interest.

Appellees did not challenge the affidavit. The trial court scheduled a hearing on the motion to

enter judgment at which appellants appeared, appellee Stull appeared, but appellees Stealth

Detection, Inc. and Townsend failed to appear. The record reflects the court heard argument as to

why the court should award the requested attorney’s fees based on the affidavit and without a

trial to allow cross-examination. The court’s order denied appellant’s motion to enter judgment

stating the matter remained on the trial docket for September 15, 2011.

The record reflects appellants’ attorney called the trial court on the day of trial and

notified the court “he would not appear today as his client would not pay for a trip to Dallas.”

Counsel for appellees then moved for a directed verdict in favor of appellees which the court

granted. The trial court’s 2011 final judgment states “that plaintiffs David L. Smith &

Associates, L.L.P. and Eddie Large take nothing from defendants Stealth Detection, Inc., and

Charles Townsend on the remaining trial issue of reasonable and necessary attorney’s fees for

enforcement of the August 11, 2005 agreement.”

The award of appellants’ reasonable and necessary attorney’s fees presented a fact

question for the trial court. See Bocquet v. Herring, 972 S.W.2d 19, 21 (Tex. 1998)

(reasonableness of attorney’s fee award is a fact question); Hudspeth County Underground

Water Conservation Dist. No. 1 v. Guitar Holding Co., 355 S.W.3d 428 (Tex. App.—El Paso,

2011, pet. denied) (citing Ragsdale v. Progressive Voters League, 801 S.W.2d 880, 882 (Tex.

1990)). In Ragsdale, the Texas Supreme Court explained:

[W]e do not mean to imply that in every case when uncontradicted testimony is
offered it mandates an award of the amount claimed. For example, even though
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 the evidence might be uncontradicted, if it is unreasonable, incredible, or its belief
is questionable, then such evidence would only raise a fact issue to be determined
by the trier of fact.

Ragsdale v. Progressive Voters League, 801 S.W.2d 880, 882 (Tex. 1990). The record reflects

the trial court followed our mandate upon remand by scheduling proceedings to determine the

remaining fact question regarding attorney’s fees. Unfortunately, the record is clear that

appellants chose not to appear for the scheduled trial. We conclude appellants have failed to

show the trial court abused its discretion by requiring a trial to determine the “reasonable and

necessary attorney’s fees for enforcement of the August 11, 2005 agreement” as mandated by

this Court. Appellants’ third issue is overruled.

In their fourth issue, appellants claim the trial judge should have been recused from

further proceedings in this case. We review the denial of a motion to recuse for an abuse of

discretion. TEX. R. CIV. P. 18a(j); McElwee v. McElwee, 911 S.W.2d 182, 185 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] 1995, writ denied). An abuse of discretion is shown when the court acted

without reference to any guiding rules and principles. See Downer v. Aquamarine Operators,

Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238, 241 (Tex. 1985), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1159 (1986). “The mere fact that a

trial judge may decide a matter within his discretionary authority in a different manner than an

appellate judge in a similar circumstance does not demonstrate that an abuse of discretion has

occurred.” Id. at 242; Enterprise–Laredo Assocs. v. Hachar's, Inc., 839 S.W.2d 822, 841 (Tex.

App.-San Antonio), writ denied per curiam, 843 S.W.2d 476 (Tex.1992).

Appellants filed a motion to recuse Judge King Fifer after remand on March 1, 2011. The

motion failed to state any specific facts supporting the recusal. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 18a(a) (The

motion shall be verified and must state with particularity the grounds why the judge before

whom the case is pending should not sit.). On March 7, 2011 the motion to recuse was denied by

Judge Fifer. On March 11, 2011, appellants filed their verified motion to recuse, requesting the
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same recusal of Judge Fifer as found in their original motion but included grounds for recusal.

The case was assigned to senior district Judge Pat McDowell to hear the motion to recuse. Judge

McDowell held a hearing on the motion on April 8, 2011. At the hearing, the assigned judge

determined that our reversal and remand of Judge Fifer’s 2008 final judgment was not enough to

show a bias by Judge Fifer. The other item appellants complain about is a single comment after

the final judgment had been signed and appellants had twice requested findings of facts and

conclusions of law from Judge Fifer. Further, the individual comment was not a comment on the

weight of the evidence. And finally, our 2010 opinion stated the record shows appellants have

“suffered no injury by the trial court’s failure to make additional findings on their causes of

action for statutory damages for unsolicited faxed advertisements.” Stealth Detection, 327

S.W.3d at 879. Therefore, we conclude the assigned judge properly denied appellants’ motion to

recuse. Appellants’ fourth issue is overruled.

Conclusion

We modify the trial court’s judgment to include an additional $500 damage award to

Smith & Associates, LLP, against defaulting defendant Stealth Industry, Inc. In all other

respects, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

/David Lewis/
DAVID LEWIS
JUSTICE

120073F.P05

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 S
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
JUDGMENT

DAVID L. SMITH & ASSOCIATES, L.L.P, On Appeal from the County Court at Law
ET AL., Appellants No. 2, Dallas County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. CC-04-12049-B.
No. 05-12-00073-CV V. Opinion delivered by Justice Lewis.
Justices Bridges and O'Neill participating.
STEALTH DETECTION, INC., ET AL.,
Appellees

In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
MODIFIED as follows:
Plaintiff David L. Smith & Associates, L.L.P. shall recover an additional $500.00
damage award from defendants Stealth Industry, Inc.

It is ORDERED that, as modified, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.

Judgment entered this 29th day of May, 2013.

/David Lewis/
DAVID LEWIS
JUSTICE

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