Reverse and Remand; Opinion Filed May 8, 2013.
S
In The
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
No. 05-11-01666-CV
IN THE INTEREST OF A.T.A.L., A CHILD
On Appeal from the 254th Judicial District Court
Dallas County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. DF-09-21127-R
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices Moseley, O'Neill, and Lewis
Opinion by Justice Moseley
Bruce Le appeals a default order in a suit to modify a parent-child relationship; the order
modified Le’s child support obligation and the terms of possession of and access to his child. 1 In
four issues, Le argues the trial court abused its discretion by, among other things, modifying the
divorce decree without sufficient evidence to support his former wife’s request for modification.
The background and facts of the case are well known to the parties; thus, we do not recite them
here in detail. Because all dispositive issues are settled in law, we issue this memorandum
opinion. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(a), 47.4. We conclude there was no evidence to support the trial
court’s modification of the parties’ divorce decree. We reverse the trial court’s order in the suit
affecting the parent-child relationship (SAPCR) and remand for further proceedings consistent
with this opinion.
1
Le also argues that the modification changed his medical support obligations; however, the medical support ordered in the modification is
the same as the medical support ordered in the original order, the final decree of divorce.
A final decree of divorce ended Le’s marriage to Kimberly Nguyen. The divorce decree
appointed Le and Nguyen joint managing conservators of their only child, A.T.A.L., and a
standard possession order was put in place. Le’s child support obligation was set at $400.00 per
month. At the time the trial court entered the divorce decree, Le lived with his brother and sister-
in-law.
One year later, Nguyen filed a SAPCR. Nguyen sought to modify the terms of
possession of and access to A.T.A.L. and to increase Le’s child support obligation. Regarding
possession and access, Nguyen broadly alleged that “[t]he circumstances of the child,
conservator, or other party affected by the previous order to be modified have materially and
substantially changed since the rendition of the order to be modified,” and that “[t]he requested
modification is in the best interest of the child.” Regarding child support, Nguyen added that
“[t]he support payments previously ordered are not in substantial compliance with the guidelines
of chapter 154 of the Texas Family Code.” It is not clear from the record whether Le filed an
answer.
Le failed to appear at the trial court’s hearing on the SAPCR. The trial court granted
Nguyen’s requested modifications, and ordered that Le not have possession of A.T.A.L. until he
could show Nguyen proof he had adequate housing by providing her a copy of a lease or
mortgage documents. The trial court’s order specified that adequate housing “excludes [Le]
from taking the child to stay at someone else’s residence other than his own.” Le’s child support
obligation was increased to $730.00 per month.
The record does not show that either party requested findings of fact and conclusions of
law, and the trial court did not enter any. Le filed a motion for new trial, which the trial court
denied.
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Most appealable issues in a family law case are evaluated for an abuse of discretion. In
re A.B.P., 291 S.W.3d 91, 95 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, no pet.). A trial court abuses it
discretion when it acts in an arbitrary or unreasonable manner or when it acts without reference
to any guiding principles. Id. The trial court generally does not abuse its discretion as long as
some evidence of substantive and probative character exists to support the trial court’s decision.
See Agraz v. Carnley, 143 S.W.3d 547, 554 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, no pet.).
Allegations made in a SAPCR are not taken as true when the defendant fails to answer;
rather, the plaintiff must prove the required allegations by a preponderance of the evidence. See
id. at 552. Because the traditional sufficiency standards of review overlap with the abuse of
discretion standard in family law cases, legal sufficiency is not an independent ground of error
but is a relevant factor in our assessment of whether the trial court abused its discretion. A.B.P.,
291 S.W.3d at 95. To determine whether the trial court abused its discretion because the
evidence is insufficient to support its decision, we consider whether the trial court (1) had
sufficient evidence upon which to exercise its discretion, and (2) erred in its exercise of that
discretion. Id. We conduct the applicable sufficiency review with regard to the first question.
Gonzalez v. Gonzalez, 331 S.W.3d 864, 867 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.). We then
determine whether, based on the elicited evidence, the trial court made a reasonable decision. Id.
In reviewing the evidence for legal sufficiency, we view the evidence in the light most
favorable to the fact finding, credit favorable evidence if a reasonable trier of fact could do so,
and disregard contrary evidence unless a reasonable trier of fact could not. Id. (citing City of
Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 827 (Tex. 2005)). We may not sustain a challenge to the legal
sufficiency of the evidence unless the record demonstrates: (1) a complete absence of a vital fact;
(2) the court is barred by the rules of law or of evidence from giving weight to the only evidence
offered to prove a vital fact; (3) the evidence to prove a vital fact is no more than a scintilla; or
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(4) the evidence established conclusively the opposite of the vital fact. See id. (citing Jelinek v.
Casas, 328 S.W.3d 526, 532–33 (Tex. 2010)).
Le argues there was no evidence to support the trial court’s order—in the SAPCR—
modifying the divorce decree. The family code permitted the trial court to modify
conservatorship of A.T.A.L. if the modification was in A.T.A.L.’s best interest, and the
circumstances of the child, a conservator, or other party affected by the existing conservatorship
order materially and substantially changed since the rendition of the divorce decree. See TEX.
FAM. CODE ANN. § 156.101(1)(A) (West Supp. 2012). To demonstrate a material and substantial
change of circumstances, Nguyen was required to show what conditions existed at the time of the
entry of the divorce decree as compared to the circumstances existing at the time of the hearing
on the motion to modify. See A.B.P., 291 S.W.3d at 95.
At the prove-up hearing, Nguyen did not present any evidence to support her broad
allegations in the SAPCR. She did not offer evidence to show the circumstances of A.T.A.L. or
any person affected by the existing order had materially and substantially changed. See id.
Although Nguyen alleged that the support payments previously ordered were not in compliance
with the Texas Family Code, this alone is not evidence of a material and substantial change in
circumstances. See In re G.J.S., 940 S.W.2d 289, 294 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1997, no writ)
(“A child support order that is not in compliance with the guidelines does not by itself establish a
material and substantial change in circumstances.”); see also See Leonard v. Leonard, No. 05-
97-00899, 1999 WL 1125245, at *2 (Tex. App.—Dallas Dec. 9, 1999, no pet.) (not designated
for publication). The only factual testimony Nguyen provided was that she had been a Dallas
resident for at least six months, there had been no family violence during the last two years or
while the case was pending, and the modification was in A.T.A.L.’s best interest.
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Because Nguyen failed to present any evidence showing the circumstances of A.T.A.L.
or any party affected by the existing conservatorship order materially and substantially changed
since the trial court entered the divorce decree, we conclude the evidence was legally insufficient
to support the trial court’s modification and, therefore, the trial court abused its discretion by
modifying the final decree of divorce. See A.B.P., 291 S.W.3d at 95. We sustain Le’s fourth
issue.
We reverse the trial court’s order in SAPCR and remand for further proceedings
consistent with this opinion.
/Jim Moseley/
JIM MOSELEY
JUSTICE
111666F.P05
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S
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
JUDGMENT
IN THE INTEREST OF A.T.A.L., A On Appeal from the 254th Judicial District
CHILD Court, Dallas County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. DF-09-21127-R.
No. 05-11-01666-CV Opinion delivered by Justice Moseley.
Justices O'Neill and Lewis participating.
In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
REVERSED and this cause is REMANDED to the trial court for further proceedings consistent
with this opinion.
It is ORDERED that Bruce Le recover his costs of this appeal from Kimberly Nguyen.
Judgment entered May 8, 2013.
/Jim Moseley/
JIM MOSELEY
JUSTICE
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in the Interest of A.T.A.L.
Combined Opinion