NO. 07-10-0192-CR
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
AT AMARILLO
PANEL C
JANUARY 27, 2011
OLIVIA REYES TIENDA, APPELLANT
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, APPELLEE
FROM THE 137TH DISTRICT COURT OF LUBBOCK COUNTY;
NO. 2009-422,182; HONORABLE CECIL PURYEAR, JUDGE
Before QUINN, C.J., and HANCOCK and PIRTLE, JJ.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
This is an accelerated appeal1 wherein Appellant, Olivia Reyes Tienda, requests
this Court to review the trial court's order denying bail pending the appeal of her
1
An appeal of any judgment or order pertaining to an Appellant's right to bond pending appeal "shall be
given preference by the appellate court." Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. article 44.04(g) (West 2006). For
convenience, provisions of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure will hereafter be cited as "article ____"
or "art. ____."
conviction for credit card abuse, a state jail felony offense.2 In the underlying
proceeding, Appellant was sentenced to two years confinement. By her sole issue, she
asserts the trial court abused its discretion in denying her an appeal bond because the
State failed in its burden to show good cause that she is likely to commit another
offense while on bail.3
Standard of Review
We review a trial court's decision to deny an appeal bond under an abuse of
discretion standard; Ex parte Spaulding, 612 S.W.2d 509, 511 (Tex.Crim.App. 1981),
and ask whether the trial judge's "decision was made without reference to any guiding
rules or principles or, in other words, if the decision was arbitrary or unreasonable."
Davis v. State, 71 S.W.3d 844, 845-46 (Tex.App.--Texarkana 2002, no pet.) (citing
Montgomery v. State, 810 S.W.2d 372, 380 (Tex.Crim.App. 1990)). So long as the trial
court's decision falls within the "zone of reasonable disagreement," we must uphold the
trial court's decision even if we would have reached a different result. Id. at 845.
Appeal Bond
There is no federal or state constitutional right to bail pending appeal. Dallas v.
State, 983 S.W.2d 276, 278 n.1 (Tex.Crim.App. 1998). See Ex parte Cole, 43 S.W.3d
713, 716 (Tex.App.--Fort Worth 2001, no pet.) (citing Ex parte Lowe, 573 S.W.2d 245,
247 (Tex.Crim.App. [Panel Op.] 1978)). In Texas, a defendant's right to bail pending
2
See Cause No. 07-10-0257-CR, Olivia Reyes Tienda v. State, presently pending before this Court.
3
See art. 44.04(c) (West 2006); Ex parte Castaneda, 739 S.W.2d 456, 457 (Tex.App.--Corpus Christi
1987, no pet.).
2
appeal is governed by the provisions of articles 44.04 and Chapter 17 of the Texas
Code of Criminal Procedure. See Dallas, 983 S.W.2d at 278 (citing Ex parte Davila,
623 S.W.2d 408, 410 (Tex.Crim.App. 1981)) (holding that the Chapter 17 procedures
concerning bail are modified and supplemented by article 44.04 after an accused has
been convicted and post-verdict proceedings are initiated).
Generally, a defendant convicted of a felony offense may be eligible for release
on a reasonable appeal bond unless there exists good cause to believe that he or she
will not appear when his or her conviction becomes final or is likely to commit another
offense while on bond. See art. 44.04; Compian v. State, 7 S.W.3d 199, 200 (Tex.App.
--Houston [14th Dist.] 1999, no pet.) (citing Mayo v. State, 611 S.W.2d 442, 444
(Tex.Crim.App. 1981)).4 Here, following a hearing, the trial court denied an appeal bond
based on its finding that Appellant was likely to re-offend in the event she was released
from jail.
At the hearing, the State produced evidence that Appellant was under
investigation by the 286th Judicial District Attorney's Office in 2006 for exploiting an
elderly couple through forgery and theft. The investigation was prompted by bank
employees who observed Appellant accompanying an elderly couple to the bank during
a loan application review and while cashing checks written on the elderly couple's
4
When a court sets bail, certain factors should be considered in reviewing whether the bail is reasonable
such as length of the sentence, nature of the offense, work record, family ties, length of residence and
ability to make bail. See Swinnea v. State, 614 S.W.2d 453, 455 (Tex.Crim.App. 1981); Ex parte Rubac,
611 S.W.2d 848, 849-50 (Tex.Crim.App. 1981). However, when a court denies bail, the decision is based
upon whether the record shows that the defendant is likely to commit another offense while on bail or
would not appear when his conviction became final. Art. 44.04(c); Shugart v. State, 994 S.W.2d 367, 369
(Tex.Crim.App. 1999).
3
accounts.5 When the bank employees checked one account, they discovered that
thirty-eight thousand dollars had been withdrawn during the four months the couple had
been observed with Appellant, leaving a balance of less than a hundred dollars. When
bank employees attempted to separate Appellant from the elderly couple in order to
speak with them privately, Appellant became uncooperative and belligerent. Shortly
thereafter, they closed their account with the bank.6 When the investigator confronted
Appellant, she admitted that the couple had agreed to pay her one hundred twenty-five
dollars a week to clean their house but had given her thousands of dollars to pay her
bills and make her car payments. Appellant was ultimately charged with altering a
check made out by the couple to her from fifty dollars to one hundred fifty dollars. The
couple agreed that the check had been altered and a grocery employee positively
identified Appellant as the person who cashed the altered check. Ultimately, however,
the District Attorney's Office did not pursue criminal charges against Appellant because
the couple was unable to testify due to an onset of dementia.
More recently, while incarcerated, Appellant made a telephone call to her
daughters wherein she asked one daughter to go to an elderly woman's house on the
pretext of taking her garbage out and described how she could obtain money by
5
The couple was in their eighties and the woman had recently suffered a stroke. Her memory and mental
state were not clear.
6
The investigative report indicated that, prior to moving their money to this bank, the couple had moved
their money from another bank when bank employees confronted them with their suspicions that
Appellant was exploiting them. The bank employees at the prior bank also became suspicious when they
observed Appellant cashing multiple checks written by the couple on their account.
4
deceiving the elderly woman.7 She proposed a variety of lies her daughter should use
to obtain money from the woman. Based upon the past investigation and this new
information, Kevin Davis, Hockley County Sheriff, and Brandy Montgomery, a bank
employee, opined that, if Appellant made bond, she would absolutely, or very likely,
commit another crime.
Given the findings of the elderly-exploitation investigation in 2006 and her recent
telephone call from jail encouraging her daughter to obtain money from an elderly
person by false pretext or deception,8 we cannot say that the trial court's decision to
deny an appeal bond was "so clearly wrong as to lie outside that zone within which
reasonable persons might disagree." Shugart, 994 S.W.2d at 369 (quoting Heiselbetz
v. State, 906 S.W.2d 500, 517 (Tex.Crim.App. 1995)). This is particularly so as the
investigation report and recent phone call from jail suggest a continuous pattern of such
behavior undeterred by her present incarceration. Accordingly, Appellant's sole issue is
overruled.
Conclusion
The trial court’s order denying bail is affirmed.
Patrick A. Pirtle
Justice
Do not publish.
7
Appellant and her daughter had been cleaning the woman's house for several years. Appellant's
husband testified the woman was making payments to them for Appellant's medications.
8
See Tex. Penal Code Ann. §§ 31.02, 31.03 (West Supp. 2010); Miller v. State, 164 Tex. Crim. 628, 301
S.W.2d 672, 672-73 (1957).
5
Olivia Reyes Tienda v. State
Combined Opinion