Order issued March 20, 2013
In The
Court of Appeals
For The
First District of Texas
NO. 01-11-00588-CV
____________
MARIA MAY, Appellant
V.
HYDROCHEM INDUSTRIAL SERVICES, Appellee
On Appeal from the 405th District Court
Franklin County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 08CV1074
MEMORANDUM ORDER
Appellant, Maria May, sued appellee, Hydrochem Industrial Services, for
wrongful termination. A jury found in favor of appellee, and the trial court granted
appellee’s motion for judgment on the verdict. Appellant filed a notice of appeal
and an affidavit of indigence, claiming that she was unable to pay the costs of
appeal. Appellant challenges the trial court’s order sustaining a contest to her
indigence claim. See In re Arroyo, 988 S.W.2d 737, 739 (Tex. 1998).
We affirm the trial court’s order.
Standard of Review and Principles of Law
Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code section 13.003 sets out the statutory
requirements that must be met for an appellant to obtain a free record on appeal.
See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 13.003(a) (West 2002). Section 13.003
states, in pertinent part, that a trial court clerk and court reporter shall provide a
record for appeal without cost only if:
(1) an affidavit of inability to pay the cost of the appeal has
been filed under the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure;
and
(2) the trial judge finds:
(A) the appeal is not frivolous; and
(B) the statement of facts and the clerk’s transcript is
needed to decide the issue presented by the appeal.
Id. Thus, to obtain a free record on appeal, an appellant must both file an affidavit
of indigence under the Rules of Appellate Procedure and request certain findings
from the trial court.
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Affidavits of indigence are governed by Rule of Appellate Procedure 20.1.1
TEX. R. APP. P. 20.1; see TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 13.003(a)(1)
(requiring that affidavit of indigence be filed in accordance with Rules of Appellate
Procedure). Rule 20.1 allows a party to proceed on appeal without advance
payment of costs2 if (1) the party files an affidavit of indigence in compliance with
the rule, (2) the indigence claim is either not contestable, is not contested, or, if
contested, the contest is not sustained by written order, and (3) the party timely files
a notice of appeal. See TEX. R. APP. P. 20.1(a)(2).
Generally, the appellant must file the affidavit of indigence in the trial court
“with or before the notice of appeal.” TEX. R. APP. P. 20.1(c)(1). The affidavit
must identify the party filing the affidavit, state the amount of costs the party can
pay, if any, and present complete information about the party’s financial condition.
See TEX. R. APP. P. 20.1(b).
The trial court clerk, court reporter, or any interested party may file a contest
to the affidavit of indigence, but must do so within 10 days after the date the
1
Rule 20.1 was amended, effective March 1, 2012. See Order Adopting
Amendments to Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 306, Texas Rules Of Appellate
Procedure 20, 25, 28, 32, and 35, and Texas Rule Of Judicial Administration 6,
Misc. Docket No. 11–9251 (Tex. Dec. 12, 2011). Appellant challenges the trial
court’s order signed July 27, 2011. Accordingly, we apply the former version of
Rule 20.1 in this case.
2
Rule 20.1(m) defines “costs” as the filing fee and the charges for preparing the
appellate record. TEX. R. APP. P. 20.1(m).
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affidavit is filed. TEX. R. APP. P. 20.1(e). Within 10 days after a contest is filed, the
trial court must either conduct a hearing or sign an order extending the time for the
hearing no more than 20 days from the date of the order. TEX. R. APP. P. 20.1(i).
At the hearing on the contest, the appellant bears the burden to prove her
indigence by a preponderance of the evidence. Higgins v. Randall Cnty. Sheriff's
Office, 257 S.W.3d 684, 686 (Tex. 2008); see TEX. R. APP. P. 20.1(g); Arevalo v.
Millan, 983 S.W.2d 803, 804 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1998, no pet.). The
party contesting the affidavit then has the burden to offer evidence to rebut what
was established. See Griffin Indus., Inc. v. Hon. Thirteenth Court of Appeals, 934
S.W.2d 349, 352 (Tex. 1996). “The test for determining indigence is
straightforward: ‘Does the record as a whole show by a preponderance of the
evidence that the applicant would be unable to pay the costs, or a part thereof, or
give security therefor, if [s]he really wanted to and made a good-faith effort to do
so?’” In re C.H.C., 331 S.W.3d 426, 429 (Tex. 2011) (quoting Higgins, 257 S.W.3d
at 686).
Unless, within the period set for the hearing, the trial court signs an order
sustaining the contest, the affidavit’s allegations will be deemed true and the party
will be allowed to proceed without advance payment of costs. TEX. R. APP. P.
20.1(i)(4); see C.H.C., 331 S.W.3d at 429; Higgins, 257 S.W.3d at 688. When the
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trial court sustains the contest to the appellant’s affidavit, the appellant may obtain
the record pertaining to the trial court’s ruling and may challenge that ruling as part
of her appeal. See Arroyo, 988 S.W.2d at 738–39.
We review the trial court’s order under an abuse of discretion standard.
White v. Bayless, 40 S.W.3d 574, 576 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2001, pet. denied).
The trial court abuses its discretion if it acts without reference to any guiding rules
or principles or in an arbitrary or unreasonable manner. Id. Rule 20.1 is to be
interpreted “liberally in favor of preserving appellate rights.” See Higgins, 257
S.W.3d at 686.
Analysis
Appellant timely filed an affidavit of indigence, which appellee timely
contested. See TEX. R. APP. P. 20.1(c)(1), (e). After a hearing, the trial court timely
signed an order sustaining the contest. See TEX. R. APP. P. 20.1(i). Appellant
challenges the trial court’s order sustaining the contest to her affidavit of indigence
and ordering that she pay the costs of her appeal. The Court granted appellant’s
motion to file a brief, and appellee has also filed a brief.
Insofar as appellant challenges the trial court’s order with respect to the filing
fee for the appeal, the record shows that appellant stated in her affidavit and in her
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testimony at the hearing that she is able to pay the filing fee for the appeal. Hence,
appellant has not asserted that she is indigent with respect to the filing fee.
Insofar as appellant challenges the trial court’s order with respect to the costs
of the appellate record, by failing to request or obtain the findings required by Civil
Practice and Remedies Code section 13.003, appellant has failed to meet the
statutory requirements for receiving a free record and has failed to preserve any
error upon which we could reverse the trial court’s order. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. &
REM. CODE ANN. § 13.003. Section 13.003 expressly provides that a court reporter
or clerk shall provide a record without cost “only if”: (1) an affidavit of inability to
pay the cost of the appeal has been filed under the Texas Rules of Appellate
Procedure; and (2) the trial court finds: (A) the appeal is not frivolous; and (B) the
statement of facts and the clerk’s transcript is needed to decide the issue presented
by the appeal. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 13.003(a). The record before
us does not reflect any findings as required by section 13.003(a)(2). See id. In
addition, the record does not reflect any request for such findings by appellant or
any objection or complaint to the trial court regarding the absence of such findings.
Furthermore, appellant has not raised the absence of such findings as error in this
Court. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1; Schlapper v. Forest, 272 S.W.3d 676, 678 (Tex.
App.—Austin 2008, pet. denied) (concluding that appellant had failed to preserve
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any issue for review by failing to obtain or request the findings required by section
13.003); Rhodes v. Honda, 246 S.W.3d 353, 356 n.4 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2008,
no pet.) (noting that it would be error to reverse trial court and allow appellant to
obtain free record without required statutory findings).
Even if we consider the evidence presented, however, appellant cannot
prevail on her indigence claim with respect to the costs of the record. By her
affidavit, appellant declared that she has monthly income of $700 from her part-
time job, $675 from child support, and $526 from food stamps; she does not have a
spouse; has one child dependent; she does not own any real property; she does not
own a vehicle or other personal property, except home furnishings, clothing, and
inexpensive jewelry; she has $65 in cash on deposit; she has monthly expenses of
$935 in rent, $200 in electricity, $80 for water, $28 for natural gas, $99 for cellular
telephone, and $39 for cable television; she owes $14,300 in student loans; she is
unable to obtain a loan; she was represented at trial by an attorney on a contingency
fee basis, but she is proceeding on appeal pro se; and she does not have the skills or
access to equipment to prepare an appendix, as required by Rule 38.5. See TEX. R.
APP. P. 20.1(b).
At the hearing, appellant testified that she receives food stamps and that,
since 2007, when she lost the job made the basis of this lawsuit, she has been
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employed part-time and has been looking for work, but has been unable to secure
full-time employment. Her credit is damaged because her vehicle was repossessed.
Thus, she is without her own transportation and is unable to obtain a loan. She has
been borrowing money from family and friends.
Appellant testified that she is dependent on food stamps. The supreme court
has held that evidence that a person “is dependent upon the charity of the public
afforded through the various welfare programs is, by itself, prima facie evidence
that the person is financially unable to pay the court costs or give security therefor.”
Griffin Indus., Inc., 934 S.W.2d at 351. “When a prima facie case of dependence
on public assistance has been established, opposing parties bear the burden of
introducing some evidence that the witness is not dependent on food stamps or that
other funds are available.” Id. at 352 (emphasis added).
At the hearing, appellee pointed out that appellant’s testimony demonstrates
that she has other funds available. Namely, appellant testified that she has other
income of $1375 each month, from which she spends $99 on cellular telephone and
$39 on cable television.
From this evidence, the trial court could have reasonably concluded that
appellant has $138 available each month that she uses for discretionary services and
that could be used for the costs of appeal. See In re A.L.V.Z., 352 S.W.3d 568, 571
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(Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.) (holding that trial court did not abuse its
discretion in sustaining contest to affidavit of indigence when appellant testified
that she paid for discretionary services, including cable television and Internet
access, notwithstanding appellant’s dependence on social security disability
benefits); see e.g., Adams v. Ross, No. 01-11-00552-CV, 2012 WL 5381218, at *3
(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Nov. 1, 2012, order) (not designated for
publication) (concluding that trial court did not abuse its discretion by sustaining
contest to affidavit of indigence when evidence established that appellant’s
expenses included discretionary services, namely, cellular telephone and Internet).
In addition, at the hearing, appellee directed the trial court to appellant’s
testimony that she is able to work full-time, but does not. Appellant testified that
she has been unable to find full-time work since 2007, when she lost the job made
the basis of this suit. Thus, four years elapsed between appellant’s job loss and the
indigence hearing. Appellant did not submit any evidence of her efforts.
As the fact-finder, the trial court is the sole judge of the credibility of the
witnesses and evidence. See Prince v. Am. Bank of Tex., 359 S.W.3d 380, 382 (Tex.
App.—Dallas 2012, no pet.). From the testimony offered at the hearing, the trial
court could have concluded that appellant was intentionally underemployed. See
Basaldua v. Hadden, 298 S.W.3d 238, 241–42 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2009, no
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pet.) (affirming trial court’s order sustaining contest when appellant stated that he
earned $500 per month, had expenses of $390 per month, and that he was not
working as much as he could); see e.g., Caldwell v. Caldwell, No. 03-10-00292-CV,
2012 WL 3704978, at *3 (Tex. App.—Austin, Aug. 1, 2012, order) (not designated
for publication) (affirming trial court’s finding that appellant was not indigent,
notwithstanding his dependence on food stamps, because he had not shown any
evidence of his attempts to find employment). There can be no abuse of discretion
if some evidence supports the trial court’s decision, as here. In re Barber, 982
S.W.2d 364, 366 (Tex. 1998). We may not reverse the trial court’s decision simply
because we might have reached a different result. See Downer v. Aquamarine
Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238, 242 (Tex. 1985).
Moreover, although appellant testified at the hearing that she estimated the
cost of the clerk’s record to be $100.00 and the cost of the reporter’s record to be
$2,000.00, she did not submit any evidence from the district clerk or court reporter
regarding the costs of the record. See e.g., Adams, No. 01-11-00552-CV, 2012 WL
5381218, at *3 (noting absence of evidence regarding costs).
In sum, on the record before us, we cannot conclude that the trial court
abused its discretion by sustaining the contest to appellant’s affidavit of indigence.
See id. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s order.
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Because appellant has not established indigence, it is ORDERED that
appellant pay the filing fee for this appeal no later than 10 days from the date of this
order. It is further ORDERED that appellant file with this court no later than 30
days from the date of this order, proof that she has paid, or has made arrangements
to pay, the fees for preparing the clerk’s record and, if any, the reporter’s record.
See TEX. R. APP. P. 34.5, 34.6, 35.3.
PER CURIAM
Panel consists of Chief Justice Radack and Justices Higley and Brown.
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