United States Court of Appeals
Fifth Circuit
F I L E D
April 24, 2003
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT Charles R. Fulbruge III
Clerk
No. 02-51214
Conference Calendar
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
ERNESTO GUADALUPE TORRES-CORDERO,
also known as Ernest Torres, also known as
Ernesto Guadalupe Torres, also known as
Ernesto G. Torres, also known as Ernest
Torrez, also known as Ernest Torres, Jr.,
Defendant-Appellant.
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Texas
USDC No. SA-02-CR-153-ALL
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Before DAVIS, BARKSDALE, and STEWART, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
Ernesto Guadalupe Torres-Cordero appeals the sentence
imposed following his guilty plea conviction of being found in
the United States after deportation/removal in violation of
8 U.S.C. § 1326. Torres contends that 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a) and 8
U.S.C. § 1326(b) define separate offenses. He argues that the
prior conviction that resulted in his increased sentence is an
element of a separate offense under 8 U.S.C. § 1326(b) that
*
Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined
that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent
except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
No. 02-51214
-2-
should have been alleged in his indictment. Torres maintains
that he pleaded guilty to an indictment which charged only simple
reentry under 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a). He argues that his sentence
exceeds the two-year maximum term of imprisonment which may be
imposed for that offense.
In Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 235
(1998), the Supreme Court held that the enhanced penalties in
8 U.S.C. § 1326(b) are sentencing provisions, not elements of
separate offenses. The Court further held that the sentencing
provisions do not violate the Due Process Clause. Id. at 239-47.
Torres acknowledges that his argument is foreclosed by
Almendarez-Torres, but asserts that the decision has been cast
into doubt by Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 490 (2000).
He seeks to preserve his argument for further review.
Apprendi did not overrule Almendarez-Torres. See Apprendi,
530 U.S. at 489-90; United States v. Dabeit, 231 F.3d 979, 984
(5th Cir. 2000). This court must follow Almendarez-Torres
“unless and until the Supreme Court itself determines to overrule
it.” Dabeit, 231 F.3d at 984 (internal quotation marks and
citation omitted). The judgment of the district court is
AFFIRMED.
The Government has moved for a summary affirmance in lieu of
filing an appellee’s brief. In its motion, the Government asks
that an appellee’s brief not be required. The motion is GRANTED.
AFFIRMED; MOTION GRANTED.