COURT OF APPEALS
SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS
FORT WORTH
NO. 02-11-00069-CR
EX PARTE TRACY WAYNE TOW
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FROM THE 371ST DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY
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MEMORANDUM OPINION1
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Appellant Tracy Wayne Tow appeals the trial court’s denial of his
application for a writ of habeas corpus. In two related issues, he challenges the
trial court’s finding that he did not set forth new facts that unquestionably
establish his innocence for causing bodily injury to a child.2 Upon determining
that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying habeas relief, we affirm.
1
See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
2
See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 22.04(a) (West 2011). Under the
circumstances of this case, appellant’s crime was a third-degree felony. See id.
§ 22.04(f).
Background Facts
C.S. was nine years old when she first told her mother, Jody, that appellant
had touched her ―in [her] private places.‖ Jody told the police, and C.S. gave a
videotaped interview.3 A grand jury indicted appellant with four sex-related
crimes. Appellant entered a plea bargain in which he pled guilty to causing
bodily injury to a child, which was handwritten as a fifth count on his indictment.4
As part of his plea, appellant judicially confessed to committing each act in the
indictment. The trial court placed appellant on a five-year term of deferred
adjudication community supervision in February 2007.
As part of his community supervision, the trial court imposed sex offender
conditions.5 For example, the trial court required appellant to complete a sex
offender treatment course. Additionally, the court ordered appellant to complete
polygraph examinations without showing signs of deception. During his
3
The trial court admitted a recording of this interview as an exhibit during
the hearing on appellant’s application.
4
Count five stated that appellant, on or about April 1, 2005, intentionally or
knowingly caused bodily injury to C.S., a child younger than fifteen years of age,
by striking her with his hand. The other four counts of appellant’s indictment
alleged second-degree felonies of indecency with a child. See id. § 21.11(a)(1),
(d) (West 2011). A conviction for indecency with a child would have required
appellant to register as a sex offender. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art.
62.001(5)(A) (West Supp. 2010).
5
Imposition of the sex offender conditions was part of the plea bargain
agreement.
2
community supervision, appellant admitted to having sexually abused C.S. to his
psychotherapist and his community supervision officer.
In the latter part of 2010, however, C.S. recanted her story about the
abuse. Appellant then began denying that he had fondled C.S. In October 2010,
under article 11.072 of the code of criminal procedure, he filed an application for
a writ of habeas corpus based on C.S.’s recantation, and he also filed a motion to
withdraw his guilty plea.6 Appellant’s application included a document dated
September 22, 2010 and signed by C.S. that stated,
My name is [C.S.] and I am writing this to tell you that the
statement I said 5 years ago is not true. My Aunt Lori . . . told me
that if I wanted to live with her and [Jody] that I had to say that
[appellant] had touched me in [inappropriate] places. . . . I am
writing you this so I can get my family [together again]. I am very
sorry for what I have caused to everyone. I just want to bring my
family back [together].
In December 2010, the State filed a petition that asked the trial court to
revoke appellant’s community supervision and adjudicate him guilty. The State
alleged that appellant had violated his community supervision by, among other
allegations, being discharged from sex offender treatment the month before,
failing to assume responsibility for his offense,7 and viewing sexually explicit
6
See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 11.072 (West 2005) (concerning the
procedures for litigating applications for writs of habeas corpus in community
supervision cases).
7
A polygraph examiner testified over appellant’s objection that appellant
showed deception when he denied rubbing C.S.’s vagina over her clothing.
3
material.8 The State also filed a response to appellant’s application, stating in
part, ―In order for the Court to resolve whether the new facts unquestionably
establish the applicant’s innocence, the Court must determine whether [C.S.’s]
recantation is credible.‖
During a February 2011 hearing,9 when asked about why she had
originally alleged that appellant had molested her, C.S. testified,
My Aunt Lori, she had told me that if I wanted to live with [Jody] --
because [Jody] was out of town, and she came back. And [Lori]
said, if I wanted to live with [Jody], I say that Tracy touched me and
in my private places. She said to say that because my Aunt
[Thomesia] wouldn’t let me come live with my mom.
....
. . . [Lori] had told me what to say.[10]
C.S. explained that Jody was living with Lori (Jody’s sister) at the time, while C.S.
was living with appellant and Thomesia. After C.S. made the allegations against
appellant, she lived with Jody and Lori.
8
Appellant pled not true to each of the State’s allegations in its petition to
revoke his community supervision. The trial court, however, revoked the
community supervision, found appellant guilty, and sentenced him to eight years’
confinement. The propriety of the trial court’s decisions to revoke appellant’s
community supervision and to adjudicate him guilty is not at issue in this appeal.
9
See id. art. 11.072, § 6(b).
10
Specifically, according to C.S., Lori told her to say that C.S. was popping
appellant’s back when he put her on a bed and started touching her. C.S. was
fifteen years old when the trial court held its hearing on appellant’s application for
a writ of habeas corpus.
4
Lori admitted that she had developed a plan for C.S. to live with her and
Jody instead of appellant and Thomesia, but Lori denied that she told C.S. to
accuse appellant of fondling her. She said that while she did not tell C.S. to
make sexual allegations, she did not believe that appellant had fondled C.S.
Mayra Pinedo, appellant’s community supervision officer, testified that before
November 11, 2010, appellant had told her that on twelve occasions over a ten to
eleven month period, he fondled C.S.11
The trial court found Lori’s testimony credible and did not believe that
C.S.’s recantation was genuine. Thus, the trial court denied appellant’s
application for a writ of habeas corpus as well as his motion to withdraw his plea
of guilty. Appellant brought this appeal.
The Trial Court’s Decision to Deny Habeas Corpus Relief
In two related issues, appellant asserts that the trial court incorrectly
denied his application for a writ of habeas corpus.
Standard of review and applicable law12
Absent an abuse of discretion, we must affirm a court’s decision on
whether to grant the relief requested in a habeas corpus application. Kniatt v.
State, 206 S.W.3d 657, 664 (Tex. Crim. App.), cert. denied, 549 U.S. 1052
11
Thus, appellant admitted to inappropriately touching C.S. more times
than the indictment alleged.
12
Appellant argues for a standard of review that differs from the one
discussed below. We will address the substance of appellant’s issues under the
correct standard.
5
(2006); Ex parte Karlson, 282 S.W.3d 118, 127 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2009,
pet. ref’d). We review the evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court’s
ruling. Kniatt, 206 S.W.3d at 664. In conducting our review, we afford great
deference to the trial court’s findings of fact and conclusions of law that are
supported by the record. Karlson, 282 S.W.3d at 127–28. We also afford great
deference to the trial court’s application of the law to the facts to the extent that
the resolution of the ultimate question turns on an evaluation of credibility and
demeanor. Ex parte Peterson, 117 S.W.3d 804, 819 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003),
overruled in part on other grounds by Ex parte Lewis, 219 S.W.3d 335, 371 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2007).
After being placed on community supervision, a defendant may file a
habeas corpus application to challenge the order in which community supervision
was imposed. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 11.072, § 2(b)(1). ―[C]laims of
actual innocence based upon newly discovered evidence are cognizable on post-
conviction writs of habeas corpus.‖ Ex parte Brown, 205 S.W.3d 538, 544 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2006). Appellant has raised a Herrera13 claim by asserting innocence
based on the newly discovered evidence of C.S.’s recantation. See Brown, 205
S.W.3d at 544; Ex parte Mello III, No. 02-10-00200-CR, 2011 WL 2611243, at *1
(Tex. App.—Fort Worth June 30, 2011, no pet. h.). Our decision in Mello III
recites the law with regard to Herrera claims:
13
See Herrera v. Collins, 506 U.S. 390, 113 S. Ct. 853 (1993).
6
In reviewing a Herrera claim, the habeas court must first
consider whether the applicant presented newly discovered
evidence that affirmatively establishes his innocence. If the
applicant presents such evidence, the habeas court then determines
whether the applicant proved by clear and convincing evidence that
no reasonable juror would have convicted him in light of the newly
discovered evidence. The habeas court must examine the ―newly
discovered evidence‖ and determine whether the ―new‖ evidence,
when balanced against the ―old‖ inculpatory evidence,
unquestionably establishes the applicant’s innocence. The habeas
court does not review the fact finder’s verdict but instead decides
whether the newly discovered evidence would have convinced the
fact finder of the applicant’s innocence. If the applicant entered a
guilty plea, the guilty plea—along with any evidence entered, or
stipulation to the evidence, supporting the plea—must be considered
in weighing the old evidence against the new evidence.
2011 WL 2611243, at *1 (emphasis added) (citations and footnotes omitted).
Appellant recognizes that the trial court, as the trier of fact, may choose to accept
or reject all or any part of a witness’s testimony. Peterson, 117 S.W.3d at 819
n.68; Ex parte Gibson, 149 Tex. Crim. 543, 544–45, 197 S.W.2d 109, 110
(1946).
Analysis
The trial court was compelled to resolve competing evidence: C.S.’s
recantation hinged on her allegation that Lori had told her to falsely accuse
appellant of molesting her, while Lori denied doing so. The trial court expressly
found that Lori’s testimony in that regard was credible while C.S.’s recantation
was not, and that court was in a better position to determine credibility than we
7
are because it viewed the witnesses and their demeanor when they testified.14
See Karenev v. State, 281 S.W.3d 428, 438 n.11 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009) (―When
it comes to factual findings, the trial court, not the appellate court, is in a better
position to make the determination.‖); Ex parte Thompson, 153 S.W.3d 416,
417–18 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005); see also Skinner v. State, 293 S.W.3d 196, 204
(Tex. Crim. App. 2009) (―We review deferentially the state district court’s
determination of the credibility of a recantation.‖); Driggers v. State, 940 S.W.2d
699, 709 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1996, pet. ref’d) (―We do not determine the
victim’s credibility. What we have to determine is whether the trial court abused
its discretion in not accepting her new testimony as true. We therefore review
the record to determine if there is any evidence that reasonably supports the
court’s decision.‖).
The trial court could have determined that C.S.’s recantation was not
credible because it was motivated by her stated desire to bring her family back
together. According to C.S.’s testimony, after recanting her allegations that
appellant had fondled her, C.S. has had more opportunities to visit with her
sisters.
14
Lori did not believe that Tracy had ever fondled C.S. As explained
above, however, the trial court was authorized to accept only part of Lori’s
testimony. Lori seemed to believe that Jody (who, according to Lori, had falsely
accused her father of molestation) persuaded C.S. to falsely claim that appellant
abused her. But Lori also said that when C.S. told Jody that appellant had
abused her, Jody ―went ballistic‖ and started crying.
8
Moreover, the record casts some doubt on the validity of the motivation
that Lori allegedly had to persuade C.S. to lie (allowing C.S. to live with her and
Jody instead of appellant and Thomesia). Lori explained that Thomesia did not
believe that Jody was responsible and therefore did not want to allow C.S. to live
with Jody. In the past, Jody had left C.S. with appellant and Thomesia while
Jody spent long periods of time with men. But according to Lori, there had never
been a court order removing C.S. from Jody’s care; thus, Thomesia may not
have had an enforceable right to keep C.S. if Jody had merely sought her
return.15
Next, appellant pled guilty to the offense against C.S., and the trial court
was entitled to give ―great respect‖ to that plea. See Mello III, 2011 WL 2611243,
at *1 (citing Ex parte Tuley, 109 S.W.3d 388, 391 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002)). Also,
during appellant’s community supervision, he admitted his offense against C.S.
to multiple people. First, he admitted to a polygraph examiner that he ―may have
gotten carried away[,] . . . and that he may have reached over and rubbed
[C.S.’s] vagina.‖ He later told the same examiner that he ―did touch [C.S.’s]
vagina over her clothing.‖ Second, he confessed his offense to his
psychotherapist. Third, he made multiple admissions of fondling C.S. to his
15
As argued by appellant, however, it appears that C.S.’s family ―did not
function in terms of court orders.‖
9
community supervision officer and stopped making the admissions only after he
knew that he was facing potential revocation of his community supervision.16
After hearing these facts, the trial court found that appellant had not ―set
forth new facts which unquestionably establish his innocence.‖ On appeal,
appellant argues that he met his burden of showing by clear and convincing
evidence that no rational jury would have convicted him in light of the new
evidence. He challenges the trial court’s decision on a theory that a rational jury
would reconcile C.S.’s and Lori’s testimony by finding that C.S. was willing to
admit to lying about the fondling but was not willing to accept responsibility for
the consequences of those lies. Therefore, he argues that a jury would find that
C.S. cast the blame on Lori to avoid any repercussions that could result from her
recantation.17 Appellant’s theory is interesting and possible, but it was not clearly
and convincingly proven, and it certainly does not unquestionably establish his
innocence. See Mello III, 2011 WL 2611243, at *1. As explained above, even if
Lori had not testified, under the circumstances in this case, including the facts
that appellant had pled guilty and admitted the offense to various people, the trial
judge was entitled to disbelieve C.S.’s later statement and accept her earlier
16
When he testified at the hearing on the State’s petition to revoke his
community supervision, appellant stated that he had lied for two years by
detailing how he had fondled C.S. because he did not want his community
supervision to be revoked.
17
In essence, therefore, appellant suggests that C.S. recanted a false story
by telling another false story.
10
statement as true. See Moreno v. State, 1 S.W.3d 846, 853 (Tex. App.—Corpus
Christi 1999, pet. ref’d).
Based on our review of the law and the record before us, we cannot say
that the trial court abused its discretion by denying appellant’s application for a
writ of habeas corpus. See Mello III, 2011 WL 2611243, at *1, *10. We therefore
overrule appellant’s issues.
Conclusion
Having overruled both issues, we affirm the trial court’s judgment denying
appellant’s application for a writ of habeas corpus.
TERRIE LIVINGSTON
CHIEF JUSTICE
PANEL: LIVINGSTON, C.J.; WALKER and MCCOY, JJ.
DO NOT PUBLISH
Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b)
DELIVERED: August 18, 2011
11