MEMORANDUM OPINION
No. 04-10-00234-CR
Frank DOTSON,
Appellant
v.
The STATE of Texas,
Appellee
From the 290th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas
Trial Court No. 2010-CR-0565
Honorable Sharon MacRae, Judge Presiding
Opinion by: Karen Angelini, Justice
Sitting: Karen Angelini, Justice
Steven C. Hilbig, Justice
Marialyn Barnard, Justice
Delivered and Filed: July 13, 2011
AFFIRMED
Frank Dotson was found guilty of the aggravated assault of Jamie Garnett and was
sentenced to seven years and nine months of imprisonment. He brings two issues on appeal: (1)
the trial court erred in overruling his Rule 403 objection to the admission of a crime scene
videotape; and (2) the trial court erred in denying his motion for mistrial. We affirm.
04-10-00234-CR
BACKGROUND
On the night of August 24, 2007, Dotson was at a bar on Rittiman Road in San Antonio,
Texas, when a fight began inside the bar. The fight began when a man nicknamed “Little” Henry
called Sexie Gardner a “bitch.” Sexie was at the bar with Demetrius Keno, the father of her
child; her friend Shannon; and her friend Rochelle. Hearing what Little Henry called Sexie,
Demetrius began to shout at Little Henry. Meanwhile, a man named Jermaine hit Little Henry on
the head with a pool stick. The bouncer of the bar then told the individuals involved in the fight
to leave the bar. The testimony during trial was not clear how many individuals were told to
leave the bar. Among the people who ended up outside in the parking lot were Little Henry, his
father “Big” Henry, 1 Demetrius Keno, Demetrius’s brother Emile Keno, and Jermaine. At trial,
the bouncer testified that when he escorted Little Henry outside, he told Little Henry to come
back to the bar another day. According to the bouncer, Little Henry was very angry, went to his
vehicle, got a weapon, said “F--- that,” and turned back toward the bouncer, firing three shots.
The bouncer testified that Little Henry got the gun from Dotson’s car. The bouncer quickly went
back inside the bar, turned the lights on, and locked the doors. The bouncer testified that from his
vantage point inside the bar, he then saw Dotson, Danielle Deroven, and a couple of other people
he could not identify shooting towards the cars in the parking lot.
Arthur Randall testified that he had come to the bar with Jamie Garnett, the complainant
in this case, so that they could meet Demetrius and Emile Keno. He saw the fight begin inside
the bar between Little Henry and Jermaine. Randall then followed Demetrius, Emile, and
Jermaine outside to the parking lot. According to Randall, Demetrius told Jermaine that Big
Henry was going to get a gun and that Jermaine should leave. Jermaine followed Demetrius’s
1
The nicknames “Big” and “Little” referred to the ages of the Henrys. Thus, as the older one, the father was referred
to as “Big” Henry, while the younger son was referred to as “Little” Henry.
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advice and left in his car. Randall, Demetrius, and Emile then went to Randall’s work truck, and
Randall got his handgun from his glove compartment and gave it to Demetrius. According to
Randall, his intent was to then leave, but Demetrius told him that Demetrius was going to stay
until he could find Sexie in the bar. Randall then walked around the front of his truck, and saw
Big Henry there with a gun in his hand. Demetrius also had a gun in his hand. According to
Randall, Demetrius then asked Big Henry what he had in his hand. Big Henry replied that he had
the same thing Demetrius had in his hand. Jamie, who had come from somewhere in the parking
lot, then stepped in front of Demetrius and said, “Come on y’all. Y’all don’t need to do this.”
Randall testified that things then seemed better, and he believed the incident to be over. Randall
went to his truck and sat inside. As he was turning over his ignition, he heard gunshots. Randall
testified the gunshots were coming from between the car in front of his and the SUV on the other
side. He saw Demetrius falling back and Jamie duck. Randall then got out of his truck and ran to
the back of the truck. Because Randall was still hearing gunshots, he lay down flat on the
ground. Jamie then ran toward him and kneeled down by him. Jamie told Randall that she had
been shot. Jamie then jumped inside Randall’s truck. According to Randall, he still heard
gunshots. Jamie then got out of the truck and ran toward the entrance of the bar. Randall
followed her in an attempt to make her lay down on the ground. According to Randall, gunshots
were coming from different directions, and he thought he might get hit by one of the bullets. By
the time he got to the entrance, Jamie had already entered the bar. Randall quickly followed.
Jamie Garnett testified that while the fight was breaking out inside the bar, she was
outside in the parking lot selling some cocaine that she had gotten from Jermaine. She was still in
the parking lot when the people involved in the fight came outside. She saw Little Henry walking
on a sidewalk, bleeding from his mouth. She walked towards Randall’s truck when Big Henry
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and Little Henry approached. Big Henry had a gun in his hand. According to Jamie, she never
saw Big Henry or Little Henry shoot the gun. Instead, “in the middle of the conversation,” she
heard “a bunch of rounds,” which caused her, Demetrius, and Emile to drop to the ground. Jamie
estimated that she heard at least twenty to twenty-five gunshots. While lying on the ground,
Jamie and Emile discussed that they would run once the gunshots stopped. There was, however,
no response from Demetrius. Jamie testified that when the gunshots stopped for a moment, she
and Emile tried to get up and run. According to Jamie, as Emile was attempting to get up off the
ground, he was shot twice in the chest. Jamie ran to the back of Randall’s truck and told Randall
that she had been shot. She then jumped into Randall’s truck and realized that she had been shot
in the hand. She continued to hear gunshots, and the gunshots sounded like they were coming
closer to her. So, she jumped back out of the truck and ran toward the bar. According to Jamie,
the gunshots followed her to the door and were ricocheting off the glass on the door. The
bouncer then let her inside the bar. At trial, Jamie identified the appellant, Frank Dotson, as the
man who shot at her. According to Jamie, as she jumped out of Randall’s truck, she saw that the
person shooting at her was Dotson.
At the time of the shooting, Jason Herrick was on the roof of the bar, servicing the
television satellite. Jason heard shouting coming from the parking lot. He heard a woman yell, “I
ain’t no bitch. You don’t call me no bitch.” He then heard several gunshots. According to
Herrick, he slowly approached the edge of the roof to see what was going on. He saw a man
holding a large automatic pistol and saw him fire two rounds toward the parking lot. Herrick then
called the police. Herrick continued to hear more gunshots. At trial, Herrick identified Dotson as
the man who was shooting the gun.
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Edward Wallace, a forensic scientist in the Bexar County Crime Lab’s firearms section,
testified that “three different 9mm caliber pistols . . . were responsible for firing forty-two
cartridge cases” collected at the scene. There were also “two different pistols that were
responsible for firing four 40 caliber cartridge cases.” And, “there was a single 380 automatic
cartridge case,” which was also fired from a pistol, but Wallace could not determine what kind of
gun it was. All together, there were six firearms used at the scene: three 9mm caliber, two 40
caliber, and one 380 automatic.
There were four victims on the night of the incident: Demetrius Keno, Emile Keno, Jamie
Garnett, and a man named Eric Starks. Demetrius and Emile Keno were both killed. Dotson was
not indicted for any involvement with those two murders. Dotson was, however, indicted for the
aggravated assault of Jamie Garnett. Count I of the indictment alleged that he intentionally,
knowingly and recklessly caused serious bodily injury to Jamie Garnett by shooting her with a
deadly weapon, a firearm. Count II alleged that he did use and exhibit a deadly weapon, a
firearm, and that he intentionally, knowingly, and recklessly placed Jamie Garnett in fear of
imminent bodily injury by shooting at her and in her direction with the deadly weapon. Dotson
was acquitted of Count I, but was found guilty with respect to Count II.
ADMISSION OF CRIME SCENE VIDEOTAPE
In his first issue, Dotson argues that the trial court erred in overruling his Rule 403
objection to the admission of State Exhibit 8, a crime scene videotape that, in part, showed the
dead bodies of Demetrius and Emile Keno. Dotson argues that showing these two murdered
individuals, who were not the victims of the charged offense, violated Texas Rule of Evidence
403.
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Rule 403 provides for the exclusion of relevant evidence if “its probative value is
substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading
the jury, or by considerations of undue delay, or needless presentation of cumulative evidence.”
TEX. R. EVID. 403. According to the Texas Rules of Evidence, videotapes are considered in the
same manner as photographs. See TEX. R. EVID. 1001(a). In considering the admissibility of a
silent videotape under Rule 403, a trial court should use the same analysis as it uses for still
photographs. Gordon v. State, 784 S.W.2d 410, 411-12 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990). In determining
whether the probative value of photographs is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair
prejudice, the court may consider the following factors: the number of exhibits offered, their
gruesomeness, their detail, their size, whether they are in color or black and white, whether they
are close-up, and whether the body depicted is clothed or nude. Young v. State, 283 S.W.3d 854,
874 (Tex. Crim. App.), cert. denied, 130 S. Ct. 1015 (2009). A court is not limited by these
factors and may also consider the availability of other means of proof and the circumstances
unique to each individual case. Id. The admissibility of a photograph is within the sound
discretion of the trial court, which we review on appeal for abuse of discretion. Id. at 874-75.
At issue in this case was whether Dotson committed aggravated assault during an
incident involving multiple gunshots, multiple shooters, and multiple victims. State’s Exhibit 8,
the crime scene videotape, was almost an hour in length and contained no audio. It depicted the
investigation of the scene shortly after the shooting. It showed the parking lot where the incident
occurred, the vehicles that were parked there, and all the evidence markers indicating (1) the
various casings and spent bullets that were located at the scene; (2) the bullet holes in vehicles;
(3) blood found at the scene; and (4) the two murdered victims.
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We note that a photograph is generally admissible if verbal testimony about the matters
depicted in the photograph is also admissible. Id. at 875. Here, there was testimony from many
witnesses, without objection, about the events depicted in the crime scene video. The video is
probative of the manner in which Jamie Garnett was shot and gave the jury a three dimensional
perspective in understanding the chaotic sequence of events on the night in question. See
Gordon, 784 S.W.2d at 412-13. Further, the video did not spend an inordinate amount of time
showing the two murdered victims, who were clothed. And, the video was not particularly
gruesome. We find no abuse of discretion by the trial court.
Moreover, even if the trial court had abused its discretion in overruling Dotson’s Rule
403 objection, any error is harmless. See TEX. R. APP. P. 44.2(b). It is well-established that the
improper admission of evidence does not constitute reversible error if the same facts are proved
by other properly admitted evidence. Aguilera v. State, 75 S.W.3d 60, 68 (Tex. App.—San
Antonio 2002, pet. ref’d). Here, not only did many witnesses testify about Demetrius and Emile
Keno being killed during the incident, but two photographs of their dead bodies were admitted in
evidence without objection. Thus, any error in the admission of the videotape is harmless.
MOTION FOR MISTRIAL
In his second issue, Dotson argues the trial court erred in denying his motion for mistrial.
During the guilt-innocence phase of the trial, Dotson called Anthony Hennessee, a witness who
was in the parking lot at the time of the incident. Hennessee testified that he heard more than one
gun firing and that although he did not see the man’s face, the man he saw shooting on the night
of the incident did not look like Dotson “body wise.” In an attempt to impeach Hennessee, the
prosecutor asked Hennessee whether he was on deferred adjudication for indecency with a child
at the time of the incident. Before Hennessee could answer, Dotson’s counsel objected under
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Texas Rule of Evidence 609. The trial court sustained the objection. Dotson’s counsel then
moved to have the trial court instruct the jury to disregard. The trial court instructed the jury to
disregard the question. Dotson’s counsel then moved for a mistrial, which was denied.
We review the trial court’s denial of a motion for mistrial under an abuse of discretion
standard. Webb v. State, 232 S.W.3d 109, 112 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). We view the evidence in
the light most favorable to the trial court’s ruling and uphold the trial court’s ruling if it was
within the zone of reasonable disagreement. Id. We do not substitute our judgment for that of the
trial court, but rather we decide whether the trial court’s decision was arbitrary or unreasonable.
Id. Thus, a trial court abuses its discretion in denying a motion for new trial only when no
reasonable view of the record could support the trial court’s ruling. Id.
Mistrial is an extraordinary remedy appropriate only for “a narrow class of highly
prejudicial and incurable errors.” Wood v. State, 18 S.W.3d 642, 648 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000).
“The determination of whether a given error necessitates a mistrial must be made by examining
the particular facts of the case.” Id. “The asking of an improper question will seldom call for a
mistrial, because, in most cases, any harm can be cured by an instruction to disregard.” Id. “A
mistrial is required only when the improper question is clearly prejudicial to the defendant and is
of such character as to suggest the impossibility of withdrawing the impression produced on the
minds of the jurors.” Id. “Ordinarily, a prompt instruction to disregard will cure error associated
with an improper question and answer, even one regarding extraneous offenses.” Ovalle v. State,
13 S.W.3d 774, 783 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000).
Here, the State concedes that the prosecutor’s question was improper under Rule 609.
However, it argues that the trial court’s instruction cured any harm. We agree. The prosecutor’s
question was quickly objected to, the witness did not answer the question, and the trial court
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quickly instructed the jury to disregard. The prosecutor did not mention anything related to the
question again. Further, Dotson was acquitted of Count I of the indictment, indicating that the
jury was not overcome by emotions, making a distinction between Count I and Count II of the
indictment. We therefore find no abuse of discretion by the trial court.
CONCLUSION
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Karen Angelini, Justice
DO NOT PUBLISH
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