No. 3–09–0743
____________________________________________________________________________
Filed June 7, 2010
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
THIRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT
A.D., 2010
RACHEL PETERSON, ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
Administrator of the Estate of ) of the 10th Judicial Circuit,
Jacob H. Terhorst, Deceased, ) Peoria County, Illinois,
)
Plaintiff-Appellant, )
)
v. ) No. 09–L–4
)
RESIDENTIAL ALTERNATIVES OF ) Honorable
ILLINOIS, INC., an Illinois Corporation, ) Joe R. Vespa,
) Judge, Presiding.
Defendant-Appellee, )
)
(Edwin Enterprises, L.L.C.; Donald E. Fike; )
Anthony James Fike Trust, Dated 11/6/90; )
Aaron Mitchell Fike Trust, Dated 11/6/90; )
Suzanne Elizabeth Fike Trust, Dated )
11/6/90; RFMS, Inc., a Foreign Corporation;)
The Methodist Medical Center of Illinois, )
a Corporation; and Michael Koeppen, )
)
Respondents in Discovery). )
______________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE WRIGHT delivered the opinion of the court:
______________________________________________________________________________
Initially, Ann Bonomo filed a two-count complaint against defendant on January 7, 2009.
Thereafter, Bonomo filed a first amended complaint against defendant on May 8, 2009, alleging
one count of violations of the Illinois Nursing Home Care Act (210 ILCS 45/1-101 et seq. (West
2006)) and one count of wrongful death. On June 1, 2009, defendant filed a motion to dismiss
and compel arbitration. On September 3, 2009, the trial court found, “[a]s a matter of law the
arbitration agreement controls” between the parties. The court dismissed Bonomo’s first
amended complaint and ordered the parties to participate in arbitration. Bonomo filed an appeal
on September 17, 2009. On January 7, 2010, this court granted Bonomo’s motion to substitute
Rachel Peterson as plaintiff-appellant. Plaintiff Peterson and defendant are the only parties to
this appeal.
FACTS
On January 7, 2009, Ann Bonomo (plaintiff), as executor of the estate of Jacob H.
Terhorst (Terhorst), filed a two-count complaint against defendant Residential Alternatives of
Illinois, Inc. (defendant), alleging a survival action count and a wrongful death count. Counsel,
on behalf of defendant, filed an appearance with the court on January 22, 2009, and demanded a
trial by jury. On February 20, 2009, defendant filed an answer to plaintiff’s complaint denying
the claims against defendant, seeking judgment in defendant’s favor, and demanding a jury trial.
On March 13, 2009, plaintiff filed a motion for leave to file a first amended complaint
which the trial court granted on May 8, 2009. Count I of plaintiff’s first amended complaint
alleged a survival action pursuant to the Illinois Nursing Home Care Act (210 ILCS 45/1-101 et
seq. (West 2006)) (Act). Plaintiff claimed that Terhorst was 92 years old on November 29, 2006.
On that day, Terhorst became a resident of Hawthorne Manor, now known as Manor Court of
Peoria (Manor). The count alleged that Manor was a nursing care facility as defined by the Act
and that from November 29, 2006, until at least June 2, 2007, defendant owned and licensed
Manor within the meaning of the Act.
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Plaintiff further alleged in count I that Terhorst remained a resident at Manor from
November 29, 2006, until June 2, 2007, and that on June 2, 2007, Terhorst died. During that
time, Manor charged Terhorst monies to provide Terhorst with medical care, personal care and a
residence.
Plaintiff claimed that defendant committed one or more negligent acts or omissions
within the meaning of the Act, failed to provide adequate care to Terhorst, and neglected and
abused Terhorst. As a result of these actions, Terhorst suffered injuries, mental and physical
pain, anguish and medical costs. Plaintiff sought compensatory damages in excess of $50,000
and attorney fees.
Count II of the first amended complaint realleged most of the same allegations as count I.
Further, count II alleged that as a result of defendant’s acts or omissions, Terhorst was injured
and ultimately died. Count II sought damages suffered by Terhorst’s next of kin in excess of
$50,000 and costs.
On May 19, 2009, defendant filed an answer to plaintiff’s first amended complaint.
Defendant denied any negligent acts or omissions and denied causing any injury to Terhorst or
his next of kin. Defendant sought judgment in its favor and demanded a jury trial.
On June 1, 2009, defendant filed a motion to dismiss and compel arbitration. The motion
to dismiss was filed pursuant to section 2-619(a)(9) of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS
5/2-619(a)(9) (West 2008)) and included an attached exhibit. The exhibit contained two separate
documents. The first document contained the heading “CONTRACT.” The second document
was entitled “Arbitration Agreement.” Both documents, attached as exhibit A to the motion to
dismiss, were dated November 29, 2006. Each document contained the signature of the legal
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representative of Terhorst and the signature of a facility representative for defendant.
The contract began with the following language:
“CONTRACT
Between
Resident and Manor Court (Facility Name) and legal representative
for the responsibilities and rights of the parties with respect to the
Residents stay at the facility.”
The first page of this document identified the name of the resident, Jacob Terhorst, the
responsible party, Ann Bonomo, and the admission date of November 29, 2006. The bottom of
the first page of the document also indicated that the contract consisted of seven pages.
The first 23 paragraphs of the 7-page document, marked A through W, described the
room and board, late payments, types of government programs for payments, ancillary charges,
resident’s right to choose a physician, pharmacy and independent providers, discharge and
termination of contract terms, personal belongings, services, deposits and refunds, and
indemnification. Thereafter, the document identified the daily rate for rooms and finance
charges.
On page six of the contract, the language contained in the document set forth policies and
additional information including treatment refusal, rules and regulations, overnight leave,
smoking policy, room assignments and policies on valuables. The document ended with
signature lines for the resident, legal representative and the facility representative.
The second document, attached as exhibit A, to the motion to dismiss was entitled
“Arbitration Agreement.” This document began with the following language: “Without limiting
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any rights set forth in other provisions of this AGREEMENT, any and all disputes arising
hereunder shall be submitted to binding arbitration and not to a court for determination.” In the
next paragraph, the document stated:
“Notwithstanding the parties intent to submit any
controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this
AGREEMENT or any other document signed or initialed in
connection with this AGREEMENT to arbitration, in the event that
a court of competent jurisdiction shall determine or a relevant law
shall provide that a particular dispute is not subject to the
arbitration provisions of this Section, then the parties agree to the
following provisions:
a. Each party believes that justice will be served if issues
regarding this AGREEMENT are heard by a judge in a court
proceeding, and not a jury, and each party hereby waives their right
to a trial by jury. ***
b. The party prevailing in such dispute shall be entitled to
recover all costs incurred ***.”
Signature lines immediately followed for the resident, the resident’s representative and the
facility representative.
On August 10, 2009, plaintiff filed a response and motion to strike defendant’s motion to
dismiss and compel arbitration. Plaintiff denied that an enforceable agreement existed which
required the arbitration of disputes regarding services provided under the nursing home care
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contract. Alternatively, plaintiff also claimed that defendant waived its right to arbitration by
answering the first amended complaint and, thereafter, participating in the court proceedings.
Additionally, plaintiff submitted public policy barred any attempt to cause an individual to waive
his or her rights under the Act. On August 18, 2009, defendant filed a reply to plaintiff’s
response and motion to strike.
On August 25, 2009, the trial court entered a written order. This order indicated that,
having heard the arguments of counsel on defendant’s motion to dismiss and compel arbitration,
the trial court elected to take the matter under advisement. On September 3, 2009, the trial court
entered a written order that concluded “[a]s a matter of law the arbitration agreement controls.”
The trial court granted defendant’s motion and dismissed plaintiff’s complaint. The trial court
ordered that the “Parties shall proceed to Arbitration.”
On September 17, 2009, plaintiff filed a notice of appeal. On January 7, 2010, this court
granted Bonomo’s motion to substitute Rachel Peterson as plaintiff-appellant. Plaintiff Peterson
and defendant are the only parties to this appeal.
ANALYSIS
In this appeal, plaintiff asserts the trial court erroneously found that the arbitration
agreement (Agreement) controlled all disputes stemming from the nursing home care contract.
First, plaintiff argues that the Agreement is unenforceable. Second, plaintiff argues that the
Agreement was void at the time of execution pursuant to the Illinois Nursing Home Care Act,
existing Illinois case law, and public policy. Next, plaintiff claims defendant waived all claims
to assert federal preemption, and defendant did not properly perfect its right to arbitration.
Finally, plaintiff argues that count II of the first amended complaint is based on negligence
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claims asserted by Terhorst’s next of kin who were not parties to either the nursing home care
contract or the Agreement.
On appeal, defendant argues that the trial court properly determined the Agreement
controlled controversies arising out of the nursing home care contract. Defendant claims that the
language of the Agreement is clear, conscionable and binding. Defendant submits, based on
recent case law, that the Act is preempted by federal law, denies waiving its right to arbitration,
and asserts plaintiff interfered with defendant’s contractual right to arbitration.
Standard of Review
Initially, we note that the parties disagree as to the proper standard of review. Plaintiff
asserts that since the trial court ruled on a question of law and granted a motion to compel
arbitration, this court should review the trial court’s ruling de novo. Defendant asserts that the
trial “implicitly made” factual findings that both documents should be considered as one uniform
contractual agreement. Defendant claims those implicit findings were not against the manifest
weight of the evidence in this case.
First, we reject the notion that the trial court made implicit findings of fact in this case.
The record does not establish that the court conducted an evidentiary hearing on the motion to
dismiss or the motion to compel arbitration. When a trial court does not hold an evidentiary
hearing and enters an order in the absence of any factual findings, a trial court’s decision to grant
a motion to compel arbitration is reviewed de novo. Vassilkovska v. Woodfield Nissan, Inc. 358
Ill. App. 3d 20, 24 (2005); Peregrine Financials & Securities v. Hakakha, 338 Ill. App. 3d 197,
202 (2003).
It is also well established that trial court orders granting section 2-619 (735 ILCS 5/2-619
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(West 2008)) motions to dismiss are reviewed de novo. Progressive Insurance Co. v. Williams,
379 Ill. App. 3d 541, 544 (2008); Karris v. US Equities Development, Inc., 376 Ill. App. 3d 544,
549 (2007). Consequently, we review the trial court’s decision granting defendant’s section 2-
619 motion to dismiss, as well as defendant’s motion to compel arbitration de novo.
Nursing Home Care Contract
In this appeal, we must review the trial court’s decision based on the contents of this
record, which is limited to the language contained within the four corners of each document.
Both the nursing home care contract and the Agreement were executed and signed by the parties
on November 29, 2006. The parties do not dispute that the contract pertaining to Terhorst’s
nursing home care was unambiguous, complete, and enforceable as written. However, the parties
strenuously dispute whether the terms of the separate Agreement apply to resolve all
controversies arising out of the nursing home care contract in this case.
Illinois has adopted the Uniform Arbitration Act. 710 ILCS 5/1 et seq. (West 2008). An
agreement to arbitrate is a matter of contract. Salsitz v. Kreiss, 198 Ill. 2d 1, 13 (2001).
Individual state contract law determines whether the parties actually agreed to arbitrate future
disputes. Bess v. DirecTV, Inc., 381 Ill. App. 3d 229, 234 (2008). Plaintiff asserts the parties
did not agree to arbitrate future disputes relating to the nursing home care contract. Without
referring this court to any specific case law, defendant submits that the two separate documents
in this case should be construed together as one unified agreement simply because the documents
were executed on the same date by the same parties.
Our research reveals that separate instruments executed at the same time, by the same
parties, and for the same purpose are regarded as one contract under certain circumstances.
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Gallagher v. Lenart, 226 Ill. 2d 208, 233 (2007). However, defendant does not provide any
authority to this court demonstrating that this principle has been extended to separate documents,
executed on the same date, when neither document clearly refers to or expressly incorporates the
other document.
Our supreme court has held that documents executed on the same date may not operate as
one unified agreement when “a contrary contention is manifested.” Sandra Frocks, Inc. v. Ziff,
397 Ill. 497, 504 (1947). Parties may not incorporate another agreement into a contract without
an express “reference” demonstrating an intent to incorporate another agreement into the
contract. See McWhorter v. Realty World-Star, Inc., 171 Ill. App. 3d 588, 592 (1988). The rules
of contract construction include a strong presumption against adding conditions or provisions
that could have been easily included by the parties as terms of the contract, but were not.
Braeside Realty Trust v. Cimino, 133 Ill. App. 3d 1009, 1011 (1985).
In this case, arbitration is not the only topic addressed in the separate two-page
agreement. First, the Agreement describes the detailed process for arbitration. Alternatively, the
Agreement explicitly goes on to require that if a court determines the arbitration provisions are
unenforceable, then both parties agree to waive the right to a trial by jury.
In Illinois, the Nursing Home Care Act prohibits dispute resolution regarding nursing
home care by means other than a trial by jury (210 ILCS 45/3-606, 3-607 (2006)). At the time
the parties signed the separate documents in this case, our supreme court had not issued its
decision in Carter v. SSC Odin Operating Co., No. 106511 (April 15, 2010). In that decision,
our supreme court held that the Federal Arbitration Act (9 U.S.C. §2 (2000)) preempted the anti-
waiver provisions contained in the Illinois Nursing Home Care Act provided that the contract
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was subject to the other terms of the Federal Arbitration Act, including whether the contract
involved interstate commerce. In this case, the parties are presumed to know the status of the law
at the time of their agreement. See Braeside Realty Trust v. Cimino, 133 Ill. App. 3d at 1012.
At the time of their agreement pertaining to nursing home care for Terhorst, the parties
could have easily utilized terminology requiring arbitration, but they did not incorporate this
language into the nursing home care contract. In fact, the seven-page nursing home care contract,
dated November 29, 2006, specifically states that the nursing home care contract consists of
seven pages. Within those seven pages, the nursing home care contract does not restrict litigation
to nonjury trials or require arbitration.
We construe this silence as deliberate, intended, and consistent with both existing case
law at the time of the agreement and the provisions of the Act (210 ILCS 45/3-606, 3-607 (West
2006)). Based on the circumstances of this case, we conclude that the conspicuous absence of
language requiring arbitration constitutes “a contrary contention” that defeats defendant’s request
for this court to construe both documents executed on the same date as one agreement. See
Sandra Frocks, Inc. v. Ziff, 397 Ill. at 504.
In the interest of engaging in a thorough examination of this issue, we next consider
whether the Agreement creates a separate and independent contractual obligation to arbitrate all
controversies arising out of the nursing home care. The separate, two-page Agreement begins
with the following introductory language:
“Without limiting any rights set forth in other provisions of this AGREEMENT,
any and all disputes arising hereunder shall be submitted to binding arbitration
and not to a court for determination.” (Emphasis added.)
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Based upon the plain language utilized by the parties, we conclude the phrase “this
AGREEMENT ” refers to the arbitration agreement. While circular, clearly this language does
not discuss the nursing home care contract as the identified source for controversies subject to
required arbitration.
The second paragraph of the Agreement provides:
“Notwithstanding the parties intent to submit any controversy or claim
arising out of or relating to this AGREEMENT or any other document signed or
initialed in connection with this AGREEMENT to arbitration, in the event that a
court of competent jurisdiction shall determine or a relevant law shall provide that
a particular dispute is not subject to the arbitration provisions of this Section, then
the parties agree to the following provisions:
a. Each party believes that justice will be served if issues
regarding this AGREEMENT are heard by a judge in a court
proceeding, and not a jury, and each party hereby waives their right
to a trial by jury.”
The language “any other document signed or initialed in connection with this AGREEMENT” is
circuitous but, again, not uncertain. Since neither the nursing home care contract nor the
Agreement incorporates or refers to the other, we are unable to conclude that the nursing home
care contract for Terhorst’s nursing home care was “signed or initialed in connection with this
[arbitration] AGREEMENT.”
The case law provides that an enforceable contract must be premised on language that is
definite and certain as to all essential terms. Academy Chicago Publishers v. Cheever, 144 Ill. 2d
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24, 30 (1991). Thus, we conclude the Agreement does not contain a clearly expressed intent to
arbitrate controversies arising out of the separate nursing care contract. Based on this conclusion,
it is not necessary to address the other claims of error raised by plaintiff in this appeal.
CONCLUSION
The judgment of the circuit court of Peoria County dismissing plaintiff’s first amended
complaint and ordering the parties to participate in arbitration is reversed. Plaintiff’s first
amended complaint is reinstated, and the cause is remanded to the trial court for further
proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Reversed and remanded.
HOLDRIDGE, P.J., and CARTER, J., concur.
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