People v. Inman

NO. 5-08-0221
NOTICE

Decision filed 02/17/11. The text of
IN THE
this decision may be changed or

corrected prior to the filing of a
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
Peti tion for Rehearing or th e

disposition of the same.
FIFTH DISTRICT

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from the
) Circuit Court of
Plaintiff-Appellee, ) St. Clair County.
)
v. ) No. 85-CF-181
)
THOMAS G. INM AN, ) Honorable
) Brian Babka,
Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, presiding.

PRESIDING JUSTICE CHAPMAN delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Justices Goldenhersh and Stewart concurred in the judgment and opinion.

OPINION

The defendant, Thomas G. Inman, appeals the first-stage dismissal of his

postconviction petition. The defendant was originally convicted in 1985 of one count each

of murder and attempted murder. He was sentenced to natural life in prison for the murder

and 30 years for the attempted murder, to be served concurrently. The defendant

subsequently filed a postconviction petition challenging the natural-life sentence on Apprendi

grounds (Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000)). The circuit court vacated that

sentence and resentenced the defendant. The defendant's current petition challenges the

sentences imposed after the resentencing, on the basis of double jeopardy. The circuit court

dismissed the petition because the defendant did not obtain leave of the court to file a

successive petition. On appeal, the defendant argues that his petition was not a successive

petition because it was the first petition directed at the order imposing a new sentence in

2006. We reverse.

In 1985, the defendant was charged with murder, attempted murder, and armed

1
violence. The charges stemmed from a fight that occurred after the defendant and two of his

friends were involved in an argument at a bar. The defendant and his friends left the bar and

waited outside in their vehicle for the victim and his friend to leave. They then followed the

victim and his friend and forced their car off the road. In the ensuing fight, the victim was

stabbed multiple times and died of his injuries. His friend sustained serious injuries but

survived.

The defendant was convicted on all three charges, and the court sentenced him to

natural life in prison for the murder and 30 years for the attempted murder, to be served

concurrently. The court did not impose a sentence for the armed violence charge, finding

that it merged with the murder conviction, but the court did not vacate the conviction on that

charge. On direct appeal, this court vacated the armed violence conviction but affirmed the

convictions on the remaining two charges. People v. Inman, No. 5-85-0632 (Sept. 25, 1987)

(unpublished order under Supreme Court Rule 23 (eff. Apr. 1, 1982)).

In 1988, the defendant filed his first petition under the Post-Conviction Hearing Act

(Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 38, par. 122-1 et seq. (now 725 ILCS 5/122-1 et seq. (West 2008))).

In it, he alleged that he received ineffective assistance of counsel, his conviction resulted

from perjured testimony, and newly discovered exculpatory evidence required that he be

given a new trial. The court denied the petition after a hearing. The defendant appealed, and

this court affirmed that ruling. People v. Inman, No. 5-89-0863 (Mar. 12, 1992)

(unpublished order under Supreme Court Rule 23 (eff. Jan. 1, 1989)).

In 1992, the defendant filed a second postconviction petition, challenging only his

original sentence. This petition was dismissed on the grounds that it was a successive

petition filed without leave of the court. The defendant appealed, and this court affirmed the

court's order dismissing the petition. People v. Inman, No. 5-92-0877 (Apr. 20, 1994)

(unpublished order under Supreme Court Rule 23 (eff. Jan. 1, 1989)).

2
 In August 2000, the defendant filed a petition for relief from judgment pursuant to

section 2-1401 of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2-1401 (West 1998)), which the

court treated as a postconviction petition. This time, the defendant challenged his natural-life

sentence on the basis of the United States Supreme Court's ruling in Apprendi v. New Jersey,

530 U.S. 466 (2000), which had recently been decided.

On June 21, 2001, the circuit court entered an order finding that the sentence violated

the rule of Apprendi. The sentence was based on the trial judge's finding that the murder had

been committed in a heinous and brutal manner, a finding which, under Apprendi, could

support an extended-term sentence only if it was made by a finder of fact beyond a

reasonable doubt. The circuit court vacated the defendant's sentences and noted that there

were two options: the State could retry the defendant and again seek an extended-term

sentence of natural life in prison if the jury made the requisite finding beyond a reasonable

doubt, or the court could instead simply hold a new sentencing hearing. The court directed

the State to notify the court and the defendant of which option it intended to pursue. The

court also noted that if the State chose the option to seek only a new sentencing hearing, the

court would need to determine whether the sentencing laws in effect in 1985 gave the court

the discretion to impose consecutive sentences.

On August 30, 2001, the State filed a motion to reconsider that ruling, which the court

denied. The State then appealed; however, its appeal was dismissed for a lack of jurisdiction

on the basis that it was not timely filed. People v. Inman, No. 5-01-0741 (Sept. 8, 2003)

(unpublished order under Supreme Court Rule 23 (eff. July 1, 1994)).

Shortly after its appeal was dismissed, the State filed a notice of its intent to seek only

a new sentencing hearing. In May 2004, the parties submitted memoranda addressing the

issue of the court's discretion to impose consecutive sentences. The State's arguments

focused on statutory authority; however, the defendant's pro se memorandum argued that

3
imposing a consecutive sentence would violate principles of double jeopardy and ex post

facto. On May 28, 2004, the court held a hearing in the matter and entered an order ruling

that it did have discretion to impose consecutive sentences. At the hearing, the defendant,

through counsel, announced that he intended to file a motion to dismiss the charge of

attempted murder on the grounds that the sentence had been fully served, taking into account

credit for good behavior that was available under the 1985 sentencing laws. The parties

agreed to continue the sentencing hearing to allow the defendant to file the motion and the

State to respond.

On June 4, 2004, the defendant filed the motion to dismiss. On June 18, 2004, the

State filed a response. The State pointed out that the circuit court's ruling vacated only the

natural-life sentence for murder and did not address the 30-year sentence for attempted

murder. The State thus argued that the defendant's real argument was that principles of

double jeopardy would be violated by imposing a consecutive sentence on the murder charge

in light of the time the defendant had already served in prison. The court held a hearing on

the matter on June 25, 2004.

On July 16, 2004, the court entered an order finding that imposing consecutive

sentences would not violate double jeopardy protections. The defendant filed two appeals

from this ruling, each of which was dismissed for a lack of jurisdiction on the basis of

untimeliness. People v. Inman, No. 5-04-0641 (Jan. 10, 2005) (unpublished order); People

v. Inman, No. 5-05-0650 (Jan. 30, 2006) (unpublished order). (We note that it is not clear

why the second appeal was filed, and the defendant stated in the petition underlying this

appeal that it was filed by counsel without his knowledge.)

The resentencing hearing took place on July 24, 2006. At this point, the defendant

had already served 21 years in prison. The court sentenced the defendant to 35 years'

imprisonment on the murder conviction, to be served consecutively to the attempted-murder

4
sentence. The court ordered the defendant to be given credit for time already served.

The defendant filed a direct appeal, challenging the consecutive sentences as an abuse

of the court's discretion. He did not raise the double jeopardy issue. This court affirmed the

sentences on August 28, 2007. People v. Inman, No. 5-06-0422 (Aug. 28, 2007)

(unpublished Rule 23 order).

On January 16, 2008, the defendant filed the pro se postconviction petition that forms

the basis of this appeal. In his petition, the defendant raised two issues. First, he argued that

appellate counsel was ineffective for failing to raise the issue of double jeopardy on direct

appeal. In contending that the consecutive sentences violated double jeopardy principles, he

argued that because the original sentences were concurrent, the 21 years he served in prison

prior to the resentencing hearing should have been credited against both sentences. He

further argued that under the sentencing laws in effect in 1985, he would have been entitled

to credit for good behavior in prison. Thus, he reasoned, both sentences would have been

fully served before 2006.

In addition, the defendant argued that appellate counsel was ineffective for failing to

argue that the trial testimony of the murder victim's friend and a statement of one of the

jurors indicated that the jury never intended to convict him of the attempted murder. We

note that he does not continue to press this claim on appeal.

On February 7, 2008, the court entered an order finding that the petition had been

"filed on January 16, 2008," and assigning it to Judge Babka for further proceedings. On

March 26, 2008, Judge Babka dismissed the defendant's petition, finding that it was a

successive petition filed without obtaining leave of the court. This appeal followed.

The defendant argues that the instant case does not involve a successive petition. In

essence, he contends that the July 2006 order imposing a 35-year sentence for his murder

conviction, to be served consecutively to his previously imposed sentence for attempted

5
murder, was a final judgment distinct from the final judgment in 1985 that imposed the

original sentences in this case. In support of his position, he cites People v. Woods, 193 Ill.

2d 483, 739 N.E.2d 493 (2000). That case involved the timeliness of a single petition for

postconviction relief filed after the entry of a single order sentencing the defendant. At issue

was the statutory requirement that the petition be filed within three years of the date of the

conviction. Woods, 193 Ill. 2d at 486, 739 N.E.2d at 494-95 (relying on 725 ILCS 5/122-

1(c) (West Supp. 1997)).

There, the defendant pled guilty to murder, and the court entered an order accepting

his guilty plea on July 26, 1994. The court sentenced the defendant on February 7, 1995.

Woods, 193 Ill. 2d at 485, 739 N.E.2d at 494. Thus, if the date of the guilty pleas was the

date of the conviction, the deadline for filing a timely postconviction petition would have

been July 26, 1997. If, on the other hand, the date of the conviction was the date the

sentence was imposed, the deadline would have been February 7, 1998. Woods, 193 Ill. 2d

at 486, 739 N.E.2d at 495. The defendant filed his postconviction petition between these two

dates, on August 7, 1997. Woods, 193 Ill. 2d at 485, 739 N.E.2d at 494.

The State argued that the date of the conviction was the date on which the court

accepted the defendant's guilty plea, which made the petition untimely. The defendant, by

contrast, argued that the date of the conviction was the date on which the court imposed the

sentence, thus making his petition timely. Woods, 193 Ill. 2d at 486, 739 N.E.2d at 495. In

resolving these arguments, the supreme court first noted that either interpretation was

reasonable. Woods, 193 Ill. 2d at 487, 739 N.E.2d at 495. The court then explained that the

term "conviction" had been construed to mean each of these dates in different contexts.

Woods, 193 Ill. 2d at 487-88, 739 N.E.2d at 495. Ultimately, the court found that, in the

context of the Post-Conviction Hearing Act, the date of the conviction should be construed

to mean the date of the sentence. Woods, 193 Ill. 2d at 488-89, 739 N.E.2d at 496.

6
 We do not find that Woods answers the precise question before us. Here, the parties

agree that the date of the conviction is the date on which the sentence was imposed; the

question is whether the sentence imposed in 2006 constitutes a separate order of conviction.

If so, no previous petition has been filed attacking the order of conviction the defendant's

current petition challenges. We are aware of no case that squarely addresses this question.

We find guidance, however, in the case of People v. Hager, 202 Ill. 2d 143, 780 N.E.2d 1094

(2002).

Hager, like Woods, involved the timeliness of a single petition for postconviction

relief. That question, however, arose in a procedural context that makes its analysis far more

relevant to the question before us. There, a defendant filed a direct appeal challenging both

his convictions and his sentences. The appellate court affirmed his convictions but vacated

his sentences and remanded to the trial court for resentencing. Hager, 202 Ill. 2d at 145, 780

N.E.2d at 1095. After the trial court sentenced him on remand, the defendant again

appealed. This time, the appellate court affirmed the new sentences. Hager, 202 Ill. 2d at

145-46, 780 N.E.2d at 1095. The defendant then filed a petition for postconviction relief.

Hager, 202 Ill. 2d at 146, 780 N.E.2d at 1095. Thus, Hager, like the instant case, involved

two different sentencing orders, one entered after the other had been vacated.

As previously mentioned, the issue there was the timeliness of the defendant's

postconviction petition. The Post-Conviction Hearing Act provides three different

limitations periods. A petition must be filed by the date on which the earliest limitations

period runs. 725 ILCS 5/122-1(c) (W est 2008). In Hager, the applicable limitations period

was six months after the date the defendant filed a petition for leave to appeal or the date for

filing that petition if none was filed. The question before the court was whether that period

began to run after his first appeal or his second appeal. Hager, 202 Ill. 2d at 149, 780

N.E.2d at 1096-97. Although this is not the same issue we face in this case, we find the

7
rationale underlying the Hager court's decision to be applicable.

The supreme court noted that when the appellate court issued its decision in the

defendant's first appeal, it vacated his sentence. "Therefore," the court explained, "on that

date, [the] defendant did not stand 'convicted' for purposes of the Post-Conviction Hearing

Act." Hager, 202 Ill. 2d at 149, 780 N.E.2d at 1097. The court further explained as follows:

"As its name suggests, the Post-Conviction Hearing Act provides a remedy only for

those defendants who stand convicted. The relief afforded by the Act is limited to a

'person imprisoned in the penitentiary who asserts that in the proceedings which

resulted in his or her conviction there was a substantial denial of his or her rights

under the Constitution of the United States or of the State of Illinois or both.'

(Emphasis added.) 725 ILCS 5/122-1(a) (West 2000). In other words, a defendant

who is not 'convicted' cannot file a post-conviction petition. Thus, even had [the]

defendant wished to file a post-conviction petition following the first appeal, he could

not have done so; he simply had no 'conviction' to challenge." Hager, 202 Ill. 2d at

149, 780 N.E.2d at 1097.

Consistent with this reasoning, we conclude that the order entered in 2006 sentencing the

defendant to consecutive terms on remand constituted a separate "conviction" for purposes

of the Post-Conviction Hearing Act. The defendant here did not challenge–and could not

have challenged–the proceedings that resulted in the 2006 order until the court entered that

order because they had yet to occur. This is true even though the defendant could

challenge–and did challenge–the proceedings leading to the 1985 judgment prior to the

circuit court's order vacating that judgment in 2001.

The State argues that Hager is distinguishable because the court there "simply held

that the defendant's conviction did not become final until both the conviction and sentence

became final by conclusion of direct review." (Emphasis in original.) We disagree. The

8
court's reasoning focused heavily on the fact that the first order of conviction had been

vacated. Absent that fact, even a direct appeal would not have tolled the time period for

filing a postconviction petition. See People v. Harris, 224 Ill. 2d 115, 127, 862 N.E.2d 960,

968 (2007) (quoting People v. Partee, 125 Ill. 2d 24, 35, 530 N.E.2d 460, 465 (1988)). We

conclude that the petition at issue is the first petition filed by the defendant challenging the

2006 order of conviction including the sentence. Thus, the defendant did not require leave

of the court to file it.

The defendant raises one additional argument regarding the procedure to be followed

on remand. He correctly points out that a court is required to review a petition within 90

days to determine whether it is frivolous and patently without merit. If the court does not

dismiss the petition pursuant to this provision within that time frame, the court must docket

the petition for further proceedings. 725 ILCS 5/122-2.1(a)(2) (West 2006). The defendant

contends that these provisions are applicable here. Thus, he contends, because the court did

not dismiss the petition within 90 days of its filing, the court must appoint counsel and

docket the matter for further proceedings. See Harris, 224 Ill. 2d at 129, 862 N.E.2d at 969;

People v. Carter, 383 Ill. App. 3d 795, 798, 892 N.E.2d 1082, 1085 (2008). We agree.

In Harris, the supreme court explained in dicta that a trial court must docket a

postconviction petition for second-stage proceedings if it fails to comply with the statutory

requirement that it examine the petition within 90 days to determine whether it is frivolous

or patently without merit. This is so even where the court's failure to timely make this

determination results from an erroneous conclusion that the postconviction petition may not

proceed at the same time as a direct appeal. Harris, 224 Ill. 2d at 129, 862 N.E.2d at 969.

In Carter, the trial court mistakenly treated a first postconviction petition as a successive

petition. The appeals court noted that the trial court was likely confused by the defendant's

simultaneously pending petition for collateral relief in a different case. That petition, styled

9
as a "motion for declaratory judgment," was aimed at a prior conviction in a different case,

but it involved the same defendant and victim. Carter, 383 Ill. App. 3d at 798, 892 N.E.2d

at 1085. Here, the court did not determine the petition to be frivolous or patently without

merit within 90 days, because it concluded that the petition was successive. We see no

meaningful distinction between this error and the error described in Harris or the honest

mistake made by the trial court in Carter. We therefore conclude that, on remand, the

petition must be docketed for second-stage proceedings.

Accordingly, we reverse the trial court's order dismissing the defendant's petition and

remand for further proceedings consistent with this decision.

Reversed; cause remanded.

10
 NO. 5-08-0221

IN THE

APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

FIFTH DISTRICT
___________________________________________________________________________________

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from the
) Circuit Court of
Plaintiff-Appellee, ) St. Clair County.
)
v. ) No. 85-CF-181
)
THOMAS G. INM AN, ) Honorable
) Brian Babka,
Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, presiding.
___________________________________________________________________________________

Opinion Filed: February 17, 2011
___________________________________________________________________________________

Justices: Honorable Melissa A. Chapman, P.J.

Honorable Richard P. Goldenhersh, J., and
Honorable Bruce D. Stewart, J.,
Concur
___________________________________________________________________________________

Attorneys Michael J. Pelletier, State Appellate Defender, Charles M. Schiedel, Deputy Defender,
for Duane E. Schuster, Assistant Defender, Office of the State Appellate Defender,
Appellant Supreme Court Unit, 400 West Monroe, Suite 303, P.O. Box 5240, Springfield, IL
62705-5240
__________________________________________________________________________________

Attorneys Hon. Robert Haida, State's Attorney, St. Clair County Courthouse, 10 Public Square,
for Belleville, IL 62220, Patrick Delfino, Director, Stephen E. Norris, Deputy Director,
Appellee Sharon Shanahan, Contract Attorney, Office of The State's Attorneys Appellate
Prosecutor, 730 East Illinois Highway 15, Suite 2, P.O. Box 2249, Mt. Vernon, IL
62864
___________________________________________________________________________________