People v. Taylor

No. 2--05--0400 filed: 11/7/06
_____________________________________________________________________

IN THE

APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

SECOND DISTRICT
_____________________________________________________________________

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
OF ILLINOIS, ) of Winnebago County.
)
Plaintiff-Appellee, )
)
v. ) No. 03--CF--2811
)
GILBERT E. TAYLOR, ) Honorable
) Joseph G. McGraw,
Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding.
_____________________________________________________________________

JUSTICE BYRNE delivered the opinion of the court:

Defendant, Gilbert E. Taylor, pleaded guilty to aggravated battery (720 ILCS

5/12--4(a), (e) (West 2002)), a Class 3 felony, and criminal trespass to a residence (720

ILCS 5/19--4(a)(2), (b)(2) (West 2002)), a Class 4 felony, and was sentenced to 30

months' probation. Later, the trial court revoked his probation and imposed concurrent

extended-term sentences of 10 years' imprisonment with credit for 436 days served.

After the trial court declined to reconsider the sentences, defendant appealed.

On appeal, defendant contends that (1) the extended-term sentences must be

vacated because the record does not show that, when he pleaded guilty, he knew that

extended-term sentencing was possible for either offense; (2) he was ineligible for an

extended-term sentence for criminal trespass to a residence; (3) even if he was eligible

for an extended-term sentence for criminal trespass to a residence, the sentence
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imposed exceeds the statutory maximum; and (4) he is entitled to an extra day of credit

for time served against his sentences. The State confesses error on all but the first

contention. We vacate the extended-term sentences, impose the maximum

nonextended-term sentences, grant defendant an extra day of sentencing credit, and

otherwise affirm the judgment.

On January 12, 2004, at a hearing at which Judge Kathryn E. Zenoff presided,

the parties presented an agreement under which defendant would plead guilty to

aggravated battery and criminal trespass to a residence, the State would dismiss a

charge of home invasion (720 ILCS 5/12--11(a)(2) (West 2002)), and the parties would

recommend a sentence of 30 months' probation. In the course of admonishing

defendant, Judge Zenoff recited the charge of aggravated battery, then stated:

"That is a Class 3 felony. That is punishable by probation and a term in

the Winnebago County Jail of up to 6 months and a fine up [sic] $25,000.

It is also punishable by a term in prison of 2 to 5 years in the Department

of Corrections. If extended term applies, it's 2 to 10 years. The period of parole,

mandatory supervised release, is one year. Do you understand the range of

penalty [sic]?"

After defendant responded, "Yes," Judge Zenoff recited the charge of criminal

trespass to a residence and stated:

"That is a Class 4 felony. That is also a probational offense. The

probation can be accompanied by up to six months in the Winnebago County

Jail and fined [sic] up to $25,000. The period of parole, mandatory supervised

release, is one year.

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If extended term applies, the term is instead of 1 to 3 years in prison, it's 1

to 6 years in prison. Do you understand that?"

After defendant responded affirmatively, the court heard the factual basis for the

plea. Judge Zenoff then asked whether defendant had any prior convictions. The

assistant State's Attorney stated that, in January 2003, defendant was fined for a

misdemeanor conviction of resisting a peace officer and that, "according to a pretrial

services report dated September 29, 2003, the defendant was in prison in 1999 for

Possession of a Controlled Substance, a Class 4 felony, with a parole violation in 2002

it looks like." Defendant's counsel agreed with this summary. Judge Zenoff

admonished defendant further as required (see 177 Ill. 2d R. 402) and sentenced him

to 30 months' probation per the plea agreement.

On June 1, 2004, the State petitioned to revoke defendant's probation. On

December 23, 2004, the trial court, Judge Joseph G. McGraw presiding, held an

evidentiary hearing and found that defendant had violated his probation. The cause

proceeded to a sentencing hearing before Judge McGraw on March 22, 2005.

Defendant's attorney, Kunal Kulkarni, who had not represented defendant at the guilty-

plea hearing, referred the court to the presentencing investigation report (PSIR),

particularly its summary of defendant's prior convictions. The PSIR states that, on

January 27, 1997, defendant was fined for "Use of Metal Point Bullets."

According to Kulkarni, the PSIR seemed to imply that this offense was a Class 2

felony, but defendant claimed that it was a misdemeanor. Kulkarni said that he was

uncertain whether defendant was "ultimately extended term eligible in this case." He

added that he had spoken with officials of the Department of Corrections (DOC) and

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ascertained that defendant had prior convictions of "both a Class 2 and a Class 4."

Thus, as Kulkarni "had attempted to explain to [defendant]," defendant was "extended

term eligible on a Class 3, so that is an issue as far as the sentencing parameters go.

That's what we wish to raise to the Court." The assistant State's Attorney, Michael

Combs, told the court that the DOC had informed him that, in case No. 99--CR--41301,

defendant had been sentenced to concurrent three-year terms "for a Class 2 and Class

4 felony." Combs conceded that "Use of Metal Point Bullets" appeared to have been a

misdemeanor. Judge McGraw agreed with Kulkarni and Combs that defendant's

criminal record needed clarification. After a witness testified in aggravation, the hearing

was continued.

The next day, after two witnesses testified in mitigation, Combs told the court

that, in cases Nos. 99--CR--41301 and 98--CR--1828001, defendant had received

concurrent three-year prison terms for a Class 2 felony and a Class 4 felony,

respectively. Kulkarni commented that, in the present case, Kulkarni did not know

whether "at the time [defendant] entered into this plea for aggravated battery ***

[defendant] did know whether or not he was extended term eligible." At a short hearing

on April 1, 2005, Kulkarni and Combs agreed that, under People v. Eisenberg, 109 Ill.

App. 3d 98 (1982), defendant could not receive an extended-term sentence if he had

not been admonished before pleading guilty that extended-term sentencing was

possible.

On April 22, 2005, the cause proceeded to sentencing. In pronouncing the

sentences, Judge McGraw stated in part:

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"I do find that he is eligible for extended term. I do find that at the time he

pled guilty to this offense, he was placed on probation, he was advised of the

range of extended term penalties. He knew what his criminal record was at the

time he pled guilty to this offense, even if for some reason the prosecutor and

the defense attorney either didn't know or didn't accurately articulate the extent

of his prior record. But at the time that he pled guilty he had those Cook County

convictions. And for whatever reason, that was not known to the State's

Attorney. But he was eligible. The point is he was told that--told that if you are

eligible this is the sentencing range, and I believe that's what the statute

requires."

Concluding that defendant's criminal history was "extremely serious," Judge

McGraw sentenced him to concurrent 10-year prison terms, with credit for 436 days

served in custody.

Defendant moved to reconsider, asserting that, when he pleaded guilty, "all

parties believed" that he was ineligible for extended-term sentencing. Thus, he argued,

based on Eisenberg, the extended-term sentences were improper. Judge McGraw

disagreed, explaining that, when defendant pleaded guilty, he knew that he had a

conviction of a Class 2 felony, and Judge Zenoff admonished him "what the range of

penalties would be if he was extended term eligible." Defendant appealed.

On appeal, defendant argues that (1) his extended-term sentences must be

vacated because, when he pleaded guilty, he was not properly admonished that

extended-term sentencing was possible; (2) even if extended-term sentencing was

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proper, the trial court erred in imposing an extended-term sentence on the conviction of

criminal trespass to a residence; (3) even if extended-term sentences for both

convictions were proper, the 10-year sentence for criminal trespass to a residence

exceeds the statutory maximum of 6 years and must be reduced to 6 years; and (4) he

is entitled to an extra day of credit for time that he spent in custody before he was

sentenced. We hold that (1) defendant was ineligible for extended-term sentencing on

either conviction; (2) defendant's second and third claims of error are therefore moot;

and (3) defendant is entitled to an extra day of sentencing credit.

Defendant contends first that the trial court erred in imposing extended-term

sentences after revoking his probation. Defendant relies on section 5--8--2(b) of the

Unified Code of Corrections (Code), which states, "If the conviction was by plea, it shall

appear on the record that the plea was entered with the defendant's knowledge that [an

extended-term sentence] was a possibility. If it does not so appear on the record, the

defendant shall not be subject to such a sentence unless he is first given an opportunity

to withdraw his plea without prejudice." 730 ILCS 5/5--8--2(b) (West 2004). Defendant

contends that this case is controlled by Eisenberg's construction and application of

section 5--8--2(b). We agree.

In Eisenberg, the defendant pleaded guilty to two offenses and was sentenced to

12 months of periodic imprisonment. Three months later, the State petitioned to revoke

his periodic imprisonment. The trial court granted the petition and sentenced the

defendant to an extended term on the more serious offense. On appeal, the defendant

contended that, under section 5--8--2(b) of the Code, the extended term was improper

because, when he pleaded guilty, the trial court did not inform him that an extended-

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term sentence was possible. The appellate court agreed, vacated the extended

sentence, and remanded the cause for sentencing in accordance with section 5--8--2(b)

of the Code. Eisenberg, 109 Ill. App. 3d at 100.

We note that section 5--8--2(b) of the Code requires that, for an extended

sentence to be imposed on a guilty plea, "it shall appear on the record that the plea was

entered with a defendant's knowledge that [an extended-term sentence] was a

possibility." 730 ILCS 5/5--8--2(b) (West 2004). Thus, section 5--8--2(b) does not

explicitly require the trial court to admonish a defendant that an extended-term

sentence is a possibility. However, the Eisenberg court sensibly presumed that, absent

such an admonishment, the defendant did not know that extended-term sentencing was

possible. Eisenberg, 109 Ill. App. 3d at 100. Section 5--8--2(b) does not place the

burden on the defendant to establish that he did not know that extended-term

sentencing was possible; instead, it requires that the record show that he did know of

such a possibility. Thus, the reviewing court in Eisenberg concluded, absent any

indication otherwise, that the defendant pleaded guilty without knowing that he was

eligible for extended-term sentencing. Eisenberg, 109 Ill. App. 3d at 100.

We also agree with the Eisenberg court that, when an extended-term sentence is

imposed after the revocation of a lesser punishment such as probation, the proper

remedy is to vacate the extended-term sentence so that a nonextended-term sentence

may be imposed. Section 5--8--2(b) of the Code does not explicitly provide for such a

remedy. It states that, if the defendant does not receive the proper admonishments, he

shall not be subject to an extended-term sentence unless he is first allowed to withdraw

his plea without prejudice. 730 ILCS 5--8--2(b) (West 2004). Thus, if a defendant is

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originally sentenced to an extended term without having received the proper

admonishments, his remedy is to move to withdraw his guilty plea. See People v.

Cavins, 288 Ill. App. 3d 173, 180 (1997). However, if the trial court does not initially

sentence the defendant to an extended term, but does so only after the revocation of

his periodic imprisonment (as in Eisenberg) or probation (as here), the statutory remedy

is unavailable. In a probation-revocation proceeding, the defendant may not challenge

the basis of the underlying conviction. People v. Dieterman, 243 Ill. App. 3d 838, 841

(1993). Thus, we agree with Eisenberg that the proper remedy is to vacate the

extended-term sentence so that the defendant may be sentenced in accordance with

the admonishments that he received before he pleaded guilty.

We now apply Eisenberg to this case. The record does not show that, at the

guilty-plea hearing, defendant was admonished that an extended-term sentence was

possible. Judge Zenoff told defendant that his conviction of aggravated battery was

"punishable by a term in prison of 2 to 5 years in the Department of Corrections. If

extended term applies, it's 2 to 10 years." (Emphasis added.) Similarly, in admonishing

defendant about the potential sentence for criminal trespass to a residence, Judge

Zenoff stated, "If extended term applies, the term is *** 1 to 6 years in prison."

(Emphasis added.) Thus, Judge Zenoff did not inform defendant that he was eligible

for extended-term sentencing; she merely stated that, if he were eligible, certain

penalties could follow. This type of conditional, tentative admonishment leaves a

defendant to speculate whether an extended-term sentence is indeed possible in his

case. Therefore, it does not establish that section 5--8--2(b) of the Code has been

satisfied.

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Moreover, the remainder of the record not only fails to rebut the presumption that

defendant did not know that extended-term sentencing was possible; it reinforces the

presumption. At the guilty-plea hearing, even the attorneys and the trial judge

expressed uncertainty about defendant's prior convictions, which provided whatever

basis existed for the extended-term sentences that were imposed later. Even at

resentencing, the parties and the trial judge apparently did not realize that defendant's

prior convictions included a Class 2 felony. (Without this conviction, defendant would

not have been eligible for an extended-term sentence on the Class 3 felony of

aggravated battery. See 730 ILCS 5/5--5--3.2(b)(1) (West 2004).) Moreover, Kulkarni

told the court that, even after defendant had pleaded guilty and been sentenced to

probation, Kulkarni had "attempted to explain" to defendant that an extended-term

sentence for aggravated battery was possible. The proceedings at the guilty-plea

hearing and afterward do not suggest that, when he pleaded guilty, defendant knew

that he could receive an extended-term sentence. Indeed, the record creates doubt

that, when defendant pleaded guilty, anyone realized that he was eligible for extended-

term sentencing.

Judge McGraw's observation that defendant always knew that he had a Class 2

felony conviction may have been accurate, but it was beside the point. That defendant

knew of his Class 2 felony conviction does not imply that he knew the legal

consequences of the conviction. To presume such legal expertise on the part of a

defendant would vitiate section 5--8--2(b) of the Code and, more generally, imply that a

trial court need not admonish a defendant who pleads guilty about the possible

penalties that he faces. Of course, the law is otherwise. See 177 Ill. 2d R. 402(a)(2).

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The record does not demonstrate that, when he pleaded guilty, defendant knew

that extended-term sentencing was a possibility. Therefore, in accordance with

Eisenberg, we vacate defendant's extended-term sentences. Under the circumstances,

it is not necessary to remand the cause to the trial court for resentencing. The record

establishes that Judge McGraw intended to impose the maximum available sentence

for each conviction. Thus, under Supreme Court Rule 615(b)(4) (134 R. 615(b)(4)), we

reduce defendant's concurrent sentences to the maximum nonextended terms, five

years for aggravated battery and three years for criminal trespass to a residence.

Because we vacate both extended-term sentences, we need not consider

defendant's arguments that he could not receive extended-term sentences on both

convictions and that his extended-term sentence for criminal trespass to a residence

exceeds the statutory maximum.

Finally, defendant contends that he is entitled to an extra day of sentencing

credit, for a total of 437 days, instead of the 436 days that the trial court awarded. The

State confesses error, and we accept the confession. Therefore, we modify the

sentences to award defendant a total of 437 days' credit for time that he spent in

custody before sentencing.

In sum, we reduce defendant's concurrent sentences to five years' imprisonment

for aggravated battery and three years' imprisonment for criminal trespass to a

residence, and we amend the judgment and the mittimus to reflect that defendant is

awarded 437 days' credit for time served before sentencing. In all other respects, we

affirm the judgment.

The judgment of the circuit court of Winnebago County is affirmed as modified.

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Affirmed as modified.

GILLERAN JOHNSON, J., concurs.

JUSTICE KAPALA, concurring in part and dissenting in part:

I agree with that part of the majority decision that modifies defendant's sentence

for criminal trespass to a residence to three years' imprisonment, although, as I explain

below, I disagree with its analysis. I also agree that defendant is entitled to a total of

437 days' credit for time served. However, I cannot agree with the majority that

defendant was ineligible for an extended-term sentence for his conviction of aggravated

battery. Therefore, I respectfully dissent from the part of the majority decision that

reduces defendant's sentence for aggravated battery to five years' imprisonment.

The majority concludes that defendant was ineligible for an extended-term

sentence because, in contravention of section 5--8--2(b) of the Code, the record does

not reflect that when he entered his plea he had knowledge of the possibility of

extended-term sentencing. The majority indicates that it applied Eisenberg, 109 Ill.

App. 3d 98, to determine that the trial court did not adequately inform defendant of the

possibility of an extended-term sentence. However, Eisenberg supports only the

proposition that the record must reflect that prior to his plea the defendant had

knowledge of the possibility of an extended-term sentence. Eisenberg, 109 Ill. App. 3d

at 100. Eisenberg does not address what statement by a trial court sufficiently informs

a defendant of the possibility that he could receive an extended-term sentence. Unlike

the case at bar, in Eisenberg there was no indication in the record that the court

informed the defendant of the possibility of an extended-term sentence. Eisenberg,

109 Ill. App. 3d at 100. In contrast, in this case, prior to defendant's plea, the trial court

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judge advised defendant that if extended-term sentencing applied, his conviction of

aggravated battery could result in a sentence of 2 to 10 years' imprisonment. I find no

case that discusses the language a trial court judge must use to properly alert a

defendant to the possibility of an extended-term sentence. However, I disagree with the

majority's conclusion that the trial court's admonishment failed to satisfy section 5--8--

2(b) of the Code.

Section 5--8--2(b) states, in part:

"If the conviction was by plea, it shall appear on the record that the plea

was entered

with the defendant's knowledge that a sentence under this [extended-term]

[s]ection was a

possibility." (Emphasis added.) 730 ILCS 5/5--8--2(b) (West 2004).

The majority concludes that the trial court judge's statement to defendant that "[i]f

extended term applies, it's 2 to 10 years" was too tentative to demonstrate that

defendant had knowledge that an extended-term sentence was a possibility. I disagree.

Black's Law Dictionary defines a "possibility" as, "An event that may or may not

happen." Black's Law Dictionary 1185 (7th ed. 1999). Accordingly, section 5--8--2(b)

required only that the record reflect that defendant knew that an extended-term

sentence may or may not occur. When the trial court judge informed defendant of the

consequences of extended-term sentencing, she alerted defendant to the fact that a

sentence of 2 to 10 years' imprisonment may or may not happen. I do not believe that

using the term "if" before "extended term" negates the defendant's knowledge of the

possibility of extended-term sentencing. In fact, by using the term "if," the trial court

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specifically indicated that extended-term sentencing may or may not apply and, thus,

suggested that it was a possibility for defendant.

The majority asserts that defendant did not believe extended-term sentencing

applied to him. However, this does not obviate the fact that the trial court alerted

defendant that extended-term sentencing was a possibility. Simply because defendant

did not believe extended-term sentencing applied to him does not mean he did not have

knowledge that an extended-term sentence was a possible result of a conviction of

aggravated battery. Defendant had knowledge of the possibility, but believed that it

would not occur. Thus, because the record shows that defendant had knowledge of the

possibility of an extended-term sentence, I believe that the trial court could impose

upon defendant an extended-term sentence for aggravated battery. As a result, I

oppose the majority's modification of defendant's sentence for aggravated battery from

10 years' imprisonment to 5 years' imprisonment.

Although the majority utilizes the same analysis to show that defendant was not

subject to an extended-term sentence for criminal trespass to a residence, I agree on

other grounds. Defendant argues that imposing an extended-term sentence for his

conviction of criminal trespass to a residence was erroneous because an extended-

term sentence may be imposed only for a defendant's most serious conviction. The

State concedes such an error. Our supreme court has held that the plain language of

section 5--8--2(a) of the Code (730 ILCS 5/5--8--2(a) (West 2004)) requires that when a

defendant has been convicted of multiple offenses of differing classes, an extended-

term sentence may be imposed only on the conviction within the most serious class.

People v. Thompson, 209 Ill. 2d 19, 23 (2004), citing People v. Jordan, 103 Ill. 2d 192

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(1984). As the majority points out, defendant pleaded guilty to aggravated battery, a

Class 3 felony, and criminal trespass to a residence, a Class 4 felony. Accordingly,

because defendant was convicted of two offenses of differing classes, he could be

sentenced to an extended-term sentence only for aggravated battery. See Thompson,

209 Ill. 2d at 23. Therefore, I agree with the majority that the trial court erred when it

sentenced defendant to an extended term for criminal trespass to a residence, and I

support the majority's modification of defendant's sentence for that offense to three

years' imprisonment. In addition, because the majority properly reduced defendant's

sentence for criminal trespass to a residence to 3 years' imprisonment, defendant's

argument that a sentence of 10 years' imprisonment exceeds the statutory maximum

for that offense is now moot.

For the foregoing reasons, I respectfully dissent from the part of the majority's

decision that vacated defendant's extended-term sentence for aggravated battery and

modified defendant's sentence for aggravated battery from 10 years' imprisonment to 5

years' imprisonment. Otherwise, I concur with the majority's decision to modify

defendant's sentences and affirm the trial court in all other respects.

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