ILLINOIS OFFICIAL REPORTS
Appellate Court
Ishoo v. General Growth Properties, Inc., 2012 IL App (1st) 110919
Appellate Court SUZANNA ISHOO, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. GENERAL GROWTH
Caption PROPERTIES, INC., GENERAL GROWTH COMPANIES, INC.,
NORTHBROOK COURT, L.L.C., NORTHBROOK COURT I, L.L.C.,
NORTHBROOK COURT II, L.L.C., NORTHBROOK COURT MALL,
a/k/a Northbrook Court Shopping Center, THE MILLARD GROUP,
INC., and MYDATT SERVICES, INC., a/k/a Valor Security Services,
Defendants-Appellees.
District & No. First District, Sixth Division
Docket No. 1-11-0919
Rule 23 Order filed January 1, 2012
Rule 23 Order
withdrawn March 12, 2012
Opinion filed March 16, 2012
Held In an action for the shoulder injury plaintiff suffered when she slipped
(Note: This syllabus and fell in a shopping mall, the entry of summary judgment for the mall
constitutes no part of owners was affirmed where the facts did not support plaintiff’s claim that
the opinion of the court defendants breached their duty to plaintiff based on the alleged presence
but has been prepared of a liquid on the floor, especially when no facts showed defendants had
by the Reporter of notice of the liquid or were responsible for its presence.
Decisions for the
convenience of the
reader.)
Decision Under Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, No. 09-L-128; the Hon.
Review James D. Egan, Judge, presiding.
Judgment Affirmed.
Counsel on Michael S. Hedrick, of Law Offices of Stephen G. Pinto, Ltd., of
Appeal Chicago, for appellant.
Chad J. Layton and Mitchell P. Morinec, both of Segal McCambridge
Singer & Mahoney, Ltd., of Chicago, and Jason Orleans and Richard M.
Tomich, both of Chilton Yambert & Porter LLP, of Waukegan, for
appellees.
Panel JUSTICE GARCIA delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Justices Lampkin and Palmer concurred in the judgment and opinion.
OPINION
¶1 The plaintiff, Suzanna Ishoo, brought a negligence action against the defendants, General
Growth Properties, Inc.; General Growth Companies, Inc.; Northbrook Court, L.L.C.;
Northbrook Court I, L.L.C.; Northbrook Court II, L.L.C.; Northbrook Court Mall, a/k/a
Northbrook Court Shopping Center; The Millard Group, Inc. (Millard); Mydatt Services,
Inc., a/k/a Valor Security Services (Valor); and Kone, Inc., seeking damages for injuries she
sustained from a slip and fall at the Northbrook Court Mall (Northbrook Court), an indoor
shopping mall. The circuit court granted the plaintiff’s motion to voluntary dismiss Kone,
Inc. The court granted summary judgment in favor of Westcoast Estates1, Millard, and Valor,
1
Westcoast Estates was never named as a defendant in this case; nor does the notice of
appeal make mention of Westcoast Estates. However, Westcoast Estates filed an appearance jointly
with The Millard Group, Inc.: “We hereby enter the appearance of Westcoast Estates, (improperly
sued as General Growth Properties, Inc., General Growth Companies, Inc., Northbrook Court L.L.C.,
Northbrook Court I L.L.C., Northbrook Court II L.L.C., and Northbrook Court Mall a/k/a
Northbrook Court Shopping Center) and The Millard Group, Inc. as defendants in the above-
captioned cause.” In its answer to the plaintiff’s first amended complaint, Westcoast Estates
identified itself as the owner of Northbrook Court.
-2-
from which the plaintiff appeals. We affirm.
¶2 BACKGROUND
¶3 On February 9, 2007, the plaintiff was working as a sales representative at the Neiman
Marcus makeup counter in Northbrook Court. During a late afternoon break, the plaintiff and
a coworker, Erica Lindsey, left Neiman Marcus to purchase a cup of coffee from the nearby
Starbucks. As the plaintiff walked across the lower level of the mall while talking to Lindsey,
she slipped and fell, injuring her right shoulder.
¶4 The plaintiff filed her initial complaint on January 7, 2009, alleging negligence and
respondeat superior liability against the defendants. She claimed four acts of negligence by
the defendants:
“a. Failed to maintain and keep the walkways free of slip hazards;
b. Failed to remove a slippery substance or water from the common walkway near the
escalator at or near Neiman Marcus store after it knew or should have known of the
presence of said slippery substance or water;
c. Failed to warn or post signs of said slippery substance or water after it knew or
should have known of the presence of said slippery substance or water; and
d. Caused said slippery substance or water to be present on the surface of the
walkway.”
¶5 The plaintiff filed a second amended complaint, adding that each defendant had
“exclusive management responsibilities and control over the property” and negligently
maintained the property, causing her injuries.
¶6 In Valor’s interrogatories, the plaintiff was asked to describe the condition or substance
that purportedly caused her to fall and to state the length of time the condition existed. The
plaintiff responded that her fall was caused by what “appeared to be oil or similar substance
on the floor near the escalator.” She asserted that “Maintenance should have known of the
oil.”
¶7 During the plaintiff’s deposition, she testified that she and her coworker exited the
Neiman Marcus store and were walking on the lower level of the mall near an escalator when
she slipped and fell. According to the plaintiff, her feet “went up into the air” and she landed
on her right shoulder. She stood up and had “some type of substance” on her hands and
pants. The plaintiff stated the substance “smelled like solution, water, solution, cleaning
solution, Windex.” She saw “[s]ome type of liquid, water” on the floor after she stood up.
The plaintiff could not recall the amount of liquid on the floor, but stated, “It wasn’t a
puddle.” The color of the liquid was clear. She did not see any liquid on the floor before she
fell. When asked if she could describe the substance, the plaintiff responded, “It was just
liquidy. I don’t remember the texture of it.”
¶8 At the time of her fall, she did not see a cleaning cart or any bottles of cleaning solution
in the area. The plaintiff did not know where the liquid substance came from but stated the
janitorial services workers “are constantly cleaning the escalators and they’re constantly
spraying Windex and squeegeeing it.” She did not observe any janitorial services workers
-3-
cleaning the escalators at the time of her fall.
¶9 The plaintiff immediately reported her fall to a security officer. She showed him the
location of her fall. He took photographs of the floor where she fell. The plaintiff testified
that she did not see any liquid substance on the floor when photographs of the floor were
taken by the security officer. According to the plaintiff, she had liquid on the bottom of her
pants. She did not report the incident to any other employee of the defendants.
¶ 10 The plaintiff was examined by a doctor at a hospital emergency room. She was given a
sling for her shoulder, but no pain medication. The plaintiff did not recall whether the
shoulder injury caused her to miss any work. Her doctor prescribed physical therapy. The
plaintiff had arthroscopic surgery on her right shoulder in November 2007. She had a second
shoulder surgery in April 2009 to repair a torn rotator cuff and torn labrum.
¶ 11 Bradley Frantom, the second-shift public safety supervisor at Northbrook Court
employed by Valor, testified at his deposition that on February 9, 2007, he was on duty from
3 to 11 p.m. At about 4 p.m., he was called to a common area on the lower floor of
Northbrook Court. Frantom interviewed the plaintiff as part of his investigation of the
incident. The plaintiff stated she fell because there was “something slippery or wet” on the
floor. The plaintiff did not tell Frantom that the “something slippery or wet” smelled like
cleaning solution. Frantom stated the plaintiff may have complained of pain in one of her
ankles, but he did not recall the plaintiff complaining of any pain in her shoulder. Frantom
did not observe any wet spots on the plaintiff’s pants. During the course of this interview,
the plaintiff’s coworker confirmed to Frantom that the plaintiff fell.
¶ 12 Frantom and another public safety officer, Flynn Gallagher, searched the area where the
plaintiff fell for any hazards, but were unable to find any liquid substance on the floor.
According to Frantom, the plaintiff and her coworker also searched for a liquid substance on
the floor, but found nothing. Gallagher completed an accident report and took photographs
of the floor where the plaintiff stated she fell. When he examined the photographs, Frantom
saw no liquid substance on the floor. The plaintiff was also shown these photographs; she
did not see any liquid substance on the floor in the photographs.
¶ 13 Ruben Ramirez, a Millard employee, and the project manager in charge of housekeeping
at Northbrook Court, testified at his deposition that he recognized the plaintiff as an
employee of Neiman Marcus. On February 9, 2007, Ramirez was called by security
personnel to check the area for hazards where the plaintiff fell. When Ramirez and his
assistant, Gloria Melgar, arrived at the area of the incident, the plaintiff was not there.
Ramirez and Melgar found no liquid substance on the floor where he was told the plaintiff
fell.
¶ 14 Ramirez acknowledged that the goal of the housekeeping is to keep the mall
immaculately clean. The housekeeping porters carry brooms, rags, and a spray bottle of
cleaning solution, which is light blue in color, to clean the common areas. Porters are trained
to check for hazards on the floors. Escalators are wiped down with cleaning solution after
9 p.m. when the escalators are no longer in operation.
¶ 15 On the date of the incident, Israel Escamilla and Columba Estela served as porters and
were responsible for the common areas from 10 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Every 30 minutes, the two
-4-
porters took a lap around the mall to clean the common areas. The porters also complete a
“sweep sheet” and a “spill/wet floor log” for the common areas of Northbrook Court.
Escamilla was assigned to clean the area of the mall near Neiman Marcus, where the plaintiff
fell. According to Ramirez, Escamilla would have checked the area around Neiman Marcus
five times between 10 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. The “sweep sheet” for February 9, 2007 indicated
that Escamilla checked and swept the corridors at 3:30 p.m. and reported no problems. The
“spill/wet floor log” for the same date showed security personnel reported a spill by Neiman
Marcus at 4:15 p.m. The report stated that nothing was found on the floor at that location.
¶ 16 On August 23, 2010, Westcoast Estates, Millard, and Valor moved for summary
judgment, arguing the plaintiff’s claim amounted to nothing more than speculation that her
fall was caused by a liquid substance on the floor and that the defendants could not have had
actual or constructive notice of the presence of any such alleged substance. In her response
to the summary judgment motions, the plaintiff attached her own affidavit in which she
averred that her accident occurred between 3:30 p.m. and 3:45 p.m. Her affidavit asserted,
“I cannot state exactly when or how the Windex came to be on the floor, but I can absolutely
state with certainty that it was Windex or a similar cleaner or water mixed with a cleaning
solution that caused me to fall.”
¶ 17 On December 20, 2010, the circuit court granted summary judgment to each of the
defendants, Westcoast Estates, Millard, and Valor. The plaintiff’s motion to reconsider was
denied on March 1, 2011. The plaintiff timely appeals.
¶ 18 ANALYSIS
¶ 19 The plaintiff correctly acknowledges in her main brief that “[s]ummary judgment should
be granted only when the pleadings, depositions, and admissions on file reveal that there is
no disputed genuine issue of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as
matter of law.” The plaintiff further asserts that “evidentiary inferences in favor of the
opponent are mandatory in deciding a summary judgment motion.” She contends she is
entitled to have a jury resolve her claim against the defendants. The plaintiff grounds her
claim on the inference she draws from the established facts, that “according to Ramirez, ***
the housekeeper, between 3:00 and 3:30, cleaned the escalator with cleaning solution or glass
cleaner and then squeegeed the excess solution off the escalator and onto the floor.”
¶ 20 Each defendant relies on Kimbrough v. Jewel Cos., 92 Ill. App. 3d 813 (1981), for its
contention that summary judgment was properly entered. Valor asserts, “Plaintiff’s varied
claims as to what caused her to fall were purely speculative and subject to summary
judgment.” Millard contends, “summary judgment is appropriate where the Plaintiff does not
know why she fell.”
¶ 21 To establish negligence on the part of the defendants, the plaintiff need only bring forth
facts that her fall was caused by a liquid substance on the floor attributable to the defendants.
Liability on the part of the defendants may arise if (1) one or more defendants is directly
responsible for the liquid substance on the floor or (2) the defendants had actual or
constructive notice of the liquid substance on the floor. Because no defendant questions that
the plaintiff fell in Northbrook Court and the credibility of the plaintiff’s claim that her fall
-5-
was caused by a liquid substance on the floor cannot be decided in a summary judgment
motion, this appeal turns on whether there is any evidence that directly proves, or gives rise
to a reasonable inference, that the presence of the liquid substance on the floor is tied to one
or more of the defendants.
¶ 22 We agree with the plaintiff that her case is unlike Kimbrough, where the plaintiff “stated
repeatedly in her deposition that she did not know why she fell.” Id. at 817. While the
defendant in Kimbrough did not dispute that “grease” spots were in the area where the
plaintiff fell, the plaintiff never stated that “she had stepped on [the grease spots].” Id.
¶ 23 Here, the plaintiff consistently testified that she stepped on a liquid substance on the mall
floor, which caused her to fall and suffer an injury to her shoulder. We agree with the
plaintiff that if the facts in the record point to the defendants as being responsible for the
liquid substance on the floor, either directly or by reasonable inference, the plaintiff is
entitled to submit her claim to a jury.
¶ 24 The gap in the plaintiff’s claim, however, is that no facts exist to connect the defendants
to the presence of the liquid substance on the floor. Nor do the established facts support the
inference, as claimed by the plaintiff, that “the housekeeper, between 3:00 and 3:30, cleaned
the escalator with cleaning solution or glass cleaner and then squeegeed the excess solution
off the escalator and onto the floor.”
¶ 25 Ramirez stated unequivocally that the escalator is never cleaned until after 9 p.m., when
the mall is closed. The plaintiff points us to no contrary fact. Nor did the plaintiff in her
counteraffidavit to the summary judgment motions contest Ramirez’s averment. Without
facts that the housekeeping staff were responsible for the liquid substance on the floor, no
facts support the plaintiff’s claim of negligence against the defendants.
¶ 26 In an effort to remedy this deficit in the facts of this case, the plaintiff contends that the
defendants had actual or constructive notice of the liquid substance on the floor. The plaintiff
is correct that sufficient notice of a dangerous condition may give rise to a breach of duty by
the defendants if the condition is left uncorrected. See Cochran v. George Sollitt
Construction Co., 358 Ill. App. 3d 865, 873 (2005) (citing Restatement (Second) of Torts
§ 343 (1965)).
¶ 27 However, under the facts of this case, actual notice can only be established by a showing
that the housekeeping staff “squeegeed” cleaning solution from the escalator onto the floor.
As we have already concluded, no facts exist that the activities of housekeeping staff were
responsible for the liquid substance on the mall floor. It follows from the absence of such
facts that no actual notice on the part of the defendants of the presence of the liquid on the
floor can be shown.
¶ 28 The plaintiff’s fallback position is that the record supports an inference of constructive
notice on the part of the defendants. Once again, we disagree. Constructive notice can only
be shown where the dangerous condition is shown to exist for a sufficient length of time to
impute knowledge of its existence to the defendants. Pavlik v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 323 Ill.
App. 3d 1060, 1065-66 (2001). Here, there are no facts that show the length of time the
liquid substance was on the floor. While the plaintiff claims that the liquid substance was
“squeegeed” onto the floor between 3 p.m. and 3:30 p.m., nothing in the record supports that
-6-
claim. Constructive notice cannot be shown on the record before us.
¶ 29 CONCLUSION
¶ 30 We affirm the circuit court’s grant of summary judgment to the defendants, Westcoast
Estates, Millard, and Valor. The facts of record do not support a claim that the defendants
breached their duty to the plaintiff based on the presence of liquid on the floor when no facts
demonstrate that the defendants were responsible for the liquid on the floor or that they had
notice of its presence.
¶ 31 Affirmed.
-7-