Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 630
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION I
No. CR-15-370
Opinion Delivered November 4, 2015
GADRIAN HILL
APPELLANT APPEAL FROM THE BRADLEY
COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
[NO. CR-2014-8-4]
V.
HONORABLE DON GLOVER,
JUDGE
STATE OF ARKANSAS
APPELLEE AFFIRMED
PHILLIP T. WHITEAKER, Judge
Appellant Gadrian Hill was convicted by a Bradley County jury of breaking or
entering into a vending machine and was sentenced by the court to twelve years in the
Arkansas Department of Correction. He appeals the sufficiency of the evidence. While he
admits there was evidence of damage to the vending machine, he claims there was no
evidence that he actually gained access to the portion of the machine containing the money;
therefore, at most, he was only guilty of attempted breaking or entering. Because such
evidence is unnecessary, we affirm.
The facts of this case are fairly straightforward. The Warren Police Department was
conducting investigations into vending-machine vandalism and theft. The modus operandi
was for dispatch to receive a 911 call indicating shots had been fired. When officers were
dispatched to the area of interest for the discharge of shots, the vandalism and theft would
Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 630
occur at another location. At approximately 10:20 p.m. on February 6, 2014, a dispatcher
received a similar 911 call of the discharge of shots. Suspecting that the phone calls were a
diversionary tactic designed to facilitate a vending-machine theft, the officers decided to
conduct surveillance on several vending machines in town in addition to responding to the
area of interest.
At approximately 2:00 a.m. on February 7, Officer Michael Sharp observed Hill walk
up and strike a vending machine with a metallic object. The front of the machine was
damaged, and the validator, which verifies paper currency, was detached and turned sideways,
providing full access to the money inside. Officer Sharp confronted Hill, who fled. Officer
Sharp gave chase and ultimately apprehended Hill. No money had been taken from the
machine.
Hill was subsequently charged with breaking or entering, and the foregoing evidence
was presented by the State. At the close of the State’s case, counsel for Hill made a motion
for directed verdict arguing that there was no evidence that Hill broke into or entered the
machine.1 Counsel admitted that there was evidence that Hill took a hammer and broke parts
of the machine and that there was evidence that it was Hill’s intent to steal the money inside.
However, he asserted that Hill’s actions were not sufficient to complete the crime. He argued
that, at the time of the officer’s arrival, Hill was still hammering on the machine in an attempt
to gain access and that, even though Hill may have actually been able to access the money at
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Hill was also charged and tried with the breaking or entering of two vending
machines that were the subject of an earlier incident. The trial court, however, granted a
directed verdict on those two counts at the close of the State’s case.
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that point, there was no evidence that he had attempted to do so or that he had obtained any
money from the machine. Instead, he was interrupted by Officer Sharp before he could
complete the crime.
The court denied the motion, finding that there was sufficient evidence given the
testimony that the machine was sufficiently damaged to allow full access to the money. Hill
renewed his motion at the close of all the evidence and the court again denied it. The jury
subsequently convicted Hill of the charge.
Hill now appeals his conviction, challenging the sufficiency of the evidence.
Challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence to support a conviction are considered in the
light most favorable to the State, considering only the evidence in favor of the guilty verdict.
Haire v. State, 2010 Ark. App. 89. The conviction is affirmed if supported by substantial
evidence, that is, evidence forceful enough to compel a conclusion one way or the other
beyond suspicion or conjecture. Id. The fact that evidence is circumstantial does not render
it insubstantial. Geer v. State, 75 Ark. App. 147, 55 S.W.3d 312 (2001). Circumstantial
evidence may be used to support a conviction if it is consistent with the defendant’s guilt and
inconsistent with any other reasonable conclusion; this determination is a question of fact for
the fact-finder. Baughman v. State, 353 Ark. 1, 110 S.W.3d 740 (2003). The finder of fact
is also tasked with determining what portions of the witnesses’ testimony are credible and
must resolve all questions of conflicting testimony and inconsistent evidence. Id. The jury
is permitted to draw any reasonable inference from circumstantial evidence to the same extent
that it can from direct evidence; it is only when circumstantial evidence leaves the jury solely
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to speculation and conjecture that it is insufficient as a matter of law. Deviney v. State, 14 Ark.
App. 70, 685 S.W.2d 179 (1985).
Hill was charged with and convicted of breaking or entering. A person commits the
offense of breaking or entering if he enters or breaks into any vending machine or product
dispenser with the purpose of committing a theft or felony. Ark. Code Ann. § 5-39-202(a)(3)
(Repl. 2013). A violation occurs when a container of the sort described in the statute is
sufficiently broken or altered so that the contents or inner works of the device become
accessible to entry of any kind. Stout v. State, 304 Ark. 610, 616–17, 804 S.W.2d 686, 690
(1991). Whether coins or money are actually removed is irrelevant. Id. What is relevant is
the intent of the actor. Intent may be inferred; proof of actual theft is not required. See, e.g.,
Watson v. State, 358 Ark. 212, 188 S.W.3d 921 (2004) (holding that the jury could infer intent
to deprive the owners of property where appellant’s claim that he left the whereabouts of the
property on the owner’s answering machine was controverted by the fact that the owners
reported the property stolen, the property was not recovered for a week, and the property was
recovered by the police, not the owners); Smith v. State, 346 Ark. 48, 55 S.W.3d 251 (2001)
(holding that where videotape showed appellant approaching the gun cabinet six times and
walking around and behind the counter three times before opening a display case and
removing a gun, there was sufficient evidence for the jury to infer that appellant intended to
commit theft); King v. State, 256 Ark. 778, 510 S.W.2d 876 (1974) (holding that there was
sufficient circumstantial evidence to convict appellant of burglary even where appellant
claimed that an unidentified person had forced him at gunpoint to break into the building and
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where no property was missing from the building); Kendrick v. State, 37 Ark. App. 95, 823
S.W.2d 931 (1992) (holding that, in the absence of evidence of other intent or explanation
for breaking or entering an occupiable structure at night, the usual purpose is theft, especially
where appellant was seen kneeling by the back door of the victim’s home and prying at the
door with a knife and attempting to flee when approached).
Here, there was evidence that Hill struck the machine with a hammer to the point that
there was full access to the money contained therein. He admitted that he struck the machine
with the intent to steal the money contained inside. On this evidence, it was reasonable for
the jury to infer that Hill sufficiently broke into the machine with the purpose of committing
a theft for the purposes of breaking or entering; it is immaterial that he did not actually take
any money from the machine. Accordingly, we find sufficient evidence to support the
conviction and affirm.
Affirmed.
GLOVER and BROWN, JJ., agree.
Joseph P. Mazzanti III, for appellant.
Leslie Rutledge, Att’y Gen., by: Brooke Jackson, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.
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