J-S65019-15
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
CHRISTOPHER EASTER,
Appellant No. 2786 EDA 2014
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered August 26, 2014
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0013958-2011
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., SHOGAN, and JENKINS, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.: FILED NOVEMBER 06, 2015
Christopher Easter (“Appellant”) appeals pro se from the August 26,
2014 order denying his petition for collateral relief filed pursuant to the Post
Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541–9546.1 We affirm.
Appellant robbed and shot Kevin Neary around 2:46 a.m. on
November 5, 2011. Affidavit of Probable Cause, 11/18/11, at 2. Upon
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The PCRA court denied Appellant’s petition without a hearing and
permitted counsel to withdraw in an order entered on August 26, 2014.
That is the order from which this appeal arises. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 910 (“An
order granting, denying, dismissing, or otherwise finally disposing of a
petition for post-conviction collateral relief shall constitute a final order for
purposes of appeal.”). Yet, the PCRA court entered a second order on
September 3, 2014, informing Appellant of the effect of the August 26, 2014
order and of his appellate rights. We caution the PCRA court against the
filing of secondary orders after disposing of a PCRA petition. Such practice is
ill-advised in that it obfuscates the appealable order and commencement of
the appeal period.
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admitting to the attack, which left Kevin Neary a quadriplegic, Appellant was
charged with, inter alia, attempted murder, aggravated assault, robbery,
and various weapon offenses. Appellant appeared for trial on September 11,
2012; however, he entered an open guilty plea before jury selection began.
The trial court sentenced Appellant the next day to incarceration for an
aggregate term of thirty to sixty years. Appellant did not file post-sentence
motions or a notice of appeal.
Appellant filed a pro se PCRA petition on February 26, 2013. The
PCRA court appointed counsel. On June 16, 2014, counsel filed a
Turner/Finley2 “no merit” letter and a motion to withdraw representation.
The PCRA court filed a notice of its intention to dismiss Appellant’s PCRA
petition on July 22, 2014. Appellant filed a timely response, requesting an
extension of time. Letter, 8/18/14. The Commonwealth requested formal
dismissal of Appellant’s PCRA petition, which the PCRA granted on August
26, 2014, dismissing the petition and permitting counsel to withdraw.
Appellant filed a timely pro se notice of appeal on September 18,
2014, to which he appended a list of eight issues. The trial court directed
Appellant to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement of errors complained of on
appeal. Order, 10/8/14. Appellant did not comply with the PCRA court’s
order; however, the PCRA court filed a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion on January
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2
Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 297 (Pa. 1988); Commonwealth
v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988) (en banc).
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16, 2015. Initially, the PCRA court deemed Appellant’s issues waived
because he failed to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement of errors. PCRA
Court Opinion, 1/16/15, at 2–3. However, “[i]n an effort to provide a
complete record and because [Appellant] attached a list of issues to his
notice of appeal,” the PCRA court provided “a discussion of the issues set
forth by [Appellant] in the attachment to his notice of appeal.” Id. at 3.
On April 13, 2015, Appellant filed in this Court an “Application For
Relief Motion For Remand For Filing Of 1925(b).” We denied the application,
but directed that “[t]he document attached to the September 18, 2014
notice of appeal listing Appellant’s eight (8) claims of error shall be deemed
the equivalent of a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement, in light of the fact that the
PCRA court opinion addressed the issues.” Superior Court Order, 5/1/15.
In his pro se PCRA petition and the document deemed to be his Rule
1925(b) statement, Appellant included eight issues, which are as follows:
I) There was no PSI Done (expect evaluation)[.]
II) There was no drug evaluation done[.]
III) There was no mental health evaluation done.
IV) I was sentenced outside of PA [statutory] guidelines.
V) I was coerced into [taking] an open plea or get sentenced
to 80 years.
VI) Plea taken under duress.
VII) [L]awyer refused to file pre-and-post sentence motions.
VIII) Discovery never given to me.
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Notice of Appeal, 9/18/14, at Attachment; PCRA Petition, 2/26/13, at 3.
In his appellate brief, Appellant sets forth the following issues:
I. Was Appellant’s guilty plea illegally induced and coerced
by ineffective assistance of counsel where counsel
misinformed Appellant as to the amount of time he would
receive?
II. Did plea counsel provide ineffective assistance of counsel
in failing to request a pre-sentence investigation and/or a
mental health evaluation prior to sentencing?
III. Was plea counsel ineffective for failing to file a motion to
withdraw Appellant’s guilty plea?
Appellant’s Brief at 4. We note inconsistencies among Appellant’s pre-
appeal filings and his statement of questions presented on appeal, which
may warrant a finding of waiver. Furthermore, the Commonwealth contends
that “all of [Appellant’s] ineffective assistance of plea counsel claims are
waived because they are insufficiently developed to permit meaningful
review.” Commonwealth’s Brief at 5. The Commonwealth also argues that
Appellant’s various issues are “waived because he did not raise [them] in his
PCRA petition” or “in what this Court deemed to be his Rule 1925(b)
statement.” Id. at 7, 10, 11. We shall address these claims of waiver as we
review each of Appellant’s issues.
When reviewing the propriety of an order denying PCRA relief, this
Court is limited to determining whether the evidence of record supports the
conclusions of the PCRA court and whether the ruling is free of legal error.
Commonwealth v. Rykard, 55 A.3d 1177, 1183 (Pa. Super. 2012). We
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grant great deference to the PCRA court’s findings that are supported in the
record and will not disturb them unless they have no support in the certified
record. Commonwealth v. Rigg, 84 A.3d 1080, 1084 (Pa. Super. 2014).
In order to obtain collateral relief, a PCRA petitioner must establish by
a preponderance of the evidence that his conviction or sentence resulted
from one or more of the circumstances enumerated in 42 Pa.C.S. §
9543(a)(2). Instantly, Appellant asserted in his PCRA petition the existence
of ineffective assistance of counsel (“IAC”) pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. §
9543(a)(2)(ii). A PCRA petitioner alleging ineffectiveness of his counsel will
be granted relief only if he is able to prove that, “in the circumstances of
[his] particular case,” the truth-determining process was undermined to the
extent “that no reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken
place.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2)(ii).
The law presumes that counsel was effective. Commonwealth v.
Montalvo, 114 A.3d 401, 410 (Pa. 2015). Hence, it is the petitioner’s
burden to prove the contrary. Commonwealth v. Koehler, 36 A.3d 121,
at 132 (Pa. 2012). To plead and prove an IAC claim, a petitioner must
establish: (1) that the underlying issue has arguable merit; (2) counsel’s
actions lacked an objective reasonable basis; and (3) actual prejudice
resulted from counsel’s act or failure to act. Commonwealth v. Stewart,
84 A.3d 701, 706 (Pa. Super. 2013) (en banc). A claim of ineffectiveness
will be denied if the petitioner’s evidence fails to meet any one of these
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prongs. Commonwealth v. Martin, 5 A.3d 177, 183 (Pa. 2010). We have
explained that trial counsel cannot be deemed ineffective for failing to
pursue a meritless claim. Commonwealth v. Loner, 836 A.2d 125, 132
(Pa. Super. 2003) (en banc). Moreover, the PCRA court’s credibility
determinations, when supported by the record, are binding on this Court.
Commonwealth v. Spotz, 18 A.3d 244, 259 (Pa. 2011).
Appellant first claims that plea counsel was ineffective for coercing
Appellant into pleading guilty and misadvising Appellant regarding the
sentence he would receive. Appellant’s Brief at 9. According to Appellant,
“on September 12, [2012], privately in the courthouse before [Appellant]
entered the courtroom, trial counsel advised him to take an open plea and
he would receive a 15-30 year sentence for this crime.” Id.
The Commonwealth responds that Appellant’s assertion:
makes no sense on its face, as [Appellant] pleaded guilty the
day before, on September 11, [2012]; he was sentenced on
September 12. The notion that [Appellant] was misinformed
about the possible length of his sentence is also belied by the
record and the claims he made before the PCRA court.
Commonwealth’s Brief at 8–9 (emphasis in original). The Commonwealth
further points out that, “before the PCRA court, [Appellant’s] allegation was
that he was induced to take a plea by the prospect of receiving an ‘80 year’
sentence . . . , not a fifteen to thirty year sentence.” Id. at 9 (citing PCRA
Petition, 2/26/13, at 3).
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Upon review of the certified record, we conclude that Appellant has not
preserved this issue for appellate review. “It is a settled principle of
appellate review, of course, that courts should not reach claims that were
not raised below. See Pa. R.A.P. 302(a). The principle applies to PCRA
appeals no less than to other appeals. See Commonwealth v. Ligons,
971 A.2d 1125, 1162–[11]63 (2009) (Castille, C.J., concurring) (collecting
cases).” Commonwealth v. Colavita, 993 A.2d 874, 891 (Pa. 2010).
Here, Appellant did not challenge defense counsel’s representation in the
context of the guilty plea before the PCRA court. PCRA Petition, 2/23/13;
Notice of Appeal, 9/18/14, at Attachment; PCRA Court Opinion, 1/16/15.
Thus, it is waived.3
Next, Appellant asserts ineffective assistance of counsel in failing to
request a pre-sentence investigation or a mental health evaluation prior to
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Relying on the PCRA court’s analysis, we would conclude that, even if not
waived, Appellant’s claim lacks merit:
The record herein shows that [Appellant], with the
assistance of counsel, entered his plea knowingly[,] intelligently,
and voluntarily in a very serious case, one in which the evidence
of his guilt was overwhelming. More importantly, this Court
conducted an extensive colloquy of [Appellant] during which he
acknowledged that he understood his rights and had decided to
plead guilty of his own volition, free of duress or coercion. (N.T.
9/11/12, 2–17). Finally, the fact that [Appellant] entered his
plea to avoid a more severe sentence does not render his plea a
nullity.
PCRA Court Opinion, 1/16/15, at 9.
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sentencing. Appellant’s Brief at 13. Appellant claims on appeal that,
“[w]hile awaiting trial, [he] received medication (Respidal) each day, as well
as seeing a psychiatrist.” Id.
The Commonwealth refutes Appellant’s mental health argument with
the following observations:
[N]either defense counsel nor the court would have had any
reason to conduct a pre-sentence investigation into [Appellant’s]
mental health: at his plea hearing, [Appellant] told the court
three times that he had never been treated for mental illness
(N.T. 9/11/12, 4, 6). Moreover, in the written plea colloquy that
[Appellant], plea counsel, and Judge Minehart signed,
[Appellant] indicated no mental health issues and reported not
taking any medicine within the previous week. Even to this day,
[Appellant] has not identified which mental illness he allegedly
suffered from or how it possibly could have affected the
voluntariness of his plea.
Commonwealth’s Brief at 10–11.
Upon review of the certified record, we conclude that Appellant
sufficiently preserved this issue regarding a pre-sentence report or mental
health evaluation. PCRA Petition, 2/26/13, at 3; Notice of Appeal, 9/18/14,
at Attachment; Appellant’s Brief at 4. Although Appellant did not present
this issue to the PCRA court as an IAC claim, the PCRA court addressed the
underlying argument, as follows:
[T]he fact that [the trial court] did not order pre-sentence
reports would not have entitled [Appellant] to relief because trial
counsel waived their preparation and [the trial court] received
information concerning [Appellant] during the sentencing
hearing that usually is contained in pre-sentence reports. (N.T.
9/12/12, 2, 87–96). Thus, the lack of pre-sentence reports did
not prejudice [Appellant].
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PCRA Court Opinion, 1/16/15, at 7. We agree.
Appellant failed to prove to the PCRA court that the absence of pre-
sentence reports or a mental health evaluation caused him prejudice.
Furthermore, defense counsel cannot be deemed ineffective for failing to
request a mental health evaluation where Appellant never disclosed—and, in
fact, denied—any mental health issues. Consequently, Appellant’s derivative
IAC claim does not warrant relief.
Appellant’s final IAC claim is that defense counsel failed to file a pre-
sentence motion to withdraw his plea based on Appellant being “told he
would receive a 15 to 30 year sentence[;] instead he received a 30 to 60
year sentence.” Appellant’s Brief at 14. In response, the Commonwealth
observes that:
at no point has [Appellant] alleged that he even asked his plea
counsel to file a pre-sentence motion to withdraw his plea.
During a lengthy sentencing hearing, [Appellant] neither
complained about his sentence nor complained about his
attorney failing to file a motion on his behalf. Plea counsel could
not have been ineffective for failing to do something [Appellant]
never asked him to do.
Commonwealth’s Brief at 11.
Upon review of the certified record, we conclude that Appellant has not
preserved this claim for appellate review because he did not challenge
defense counsel’s representation in the context of the plea before the PCRA
court. PCRA Petition, 2/26/13, at 3; Notice of Appeal, 9/18/14, at
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Attachment; PCRA Court Opinion, 1/16/15. Thus, it is waived. 4 Pa.R.A.P.
302(a); Ligons, 971 A.2d at 1162–1163.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 11/6/2015
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Again, relying on the PCRA court’s analysis, we would conclude that, even
if not waived, Appellant’s claim lacks merit:
[T]his Court would not have granted a motion to withdraw the
plea had one been filed because clearly, [Appellant] did not and
cannot show that a manifest injustice occurred here. It is
further noted that defense counsel would not have been deemed
ineffective for failing to file a motion to withdraw [Appellant’s]
guilty plea had [Appellant] made that assertion because such a
claim lacked merit.
PCRA Court Opinion, 1/16/15, at 9.
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