IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Arnold Gibbs, :
Petitioner :
: No. 901 C.D. 2015
v. :
: Submitted: September 18, 2015
Unemployment Compensation :
Board of Review, :
Respondent :
BEFORE: HONORABLE BERNARD L. McGINLEY, Judge
HONORABLE PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge
HONORABLE JAMES GARDNER COLINS, Senior Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE McCULLOUGH FILED: November 16, 2015
Arnold Gibbs (Claimant) petitions pro se for review of the May 12, 2015
order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review (Board), affirming a
referee’s determination that Claimant is ineligible for benefits under section 402(e) of
the Unemployment Compensation Law (Law).1 For the following reasons, we affirm.
Claimant was employed as a full-time truck driver with Superior Plus
Energy Services (Employer) from November 20, 2013, to February 2, 2015, when he
was discharged for failing to comply with a supervisor’s directive. The local service
center determined that Claimant was not ineligible for benefits under section 402(e)
of the Law, and Employer appealed. A referee held a hearing on March 30, 2015.
1
Act of December 5, 1936, Second Ex.Sess., P.L. (1937) 2897, as amended, 43 P.S.
§802(e).
At the hearing, Employer offered the testimony of Kevin Dunlap,
Employer’s customer service center manager. Dunlap testified that on January 21,
2015, Claimant was delivering propane to a rural agricultural location and attempted
to navigate a logging road marked “no winter maintenance” that was covered with
approximately one foot of snow. Dunlap stated that Claimant was driving a large
propane truck that weighed approximately forty-thousand pounds and was filled to
approximately three-quarters of capacity. Dunlap noted that Claimant had previously
made deliveries to the rural location, but he had never approached it from this
direction. Dunlap testified that Claimant told him he decided to take that route
because his GPS recommended it and he thought that he could pass it without
incident. Dunlap further testified that Claimant navigated the road for approximately
three-quarters of a mile until he was unable to traverse a hill. Dunlap stated that, at
that point, Claimant backed the vehicle down the hill and attempted to maneuver the
truck to the right of the road, which caused the vehicle to get stuck. Dunlap testified
that the truck’s location posed a significant hazard because one side of the road
dropped off approximately twenty feet and the other side bordered a creek, which
could be compromised and constitute an environmental hazard if any propane was
released. Dunlap stated that Employer requested the assistance of the state police and
local fire department to restrict the road from any traffic until the vehicle could be
towed the next day; however, the police determined that the tow should be performed
immediately because large four-wheel drive vehicles frequently used the logging
road. Dunlap noted that the cost to tow the vehicle was approximately $4,400.00 and
the truck sustained approximately $2,000.00 in damage. (Notes of Testimony (N.T.)
at 5-7, 10, 13.)
2
Dunlap testified that he drove one of Employer’s vehicles to retrieve
Claimant from the incident scene and return him to Employer’s facility. Dunlap
stated that, during the return to Employer’s facility, he directed Claimant to provide a
written statement regarding the incident before he returned home. Dunlap testified
that this instruction was typical for this type of incident because a statement was
necessary for insurance purposes. Dunlap further testified that, when they returned to
Employer’s facility, he again told Claimant that he must provide a written statement
regarding the incident before going home. (N.T. at 7.)
Dunlap stated that, when they returned to Employer’s facility, Claimant
left without providing a statement of the incident. Dunlap noted that Claimant
returned to Employer’s facility later that evening to return the keys to the damaged
vehicle and that Claimant was again advised that he must provide a statement;
however, Claimant left without complying. Dunlap stated that Employer was
required to report the incident to its insurance company that same day, and it did not
have a statement of events to include in its report. Dunlap noted that this directive
was standard procedure and recounted two recent incidents involving Employer’s
vehicles where employees were required to provide a statement before returning
home. Dunlap stated that Claimant did not provide a written statement until his
termination date. (N.T. at 6-7, 13, 21.)
Dunlap further testified that Employer’s policy requires employees to
participate in any investigations Employer conducts based on incidents involving its
vehicles. Dunlap stated that the policy is contained in Employer’s employee
handbook, which Claimant received when he began employment with Employer.2
2
Employer offered into the record an unsigned and undated “Receipt of Employee Safety
Handbook” with Claimant’s name printed at the bottom of the page. (N.T. at 12.)
3
Dunlap testified that Employer’s policy provides a three-day suspension for an
employee’s failure to provide a statement for an investigation and that an employee
will be terminated if noncompliance continues. Dunlap noted that getting a vehicle
stuck and failing to provide a statement are both dischargeable offenses; however, he
stated that Claimant would not have been discharged if he had provided a statement
when he returned to Employer’s facility or when he returned the keys to the vehicle
later that evening. Dunlap testified that Claimant was notified that evening that he
was suspended pending the outcome of Employer’s investigation and that Claimant
was discharged on February 2, 2015, for failure to provide a written statement
regarding the incident with Employer’s vehicle as directed by his supervisor. (N.T. at
5, 11-15.)3
3
At first, Dunlap testified that Claimant was only suspended for three days. However, after
clarification, it was established that Claimant was instead suspended pending the outcome of
Employer’s investigation:
R: Okay. Now tell me about the suspension business. I don’t
have that.
EW: When he did provide the . . .
R: Right
EW: . . . statement . . .
R: On the 21st.
EW: . . . we decided to suspend him while we did our investigation.
R: So when was he suspended?
EW: The date of the incident which would have been the 21st I
believe. I think that was the date of the incident was the 21st.
R: Okay. But when – no, no, which days was he actually
suspended then?
EW: It would have been the 22nd, 23rd, and 24th.
R: Okay. Then what happened between the 24th and February
2nd?
(Footnote continued on next page…)
4
Employer offered into the record seven pictures that Dunlap took the
evening the incident occurred. The pictures showed the conditions of the logging
road that Claimant navigated, such as the depth of the snow, the location of the “no
winter maintenance” sign, and the position of the stuck vehicle. (N.T. at 8-9.)
Claimant provided a different account of the events preceding his
discharge. Claimant acknowledged that Dunlap discharged him on February 2, 2015,
because he failed to provide a written statement regarding the incident with the
propane truck. However, Claimant stated that the only time Dunlap asked him for a
statement was during the return to Employer’s facility. Claimant testified that he
returned home without providing a written statement because he suffers from
pancreatitis, he was hungry, and he did not feel well because he spent the entire day
with the stuck vehicle. Claimant stated that he received a phone call from Dunlap
approximately two hours after returning home advising Claimant that he was
suspended for three days and that they would discuss the suspension the following
Monday. Claimant further testified that when he returned to Employer’s facility later
that evening to return the keys to the damaged vehicle, Dunlap did not direct him to
provide a written statement. Claimant stated that when he arrived at Employer’s
(continued…)
EW: I believe it was a weekend if I recall. 24th, 25th . . .
R: There’s a whole week in between there, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30.
EW: Oh, yes. We . . .
R: Was he back at work or what?
EW: We – no. He was – in this situation, because he didn’t provide
the statement, we suspended him pending the outcome of the
investigation.
(R.R. at 14-15.)
5
facility the following Monday, he delivered a written statement regarding the incident
with Employer’s vehicle; nevertheless, at that time, Dunlap asked him to sign a piece
of paper indicating that Claimant was being terminated for failing to provide the
statement as directed. Claimant testified that he advised Employer the week before
the incident that it was unsafe to send drivers to that rural location the day after a
snowstorm and that he did not want to make deliveries there. Claimant stated that he
did not see the “no winter maintenance sign” and was completely dependent on the
GPS. Claimant acknowledged that he was aware that he was required to provide a
written statement, but said he was unaware that the statement must be provided that
evening. (N.T. at 15-16, 20.)
Following the hearing, the referee made the following relevant findings
of fact:
11. On the way back to the employer’s facility, the
customer service center manager instructed the claimant to
complete an incident report related to the accident, by the
end of the day for insurances purposes.
12. When they arrived back at the employer facility, the
claimant was again told to prepare a written statement
regarding the accident before he left for the day.
13. The claimant left for the day without preparing the
statement.
14. The claimant was suspended from his job effective
January 22, 2015 pending the results of an investigation.
15. The claimant was discharged from employment on
February 2, 2015, for failure to provide a written statement
regarding the mishap with his truck as instructed by the end
of the day on January 21, 2015.
(Findings of Fact Nos. 11-15.)
6
By decision and order dated April 1, 2015, the referee resolved any
conflicting testimony in Employer’s favor and credited Dunlap’s testimony that he
advised Claimant twice on January 21, 2015, to prepare a written statement before
returning home that day. The referee concluded that Claimant’s disregard of
Employer’s directive constituted willful misconduct connected with his work.
Consequently, the referee reversed the local service center’s decision and determined
that Claimant was ineligible for benefits under section 402(e) of the Law. Claimant
appealed to the Board, which affirmed the referee’s decision and adopted the
referee’s findings and conclusions of law.
On appeal to this Court,4 Claimant argues that the Board’s decision is
not supported by substantial evidence. We disagree.
Section 402(e) of the Law provides that an employee shall be ineligible
for compensation for any week in which his unemployment is due to his discharge or
temporary suspension from work for willful misconduct connected with his work.
The Law does not define the term “willful misconduct.” However, our courts have
defined it as including: (1) conduct that evidences a willful disregard of the
employer’s interests; (2) a deliberate violation of the employer’s rules; (3) a disregard
of the standards of behavior which the employer has a right to expect of an employee;
or (4) negligence indicating an intentional disregard of the employer’s interests or of
the employee’s duties and obligations to the employer. Hager v. Unemployment
Compensation Board of Review, 482 A.2d 1368, 1370 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1984).
4
Our scope of review is limited to determining whether constitutional rights were violated,
whether an error of law was committed, and whether findings of fact are supported by substantial
evidence. Ellis v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 59 A.3d 1159, 1162 n.2 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2013).
7
An employee’s refusal to comply with an employer directive may
constitute willful misconduct. Pryor v. Unemployment Compensation Board of
Review, 475 A.2d 1350, 1352 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1984). When an employee is discharged
for refusing to comply with an employer’s directive, the reasonableness of the
employer’s request must be balanced against the employee’s justification for
noncompliance under the circumstances. Wilkerson v. Unemployment Compensation
Board of Review, 399 A.2d 1188, 1189 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1979). An employee does not
commit willful misconduct when the alleged misconduct is justifiable and reasonable
under the circumstances. Patterson v. Unemployment Compensation Board of
Review, 430 A.2d 1011, 1013 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1981). “It is well-settled that an
employer bears the burden of establishing willful misconduct and . . . where such
misconduct involves . . . the refusal to obey an employer’s directive, the employee
bears the burden of proving good cause for his refusal.” Connelly v. Unemployment
Compensation Board of Review, 450 A.2d 245, 246 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1982).
Although the issue of whether an employee’s conduct constitutes willful
misconduct is a matter of law, the Board is the ultimate fact finder. Hager, 482 A.2d
at 1370. “It is now axiomatic in an unemployment compensation case, that the
findings of fact made by the Board . . . are conclusive on appeal so long as the record,
taken as a whole, contains substantial evidence to support those findings.” Taylor v.
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 378 A.2d 829, 831 (Pa. 1977). In
determining whether substantial evidence exists, “[t]he appellate court’s duty is to
examine the testimony in the light most favorable to the party in whose favor the
Board has found, giving that party the benefit of all inferences that can logically and
reasonably be drawn from the testimony.” Id.
8
Claimant challenges the Board’s finding that Dunlap twice directed him
to provide a written statement regarding the incident before he returned home.
Claimant asserts that Dunlap only told him to submit a statement once, in passing,
during the return to Employer’s facility and did not indicate that there was any time
by which the statement must be delivered.
In making this argument, Claimant relies on his preferred version of the
facts rather than the facts as found by the Board. It is well settled that “[q]uestions of
credibility and the resolution of evidentiary conflicts are within the sound discretion
of the Board, and are not subject to re-evaluation on judicial review.” Miller v.
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 405 A.2d 1034, 1036 (Pa. Cmwlth.
1979). Thus, “[t]he fact that [a party] may have produced witnesses who gave a
different version of the events, or that [the party] might view the testimony differently
than the Board is not grounds for reversal if substantial evidence supports the Board’s
findings.” Middletown Township v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review,
40 A.3d 217, 223 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2012). In this case, Dunlap’s credible testimony
supports the Board’s findings of fact and, thus, they may not be disturbed on appeal.
These findings, in turn, support the Board’s legal conclusion that Claimant was
discharged for willful misconduct.
Accordingly, we affirm.
________________________________
PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge
9
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Arnold Gibbs, :
Petitioner :
: No. 901 C.D. 2015
v. :
:
Unemployment Compensation :
Board of Review, :
Respondent :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 16th day of November, 2015, the order of the
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, dated May 12, 2015, is affirmed.
________________________________
PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge