MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be Nov 18 2015, 6:45 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.
APPELLANT PRO SE ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEES
John D. May Wayne E. Uhl
Greencastle, Indiana Stephenson Morow & Semler
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
John D. May, November 18, 2015
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No.
28A01-1505-PL-312
v. Appeal from the Greene Circuit
Court
Greene County Sheriff’s The Honorable E. Michael Hoff
Department, Greene County Trial Court Cause No.
Jail, Sheriff Michael Hasler and 28C01-1412-PL-43
Jail Commander Darrin
MacDonald,
Appellees-Plaintiffs
Vaidik, Chief Judge.
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Case Summary
[1] John May represented himself in a civil suit while he was incarcerated in the
Greene County Jail. After he was sentenced for his criminal convictions and
transferred to the Department of Correction, May filed a complaint for
injunctive relief and damages against several Greene County entities wherein he
alleged that he was denied his constitutional right of access to the courts
because the jail did not have a law library. The trial court granted the
defendants’ motion to dismiss. Because May’s civil action was not a challenge
to his convictions or a civil rights action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, May did not
have a constitutional right of access to the law library, and we affirm the grant
of the defendants’ motion to dismiss.
Facts and Procedural History
[2] While incarcerated at the Greene County Jail in 2014, May represented himself
in a civil case which was “filed against May by Debra Stephens as a small claim
that was transferred to the plenary docket.” Appellees’ Br. p. 4. Stephens was
the victim in May’s convictions for intimidation, criminal mischief, and battery
with a deadly weapon. The jail did not have a law library, and when May
requested law books, he was told that there were no funds or space for them.1
In March 2015, after he was transferred to an Indiana Department of
1
According to May, the jail’s library consists of an incomplete set of the 1998 edition of the Indiana Code.
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Correction facility, May, acting pro se, filed an Amended Verified Complaint
for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief and Action for Mandate against the
Greene County Sheriff’s Department, the Greene County Jail, Greene Superior
Court, Greene County Sheriff Michael Hasler, Greene County Jail Commander
Darrin MacDonald, and Greene Superior Court Judge Dena Martin, the last
three in their individual and official capacities. In the complaint, May asked
the trial court to issue an order 1) declaring that May’s rights and those of
similarly situated offenders at the jail were violated because the jail does not
have a law library; 2) enjoining the defendants from further violating May’s
rights and those of any inmate; 3) ordering the defendants to establish such a
library; and 4) ordering the defendants to pay May both compensatory and
punitive damages for the violation of his rights. Defendants the Sheriff’s
Department, the jail, Sheriff Hasler, and Commander MacDonald filed a joint
motion to dismiss, which the trial court granted.2 May appeals.
Discussion and Decision
[3] At the outset we note that May proceeds pro se. A litigant who proceeds pro se is
held to the rules of procedure that trained counsel is bound to follow. Smith v.
Donahue, 907 N.E.2d 553, 555 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009), trans. denied, cert. dismissed.
One risk a litigant takes when he proceeds pro se is that he will not know how to
2
In April 2015, the trial court granted May’s motion to dismiss Judge Martin and the Greene Superior Court
as defendants.
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accomplish all the things an attorney would know how to accomplish. Id.
When a party elects to represent himself, there is no reason for us to indulge in
any benevolent presumption on his behalf or to waive any rule for the orderly
and proper conduct of the appeal. Foley v. Mannor, 844 N.E.2d 494, 496 (Ind.
Ct. App. 2006).
[4] As an additional preliminary matter, we note that the defendants are correct
that May lacks standing to seek injunctive relief. The standing requirement acts
as an important check on the exercise of judicial power by Indiana courts.
Schulz v. State, 731 N.E.2d 1041, 1044 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000), trans. denied. Its
primary purpose is to insure that the party before the court has a substantive
right to enforce the claim that is being made in litigation. Id. To possess
standing, a plaintiff must demonstrate a personal stake in the outcome of the
lawsuit and must show that he has sustained or was in immediate danger of
sustaining some direct injury as a result of the conduct at issue. Id. It is not
sufficient that a plaintiff merely has a general interest common to all members
of the public. Foundations of East Chicago, Inc. v. City of East Chicago, 927 N.E.2d
900, 903 (Ind. 2010), clarified on reh’g, 933 N.E.2d 874 (Ind. 2010). Here, at the
time he filed this action, May had been transferred to the Department of
Correction and was no longer an inmate at the jail. Therefore, he did not have
a personal stake in injunctive relief at the time he filed the suit, and lacks
standing to seek such relief. We now turn to May’s remaining claims for
compensatory and punitive damages for past injuries.
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[5] We review a trial court’s ruling on a Trial Rule 12(B)(6) motion using a de novo
standard. Lei Shi v. Cecilia Yi, 921 N.E.2d 31, 36 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010). This
means that we give no deference to the trial court’s decision. Id. A motion to
dismiss under Trial Rule 12(B)(6) tests the legal sufficiency of a complaint.
Veolia Water Indpls., LLC v. Nat’l Trust Ins. Co., 3 N.E.3d 1, 4 (Ind. 2014). In
conducting our review, we accept as true the facts alleged in the complaint, and
only consider the pleadings in the light most favorable to the plaintiff and draw
every reasonable inference in favor of the non-moving party. Snyder v. Town of
Yorktown, 20 N.E.3d 545, 550 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014), trans. denied. We will affirm
a dismissal under Trial Rule 12(B)(6) only if it is apparent that the facts alleged
in the complaint are incapable of supporting relief under any set of
circumstances. Id.
[6] May argues that the trial court erred in granting the defendants’ motion to
dismiss where he was denied his constitutional right of access to the courts
because the jail did not have a law library. The United States Supreme Court
has held that “the fundamental constitutional right of access to the courts
requires prison authorities to assist inmates in the preparation and filing of
meaningful legal papers by providing prisoners with adequate law libraries or
adequate assistance from persons trained in the law.” Bounds v. Smith, 430 U.S.
817, 828 (1977). However, the Supreme Court later noted that the right of
access to courts was limited to direct criminal appeals and actions under 42
U.S.C. § 1983 to vindicate basic constitutional rights. Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S.
343, 354 (1996). Specifically, the Court in Lewis explained as follows:
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Bounds does not guarantee inmates the wherewithal to transform
themselves into litigating engines capable of filing everything
from shareholder derivative actions to slip-and-fall claims. The
tools it requires to be provided are those that the inmates need in
order to attack their sentences, directly or collaterally, and in
order to challenge the conditions of their confinement.
Impairment of any other litigating capacity is simply one of the
incidental (and perfectly constitutional) consequences of
conviction and incarceration.
Id. at 355.
[7] Here, May’s civil action was filed by Debra Stephens as a small claim that was
transferred to the plenary docket. Stephens was the victim of the actions
resulting in May’s criminal convictions. It was not a challenge to his
convictions or a civil rights action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. In this instance,
May did not have a federal constitutional right of access to the law library. See
Maggert v. Call, 817 N.E.2d 649, 651 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004) (holding that where
Maggert’s civil action was for the theft of his property and not a challenge to his
conviction or a civil rights action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, Maggert had no
federal constitutional right of access to the law library).3
3
May also directs us to 210 Ind. Admin. Code 3-1-15(a), which provides that the “right of inmates to have
access to the courts shall be insured. Inmates shall have confidential access to their attorneys and the
authorized representatives of their attorneys. . . . Jail inmates not represented by counsel shall have
reasonable access to an adequate law library.” To the extent May cites this provision to support his claim of
a violation of his federal constitutional right of access to the courts, we have already explained that May had
no such right of access to a law library to defend his civil action. See Maggert, 817 N.E.2d at 651. We further
note that May makes no argument that this code provision establishes a cause of action distinct from his
constitutional claim. Last, any argument alleging a violation of the Indiana Constitution fails because there
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[8] Affirmed.
Robb, J., and Pyle, J., concur.
can be no claim for monetary damages arising out of the Indiana Constitution. McIntire v. Franklin Twp.
Cmty. Sch. Corp., 15 N.E.3d 131, 137 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014), trans. denied.
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